The green building concept is becoming more and more popular these days because these are considered as environment friendly building. The government is taking appropriate steps in implementation of green
building concepts by providing increase in Floor area ratio. They are making action plan on climate change on sustainable habitats by proposing smart city concepts. Further in addition to that BEE is putting their effort on appliance labelling programme which helps in appraisal and clearance of large
construction projects. Several corporate organizations, institutions and construction companies are now practising green building concept in the construction. There are many green building rating systems in place. GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment Design ) was developed in response to this need. The GRIHA is considered as Indian National Rating System which have been finalised after incorporating various modifications suggested by a group of architects and experts. United States Green Building Council administered (LEED) as the leading green building rating system which is ranked first among other systems. LEED is contributing heavily in converting the built environment towards sustainable development. The buildings which come under GRIHA are those which are having land area more than 2,500 Sqm. (except for industrial complexes). These buildings can undergo this certification programme. The GRIHA doesn’t cover buildings having area less than 2500 sqm so the present study focuses on providing a rating system for small residential buildings. By adopting this rating system more and more buildings may be covered for sustainable development. It gives a boost to nearby surroundings.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
Green Building in India with Case StudyAjayashKekan
The presentation comes with definitions, uses, advantages, etc.
Including the case study of Green Building in India &
References in the end are also provided.
This is a presentation on my own Project report from BE.
It is about the Green rating system GRIHA.
It might be useful for Environmental engineering students or any one interested in he subject
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction.
Green Building Construction: Case study on Green BuildingKetulKhatri
To understand the concept of Green Building Construction.
To understand the difference between Normal Building and Green Building.
To evaluate the different Green Building Construction Techniques.
To study the property and use of various Green Building Construction materials.
To analyse Green Building Construction
Green Building in India with Case StudyAjayashKekan
The presentation comes with definitions, uses, advantages, etc.
Including the case study of Green Building in India &
References in the end are also provided.
This is a presentation on my own Project report from BE.
It is about the Green rating system GRIHA.
It might be useful for Environmental engineering students or any one interested in he subject
A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants as compared to a conventional building
LEED India + Case Study : CII Sohrabji Godrej, ITC Green Centerbaburajiv2007
A brief intro on LEED India, and its accompanying case studies (architectural) on the platinum rated CII Sohrabji Godrej, Hyderabad & ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
An overview of green building rating systems iisc cce 1sabnisajit
Presents an overview of popular Green Rating Systems and Sustainability Development Indices; towards sustainability assessment as the inevitable need of the hour.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune based architect and has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. He and his partner came up with the concept “Office in the garden”. Spread over 10 acres, this magnificent structure is one of the largest green building projects of the country and is also one of the India’s first buildings to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption.
The infrastructure within the campus is designed to enable water percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased water table level.
DESIGN AND MODIFICATION OF GREEN BUILDING ASPECT AT JILLA SEVASADAN, VYARA | ...Journal For Research
India became independent on 15 August 1947. Though, after independence achieved tremendous success in many fields but still much is needs to be done in order to become developed nation. Statistics betrays that after independence our growth rate has increased from 3% to 9%. Energy is driving wheel of the country. But still we are facing problems like demand of energy and water. Jilla Seva sadan, Vyara is first green building in Gujarat. Mainly under green building design three aspects had been covered in this segment mainly water conservation, energy conservation and material conservation. Comparison was made using green building concept and conventional building concept in this three aspect. From the study it was seen that water consumption, energy consumption and material consumption was really reduced to 30 to 40% using green building concept. By this study, Green building concept really can be achieved in Jilla Sevasadan, Vyara.
A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants as compared to a conventional building
LEED India + Case Study : CII Sohrabji Godrej, ITC Green Centerbaburajiv2007
A brief intro on LEED India, and its accompanying case studies (architectural) on the platinum rated CII Sohrabji Godrej, Hyderabad & ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
An overview of green building rating systems iisc cce 1sabnisajit
Presents an overview of popular Green Rating Systems and Sustainability Development Indices; towards sustainability assessment as the inevitable need of the hour.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
This significantly unique office is designed by Christopher Charles, Pune based architect and has received LEED Platinum rating in 2010. He and his partner came up with the concept “Office in the garden”. Spread over 10 acres, this magnificent structure is one of the largest green building projects of the country and is also one of the India’s first buildings to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified.
