2. Sulphur –Crested
cockatoo
The sulphur-crested
cockatoo (Cacatua
galerita) is a relatively
large white cockatoo found
in wooded habitats
in Australia and New
Guineaand some of the
islands of Indonesia. They
can be locally very
numerous, leading to them
sometimes being
considered pests. A highly
intelligent bird, they are
well known in aviculture,
although they can be
demanding pets.
3. In Australia, sulphur-crested cockatoos can be
found widely in the north and east, ranging
from the Kimberley to as far south
as Tasmania, but avoiding arid inland areas
with few trees. They are numerous
in suburban habitats in cities such
as Adelaide, Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney and
Brisbane. Except for highland areas, they
occur throughout most of New Guinea and on
nearby smaller islands such
as Waigeo, Misool and Aru, and various islands
in the Cenderawasih Bay and Milne Bay.
4.
5. There are four recognised subspecies;
Triton cockatoo, C. g. triton (Temminck, 1849)
is found in New Guinea and the surrounding
islands,
Eleonora cockatoo, C. g. eleonora (Finsch,
1867) is restricted to the Aru Islands in the
Maluku province of eastern Indonesia,
Mathews cockatoo, C. g. fitzroyi (Mathews,
1912) in northern Australia from West
Australia to the Gulf of Carpentaria
and the nominate subspecies, the greater
sulphur-crested cockatoo, C. g. galerita which
is found from Cape York to Tasmania
6. Introduced species[edit]
Within Australia, sulphur-crested cockatoos of
the nominate race have also
been introduced to Perth, which is far outside
the natural range. Outside Australia, they have
been introduced to Singapore, where their
numbers have been estimated to be between
500 and 2000. They have also been introduced
to Palau and New Zealand. In New Zealand the
introduced populations may number less than
1000. This species has also been recorded as
established in Hawaii and from various islands
in Wallacea (e.g. Kai Islands and Ambon), but it
is unclear if it has managed to become
established there they are also native to
Australia.
7.
8.
9. It has a total length of 44–55 cm (17.5–
21.5 in), with the Australian subspecies larger
than subspecies from New Guinea and nearby
islands. The plumage is overall white, while the
underwing and -tail are tinged yellow. The
expressive crest is yellow. The bill is black, the
legs are grey, and the eye-ring is whitish. Males
typically have almost black eyes, whereas the
females have a more red or brown eye, but
this requires optimum viewing conditions to be
seen. The differences between the subspecies
are subtle. C. g. fitzroyi is similar to the
nominate race but lacks the yellow on the ear
tufts and has slightly blueish skin around the
eye. C. g. eleonora is similar to C. g. fitzroyi but
is smaller and has broader feathers in the
crest, and C. g. triton is similar to C. g.
eleonora except it has a smaller bill.[
10. It is similar in appearance to the three species
of corellas found in Australia. However, corellas
are smaller, lack the prominent yellow crest
and have pale bills. In captivity, the sulphur-
crested cockatoo is easily confused with the
smaller yellow-crested cockatoo or the blue-
eyed cockatoo with a differently shaped crest
and a darker blue eye-ring.
11. Grey parrot
The grey parrot or African
grey parrot (Psittacus
erithacus) is an Old
World parrot in the
family Psittacidae. This
article describes the Congo
grey parrot. The Timneh
parrot (Psittacus
timneh) was earlier treated
as conspecific but has
since been split as a full
species.
12. The grey parrot is a medium-sized,
predominantly grey, black-billed parrot. Their
average weight is 400 grams (0.88 lb), with an
average length of 33 centimetres (13 in)[2] and
an average wingspan of 46–52 cm.[3] The
Congo species is a lighter grey, with darker
grey over the head and both wings, while the
head and body feathers have a slight white
edge to them. The tail feathers are red. The
Timneh is a darker grey and has a dark maroon
coloured tail as well as having a portion of
their beak being light pink in colour. Due to
artificial selection by parrot breeders, some
Congo grey parrots are partially or completely
red.[4] Both sexes appear similar.[2] The
colouration of juveniles is similar to that of
adults, but the eye is typically dark grey to
black, in comparison to the yellow irises
around dark eyes of the adult birds.[5]The
undertail coverts are also tinged with
grey.[2] The adults weigh between 418 and 526
grams.[6]
Grey parrots may live for 40–60 years in
captivity, although their mean lifespan in the
wild appears to be shorter at about 23 years
13.