Suzlon One Earth, Pune
Suzlon one earth is 100% powered by onsite and offsite renewable sources.
The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind turbines.
The structure is designed in a way to ensure maximum daylight exposure thereby reducing artificial lighting consumption.
The infrastructure within the campus is designed to enable water percolation and thereby control storm water runoff thus, contributing towards an increased water table level.
DESIGN AND MODIFICATION OF GREEN BUILDING ASPECT AT JILLA SEVASADAN, VYARA | ...Journal For Research
India became independent on 15 August 1947. Though, after independence achieved tremendous success in many fields but still much is needs to be done in order to become developed nation. Statistics betrays that after independence our growth rate has increased from 3% to 9%. Energy is driving wheel of the country. But still we are facing problems like demand of energy and water. Jilla Seva sadan, Vyara is first green building in Gujarat. Mainly under green building design three aspects had been covered in this segment mainly water conservation, energy conservation and material conservation. Comparison was made using green building concept and conventional building concept in this three aspect. From the study it was seen that water consumption, energy consumption and material consumption was really reduced to 30 to 40% using green building concept. By this study, Green building concept really can be achieved in Jilla Sevasadan, Vyara.
Green Buildings. GREEN BUILDING PROCESS AND ASSESSMENTReenaRanaGCET
A is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our quality of life.
There are a number of which can make a building ‘green’. These include:
• Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
• Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
• Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
• Good indoor environmental air quality
• Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
• Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
• Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
• A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
Conventional versus green building delivery systems
– Execution of green building process
– Integrated design process – Ecological design
– Merits and demerits
– Historical perspective
– Contemporary and future ecological designs
– LEED building assessment standard – LEED certification process
– International building assessment standards
– Building rating system and its future
– Case study of a green building.
TRANSFORMING TO SUSTAINABLE BUILDING AND COST ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS FOR GREE...IAEME Publication
In today's era of urbanization, the environment has been disturbed by human beings. Environmental imbalance is produced because of various activities created by us. The construction industry is performing an enormous role in this. While building procedures and after construction because of faulty preparation, pollution is produced in addition to many natural resources being wasted or exploited. A green Building design offers solutions to problems and contributes to keeping the surroundings clean, green, and eco-friendly. The green building momentum began in 1990 with the establishment of 1st green rating system - BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environment Assessment Method) in the U.K., then after followed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) in 1993 led a rating system' LEED' (Leadership in Energy & Environment Design). The green building and sustainable development moment is an entirely new environmentally friendly lifestyle that is steadily emerging worldwide and in India. In India, the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) started in 2001 with its rating and certification process. In the current research of current building taking advantage of the unlimited resource, e.g., utilizing sunlight through photo-voltaic tools and led lighting effects, numerous additional methods to transform the structure on the green building and also concentrates on the beneficial results, as well as results after the structure, is changed to green building, Case 1: The study is conducted on Residential complex of G+3 buildings having total flats of 27nos, Situated in dist.- Thane, state - Maharashtra Case 2: The project deals with studying the case study of g+4 storey building eco-friendly ideas, a set case in point of an eco-friendly building that could well be healthy for the people inside in addition to exterior.
Productivity Development in the Construction Industry by International Compar...civejjour
A downward trend on productivity growth rates has been observed since the 1970s of the twentieth century
for construction sectors of western industrial countries. Despite conflicting evidence, numerous recent
economic studies on growth research suggest that innovation and technology are significant drivers for
productivity and growth. According to the OECD the lack or low level of employees' skills and qualifications
might be in different ways a possible explanation for the observed slowdown of productivity growth. In this
context, intrafirm behaviour has long been recognized as a potentially important driver for productivity.