14.
15. Electus Parrot
The eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)
is a parrot native to the Solomon
Islands, Sumba, New Guinea and
nearby islands,
northeastern Australia and the Maluku
Islands (Moluccas). It is unusual in the
parrot family for its extreme sexual
dimorphism of the colours of the
plumage; the male having a mostly
bright emerald green plumage and the
female a mostly bright red and
purple/blue plumage. Joseph Forshaw,
in his book Parrots of the World, noted
that the first European ornithologists
to see eclectus parrots thought they
were of two distinct species. Large
populations of this parrot remain, and
they are sometimes considered pests
for eating fruit off trees. Some
populations restricted to relatively
small islands are comparably rare.
Their bright feathers are also used by
native tribespeople in New Guinea as
16. The eclectus parrot is unusual in the parrot
family for its marked visible light sexual
dimorphism in the colours of the plumage. A
stocky short-tailed parrot, it measures around
35 cm (14 in) in length. The male is mostly
bright green with a yellow-tinge on the head. It
has blue primaries, and red flanks and
underwing coverts. Its tail is edged with a
narrow band of creamy yellow, and is dark grey
edged with creamy yellow underneath, and
the tail feathers are green centrally and more
blue as they get towards the edges. The grand
eclectus female is mostly bright red with a
darker hue on the back and wings. The mantle
and underwing coverts darken to a more
purple in colour, and the wing is edged with a
mauve-blue. The tail is edged with yellowish-
orange above, and is more orange tipped with
yellow underneath. The upper mandible of the
adult male is orange at the base fading to a
yellow towards the tip, and the lower
mandible is black. The beak of the adult female
is all black. Adults have yellow to
orange irises and juveniles have dark brown to
black irises
17. The upper mandible of both male and female
juveniles are brown at the base fading to
yellow towards the biting edges and the tip.[5]
The above description is for the nominate race.
The abdomen and nape of the females are
blue in most subspecies, purple abdomen and
nape in the subspecies (roratus) and lavender
abdomen and nape in the (vosmaeri)
subspecies from the north and central Maluku
Islands, and red abdomen and nape in the
subspecies from Sumba and Tanimbar
Islands (cornelia and riedeli). Females of two
subspecies have a wide band of yellow on the
tail tip, riedeli and vosmaeri which also have
yellow undertail coverts. The
female vosmaeri displays the brightest red of
all the subspecies, both on the head and body.
20. Blue headed parrot
The blue-headed parrot, also
known as the blue-headed
pionus (Pionus menstruus) is a
medium large parrot. It is
about 27 cm long and they
are mainly green with a blue
head and neck, and red under
tail feathers.[2] It is
a resident bird in tropical and
subtropical South
America and southern Central
America, from Costa
Rica, Venezuela and Trinidad s
outh to Bolivia and Brazil. It is
named for its medium-blue
head and neck.
21. Its habitat is forest and semi-open country,
including cultivated areas. It is largely
restricted to humid or semi-humid regions, but
locally extends into drier habitats, at least
along rivers. The blue-headed parrot lays three
to five white eggs in a tree cavity.
Blue-headed parrots are noisy birds and make
light, high-pitched squeaking sweenk calls.
They eat fruit and seeds, and sometimes grain.
They roost communally in palm and other
trees, and large numbers can be seen at the
roost sites at dawn and dusk.
Blue-headed pionus parrots are popular as
pets.[2] Compared to other parrot species
(Amazons for example) they are very quiet.
They are affectionate, but not known for their
talking ability.
23. The blue-headed parrot is about 28 cm
(11 in)[2] long and weighs 245 g. It is mainly
green with a blue head, neck and upper breast,
red undertail coverts, and some yellowish on
the wing coverts. The upper mandible is black
with reddish areas on both sides.[2] They have
dark ear patches. In addition to the well-
known nominate subspecies found throughout
most of the species' South American range,
there are two more localized
subspecies: rubrigularis from southern Central
America and the Chocó has an overall paler
plumage and typically a relatively distinct
pinkish patch on the throat,
and reichenowi from the Atlantic Forest in east
Brazil has a paler bill and most of the
underparts blue. In all subspecies the male and
the female are alike, and juvenile birds have
less blue on the head, as well as red or pinkish
feathers around the ceres. They moult into
their adult plumage at about 8 months of age,
but it can take up to two years for the full blue
hood to emerge.