Results from surveys show that management practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving
more data collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the measured
management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies suggest that there is a positive
association between human skills and productivity
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
Stormwater Runoff Treatment and Infiltration via Silica-Sand based Pervious P...civejjour
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH,
TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff
pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark
values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the
need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two
bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of
500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention
and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the
average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average
removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is
featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant
concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger
pores.
The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
form lifelines to many communities; the water storage concept is as old as civilization itself. Location and
land availability often dictate the topology of the tank’s structure. They may be either shallow and stubby
or deep yet slender or anywhere in between having an aspect ratio dictated by overall site conditions. In
all cases adequate structural analysis is mandatory.
The Dynamics of Man's History and Economic Development: A Refocus on Ecologic...civejjour
Man’s history and developmental endeavour have been advancing alongside a trail of
ecological ramifications and climate change. Since prehistoric times, scientists have not
recorded an accelerated shift in ecology during any other epoch beside that of modern man
on the planet. The paper seeks to explore how man’s history and development affects ecology
and climate. It uses desk analysis to recollect data from global assessment reports and runs a
One paired Sample Means t-Test, 1 tailed, 8 df, at Pearson Correlation value 0.458 and 0.5
level. Findings show that, there is global climate change, seen in global warming trends; and
imbalance in ecological footprint, seen in depletion of air, water and land sinks. The t-Test
reveals significant net loss of global forest cover. The study also, found that at present,
processes of development generally tend to damage ecology. Therefore, the study
recommends a refocus to sustainable means of development.
Cost Effective Methods in Construction Engineeringcivejjour
The economic impact of construction cost overrun is a possible loss of the economic justification for the
project. The financial impact of a cost overrun results in demand for construction investment credits.
Therefore reliable estimates of construction cost are an important aspect to the contemporary construction
companies especially during the conceptual phase of lifecycle management. In this paper a cost-effective
analysis is done using one of the cost effective construction technique called Rat Trap Bond versus Flemish
bond and when estimated with CPWD 2012 schedule of rates it is proved that Low cost techniques such as
rat trap bond provides better cost effectiveness as compared to conventional Flemish bond construction
method.
Geotechnical Characterization on the Soyo Road Section using Electrical Resis...civejjour
The need for near-surface soils and rocks characterization at planned construction sites, using geophysical
techniques, has grown rapidly during the last few decades to map the variations in the soil stiffness and the
depth to bedrock. Although borehole data are important in geotechnical engineering, providing
information on stability and strength of soils and rocks, it is limited to a few points. To take borehole data
on the hole construction site becomes necessary increase the borehole density, which makes the project
very expensive. Geophysical techniques have the advantage in collecting information of large volume of
soils and rocks in its natural state. The Soyo Road was opened to traffic in 2017 but, due to the lack on
soils and rocks physic-mechanical properties information, there is still to complete a section of about 700
meters in the mangrove zone. Geophysical techniques were applied with the main goal of providing
technical information, essential for the completion of the targeted road section. Electrical resistivity data
was recorded along a profile of 820m long, using forty-two electrodes20-meter spaced, under pole-dipole
array. Seismic measurements were taken using twenty-four geophones, 5-meter spaced, 115-meter length
spread. Five seismic spreads were connected, generating a seismic line of 575-meters long. Measured
geophysical data were processed using EarthImager 2D, SeisImager/2D and SeisImager/SWpackages.
Electrical resistivity section shows two zones, the first associated with unconsolidated and/or poorly
consolidated soils, composed by clay, silt, sandy, carbonated rocks mixed with sloth and organic clay and,
the second associated with rock, composed by clay, all them saturated with marine saltwater. Seismic
refraction section shows an interface separating non-compacted soils and unconsolidated rocks to
compacted soils. Multi-channel analysis of surface waves model shows an alternating sequence of
horizontal horizons in the investigated first ≈25-meter depth, composed by non-compacted soils and/or
unconsolidated rocks and compacted soils. Due to its shear velocity values the site is constituted by soft
and stiff soils, composed by homogeneous organic matter and elements of mineral origin, responsible for
the ruptures and landslides that occurred and for the sinking of the structures built on the site.
The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
form lifelines to many communities; the water storage concept is as old as civilization itself. Location and
land availability often dictate the topology of the tank’s structure. They may be either shallow and stubby
or deep yet slender or anywhere in between having an aspect ratio dictated by overall site conditions. In
all cases adequate structural analysis is mandatory.
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF AIRCRAFT NOISE AROUND ABU DHABI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of the Superplasticizer Effect on the Concrete Compressive Strengt...civejjour
Concrete is the most important material in the civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a
non-linear function of the concrete age and some constituents. These constituents include cement, blast
furnace slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The superplasticizers are
among elements which are important in increasing the concrete compressive strength and we are going to
analyze here using the tree-classification decision algorithm. The decision trees, usually, are used in
classification of a bunch of data. J48 is one of the most favoured ones. The decision trees are developed
using information entropy on a collection of training data. J48 is a recursive algorithm that combines the
remaining of the following data sets and continues normalizing the output data using the separation
process until a uniform classification result obtains. This article evaluates the superplasticizer effect on the
concrete compressive strength using the tree-classification decision algorithm.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of Performance of High Calcium Fly Ash as a Mineral Filler in Mix ...civejjour
In the present research work, traditional mineral filler, high calcium Fly Ash, is used in the mix design of
micro surfacing is evaluated with possibility of replacing it with other environmental friendly and cost
effective selected fillers. The chemical analysis and material testing performed on high calcium Fly Ash
filler indicate its suitability for incorporation in the mix design. The optimum mix design for microsurfacing
Type II and Type III is determined through trial and error method. Also, the performance of a laboratory
design mix is evaluated with field application. The field experimentation indicate that the mineral filler
showed good performance for the test conducted on field after 24 hours and 6 months of application. The
results evaluated in the field for skid resistance and surface texture indicate high calcium Fly Ash can be
utilized for microsurfacing of road pavement.
Intelligent Transportation System Based Traffic Congestion Modeling for Urban...civejjour
This study attempts to make use of traffic behaviour on the aggregate level to estimate congestion on urban
arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route
into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the
segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics
(flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic
characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is
then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion
index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour
practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network
planning and management.
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersectionscivejjour
The phenomenon that pedestrian violates traffic signals at intersections and crosses with danger is
universal. This study aims to find out the influence of the waiting time of pedestrians at an intersection and
the three main factors of pedestrian violations. In this study, 13 intersections and 1075 violations sample
were collected in Suzhou China, which had different maximum waiting times. The validation would use the
complementary video data. There are several factors, which have great influence on the proportion of
pedestrian violations, such as the age, sex, arrive time, red phase, conflicting traffic volume and the length
of volume crosswalks. Additionally, The significance of pedestrian maximum waiting time was highlighted
in the end. For the purpose of reducing dangerous pedestrian behaviors at signalized intersections,
minimizing waiting times is supposed to be one proper way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
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1. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
47
PERFORMANCE AND RATING OF
RESIDENTIAL GREEN BUILDING
Hemant Kumar1
and Vaishali Sahu2
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana,
India
ABSTRACT
The green building concept is becoming more and more popular these days because these are considered
as environment friendly building. The government is taking appropriate steps in implementation of green
building concepts by providing increase in Floor area ratio. They are making action plan on climate
change on sustainable habitats by proposing smart city concepts. Further in addition to that BEE is
putting their effort on appliance labelling programme which helps in appraisal and clearance of large
construction projects. Several corporate organizations, institutions and construction companies are now
practising green building concept in the construction. There are many green building rating systems in
place. GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and
Environment Design ) was developed in response to this need. The GRIHA is considered as Indian
National Rating System which have been finalised after incorporating various modifications suggested by
a group of architects and experts. United States Green Building Council administered (LEED) as the
leading green building rating system which is ranked first among other systems. LEED is contributing
heavily in converting the built environment towards sustainable development. The buildings which come
under GRIHA are those which are having land area more than 2,500 Sqm. (except for industrial
complexes). These buildings can undergo this certification programme. The GRIHA doesn’t cover
buildings having area less than 2500 sqm so the present study focuses on providing a rating system for
small residential buildings. By adopting this rating system more and more buildings may be covered for
sustainable development. It gives a boost to nearby surroundings.
KEYWORDS
Green Building, GRIHA, LEED, Rating System
1. INTRODUCTION
The building constructions have major environmental effect on surroundings and natural
resources during their life cycle. The natural resources like ground water, soil, trees and fuels
are dwindling to give way to buildings. The soil cover is used for landscaping, energy-
consuming systems for lighting, space cooling and heating, ventilation and water heating system
to provide comfort to the resident. Hi-tech controls like lux sensor, occupancy sensor add
intelligence to the buildings. Fire fighting system, security and building management system
controls and monitor the resource use. Water is major resource for an occupant who gets used
by the occupants during construction and operation time. Large occupied buildings generate
good amount of waste like solid waste, liquid waste, air pollution and noise pollution. Buildings
are now considered as one of major pollutants that have huge impact on various environments.
Hence, the need of present is to design a green building to save the climate as well as natural
resources. The cost of constructing green building is more than the conventional building design
but the operation and maintenance cost is less as compared to other buildings and have good
2. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
48
environmental benefits. The main hurdle is to achieve these benefits with less or affordable
cost.
According to Ministry of Environment & Forest, India, Green Building is the “practice of
creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-
efficient throughout a building life-cycle from sitting to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction.” Green building shows our efforts in the
construction practices. With the development of technology and new construction and building
materials the status of the efforts also changes. Therefore, we have to emphasize the green
building concept on all scale projects including small residential buildings as it contributes to
the major share of construction.
2. OVER VIEW OF PARAMETER AND DESIGN
The purpose of green building design is to bring down the demand to minimal and maximize the
utilization efficiency. The parameters to be considered for green building design are use of
version soil, vegetation of landscaped area, maximum use of recycled water efficient building
material, minimum energy usage, and maximum use of renewable energy like solar, wind,
ventilated building design, and efficient waste management technique. The agency critically
evaluates the impacts of the building design and then arrives at a cost effective design solutions
which can minimize the environmental impacts and therefore enhance the efficiency of the
building.
2.1. Benefit of Green Building
It has been reported that the consumption of natural resources is very less in green building as
compared to conventional buildings. The resources in a building with their respective reasons
are follows:
• Due to passive architectural intervention, efficient material consumption and innovative
technologies in design of the building, green buildings consume lesser electricity as
compared to conventional buildings.
• Green Buildings generate the renewable energy at on-site and utilize its energy needs.
Solar panel uses for hot-water generation and can replace the electrical geyser in
buildings fully or partially. Solar PV panels can also be used to generate electricity
which will ultimately reduce the buildings dependency on the grid power.
• Water consumption of Green buildings is very less as compared to conventional
buildings. Green Building utilizes low-flow faucets, waste-water recycling systems
through tertiary treatment, dual plumbing systems and water conservation techniques
like rain-water harvesting etc.
• By using waste management strategies on site Green buildings generate less waste.
They help to reduce the load on the municipal waste management system and landfills.
• At the time of construction and while in use Green Buildings generate less pollution.
The proper storage and usage of construction materials, measure to prevent air and
noise pollution during construction activities etc. ensures reduced impact on the
surrounding environment.
• During Construction and while operation Green buildings ensure safety, health and
sanitation facilities for the labourers.
• Green buildings are in demand and can be leased out at higher price as compared to
conventional building.
3. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
49
2.2. Rating methodology
The rating system consists of different parameters as listed below. It covers the different stages
from designing and planning to operation and maintenance. These points are common for all
type of rating system which has been discussed in detail in below points.
1. Sustainable Site Planning
• Site Selection
• Preserve and protect landscape during construction
• Soil Conservation
• Local Building Regulations
• Preservation or Transplantation of Trees
• Alternative Transportation, parking capacity
• Proximity to Public Transport
2. Water Management
• Reduce landscape water requirement
• Reduce building water use
• Efficient water use during construction
• Water recycle and reuse
• Innovative Wastewater Technologies
• Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
• Management of Irrigation Systems
• Ensure water Quality
• Water Metering
3. Energy Optimization
• Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency
• Plan utilities efficiently and optimise on site
• Renewable energy utilization
• Energy audit and validation
• Increased Ventilation
• Controllability of systems, lighting
• Controllability of systems, thermal comfort
• Energy Metering and Management
• Optimise building design to reduce conventional energy demand
• Low emitting Vehicles
4. Sustainable Building Materials
• Utilization of fly ash in building structure
• Regional Materials
• Passive Architecture
4. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
50
5. Waste Management
• Efficient waste segregation
• Storage and disposal of waste
• Segregation of Waste, Post-occupancy
• Minimise Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants
6. Health & Well being
• Minimize Ozone depleting substances
• Provide at least minimum level of Sanitation / Safety facilities for construction workers
• Tobacco and smoke control
7. Innovation
• Innovation & New Idea
2.3. GRIHA
In this rating system the credit possible It has been observed that the major concentration is
towards energy optimization and least in building operation maintenance as shown in figure-1.
Figure 1: GRIHA rating system
2.4. LEED
This rating system is mostly used internationally, here shows the pie chart having different
criterion of sustainable building design. This rating system has major emphasis on energy
optimization and minor on innovation and water management.
5. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
51
Figure 2: LEED rating system
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This rating system is being developed by us for small residential building situated in national
capital region after study and taking feedback from market experts like real estate experts,
architects and engineers (Annexure attached):
The feedback shows that the experts are majorly interested in energy optimization and water
management and least on sustainable building material & innovation. This is because people are
not much interested in innovation in their houses. The main emphasis is on usage of electricity
and water which are critical parameters for sustainable design and directly linked to the living
cost.
Figure 3: Proposed rating system
6. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
52
The critical analysis shows that both established rating system is focusing on energy
optimization but not on operation & maintenance which is somehow contradictory. If we need
to save energy it should be operated in efficient manner and need to be maintained properly.
Table 1 shows the comparison of rating criterion and points:
Table 1: Data Comparison
S. No.
Description
GRIHA LEED PROPOSED
1 Sustainable Site Planning 16.35% 18.84% 14.00%
2 Water Management 12.50% 8.70% 30.00%
3 Energy Optimization 33.65% 24.64% 33.00%
4 Sustainable Building Materials 13.46% 18.84% 6.00%
5 Waste Management 4.81% - 8.00%
6 Health & Wellbeing 13.46% 21.74% 6.00%
7 Building Operation & Maintenance 1.92% - -
8 Innovation 3.85% 7.25% 3.00%
4. CONCLUSIONS
The final rating system for small residential building shows that people are mainly focused
towards conservation & reuse of water and energy optimization because it is directly related to
their daily usage and cost of living. So as per above study we would like to recommend the
credit point as shown in figure 4. It helps to preserve natural resources because the small
housing numbers are much higher than high rise buildings.
7. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning:An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2, June 2015
53
Legend
Figure 4: Credit point for the existing and proposed system
However, to achieve sustainable development, certain mandatory criteria must be followed to
achieve good economic, environmental and social system. Hence new development in green
building is required which can focus more on the life cycle analysis in all product stages,
knowledge integration and involving more expert people from all areas. Also using the
renewable materials, utilization of the solar energy, rain water harvesting system and water
reuse considering geo graphical condition of the area where Green Building to be build.
REFERENCES
[1] The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), by Ministry of Power, Government of India in May
2007
[2] GRIHA Manual, Vol. 1, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, and The
Energy and Resources Institute, 2010
[3] LEED Certification Policy Manual January 11th
, 2011
Authors
Mr. Hemant Kumar is an Assistant General
Manager (Planning) with DLF Limited, leading
real estate company of India. Presently pursuing
M. Tech from ITM, University, Gurgaon.
Ms. Vaishali Sahu an Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil & Environmental
Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, India
has 8 years of teaching experience. Her research
areas are Water, Waste Water Management,
Environmental Pollution & Waste Management.