2. MINI-LINK Outdoor Units
Mini-link point to point antennas are directional parabolic antennas
and they are available in the following diameters:
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
3
3.7
0.2, 0.3, 0.6 antennas with RAU2
Separately
installed
antenna
Compact
antennas
Integrated
power
splitter
4. Antenna Units
3 dB Lobe width
-3 dB
-3 dB
Frequency band
Antenna
0.3 0.6
7 GHz
8 GHz
13 GHz
15 GHz
18 GHz
23 GHz
26 GHz
38 GHz
… 4.2
… 3.9
… 2.8
4.2 2.5
3.9 2
3 1.5
2.5 1.3
1.6 0.8
5. Radio Unit (RAU
(
• The basic function of RAU is to generate and receive the RF signal and convert it
to/from the signal format in the radio cable connecting the RAU and MMU
• Disconnection and replacement of RAU can be done without affecting antenna
alignment
• DC power to the RAU is supplied from the MMU through the radio cable
• The RAU is capacity dependent and available in three classes including Medium
capacity RAU, High capacity RAU and Agile RAU
• The frequency is determined by the RAU and it can be set in 0.25 MHz steps
The Output power limit can
be set from OMC. But this
feature is not available for
RAU1 26
7. RAU Types
RAUX Y F
• X: Mechanical design which is 1 or 2
• Y: MMU Compatibility and capacity
- “Blank”: Medium capacity RAU
Compatible with CQPSK, supports 2x2 to 34x2 in a range of 7 to
38 GHz like RAU2 23
- “L”: High capacity radio units
Supports 155 Mbit/s capacity using 128 QAM like RAU1 L 8
- “N”: Agile
Compatible with CQPSK, 16 QAM and 128 QAM and supports 2x2 to
155 Mbit/s like RAU2 N 23
• F: Frequency band
9. RAU
Automatic Power Control (ATPC
(
The received signal strength is compared to a preset value
The far end transmitter is ordered to adjust the output power, up or down, in
order to meet the target
Benefits:
- Interference reduction
- Reduced power consumption
Setting is done in MMU and usually the power is set in 3-6 dB above
threshold
10. Terminal Configurations
1+1 Hot Stand-by
1+1 Hot Stand-by:
• Improved availability by hardware redundancy
•1 radio channel
•1 transmitter is active
• TX switch on hardware alarm
• 2 radios receiving
• 1 Receiver selected as active
• Receiver switch on hardware alarm
11. Terminal Configurations
Hot Stand-by and Space Diversity
• Hardware availability improvement
• Improved radio path performance by receiver
switching on radio propagation alarm
- Multi-path fading
- Reflection
• h=80/f [GHz]
• Usually alarm will happen when signal is 10 dB more than threshold
• Consider wind load
12. Terminal Configurations
Working Stand-by and frequency diversity
2 radio channels
• Improved availability by hardware redundancy
• Improved propagation performance (Multi-path)
• Doesn’t effect ground reflection
• 2 radio channels
• 2 radio transmitting, 2 radio receiving
• 1 receiver selected as active
• Receiver switch on hardware and propagation alarm
• f2=1.05 f1
16. Indoor Units
• Access Termination Unit (ATU)
• Access Module Magazine
(AMM) with plug-in units:
- Ethernet Interface Unit (ETU),
optional
- Line Termination Unit (LTU),
optional
- Modem Unit (MMU)
- Node Processor Unit (NPU)
- Power Filter Unit (PFU)
- Switch Multiplexer Unit (SMU),
optional
17. AMM 2p
• Suitable for end sites and repeater sites
• Max 2 radio units
• Fitted in a rack or a wall
• power supply is integrated with NPU2 (-48 or +24)
18. AMM 6p
• Suitable for medium size hub sites
• Max 5 radio terminals
• Filled with NPU 8x2, MMU & LTU (16x2)
• For 1+1, MMUs should be adjacent and starting at even slots
• -48v connected to PFU (24 needs DC-DC kit)
19. AMM 20p
• Suitable for large size hub sites (Intersection of optical network and
microwave network
• NPU 8x2, one or two PFU1
• protected pairs in a 1+1 configuration are positioned in adjacent slots
starting with an even slot number
• FAU1 is fitted on top of the AMM
• AMM 20p is power supplied by -48 V DC connected to PFU or ICF
• Using 24 V DC needs DC/DC kit
20. Node Processor Unit (NPU
(
NPU implements the system’s main traffic and control functions
NPU2
AMM 2p
Add/drop possibility of 4xE1 traffic
USB port for on site management
NPU 8x2
AMM 6p and AMM 20p
Add/drop possibility of 8xE1 traffic
3 relay user outputs/ 3 relay user inputs
• Traffic handling and node central processor
• System control and supervision
• Embedded DCN router and element manager
• SNMP Master Agent
• 10BASE-T Ethernet interface for connection to a site LAN
• Storage and administration of inventory and configuration data
21. Modem Unit (MMU
(
• MMU is the indoor part of the radio terminal
• MMU determines the traffic capacity and
modulation
MMU 2:
- Modulation: CQPSK
- Capacity: 2x2, 4x2, 8x2, 17x2
- In case of 1+1, SMU is needed
MMU 2B:
- Modulation: CQPSK
- Capacity: 2x2, 4x2, 8x2, 17x2
- In case of 1+1, SMU is not needed
MMU 2C:
- CQPSK
4x2, 8x2, 17x2
- 16 QAM
8x2, 17x2, 32x2
- In case of 1+1, SMU is not needed
Hint:
•C-QPSK MMUs are compatible with RAU1,
RAU2, RAU 1N and RAU 2N
•16 QAM MMUs are compatible with RAU
1N and RAU 2N
ATU:
- Modulation: CQPSK
- Capacity: 2x2,4x2, 8x2, 16x2
- Single board solution for
unprotected configuration
23. Switch Multiplexer unit
(SMU
(
• Multiplexer: External traffic interfaces with
the following capacities (one at the time):
• 1 E3 + 1 E1
• 2 E2
• 2 E1
E1, E2 and E3 traffic interfaces may be used
for connection to MINI-LINK E on the same
site, or as interface to other external
equipment.
• 1+1 protection switching with MMU2
• 2x64 Kbit/s G.703 Digital Service Channels
• V.24 access server port interface used for
local SW upgrade or as terminal server for
O&M connection to co-sited MINI-LINK E
terminal
24. Line Termination Unit (LTU
(
LTU 12x2
•Used in AMM 2p, when 4 E1 of NPU
is not enough, 120 ohm balanced
LTU 16x2
•Used in AMM 6p and AMM 20p, when
8 E1 of NPU is not enough, 120 ohm
balanced
25. Power Filter Unit (PFU
(
Power Filter Unit 2 (PFU2(
• Power filter unit for AMM 6p
• -48V DC input
Power Filter Unit 1 (PFU1(
• Power filter unit for AMM 20p
• Two PFU1s configured for redundancy
• Half size to accommodate two units in one
full-height position
• Alarm interface towards FAU1
• -48V DC input
29. Configuration rules
• AMM 20p
- 1+1 with MMU2:
Starting at slots 2, 6, 14 or 18
- 1+1 with MMU2B/C
Starting at even slots except for slot 12
- 1+1 MSP
Staring at even slots
- No MMU in slot 12
- NPU in slot 11 and PFU in 0 and 01
• AMM 6p
- 1+1 with MMU2:
Staring at slot 2
- 1+1 with MMU 2B/C
Staring at slots 2 or 4
- 1+1 MSP
Staring at slots 2 or 4
- NPU in slot 7
30. MINI-LINK HC
Access Module Magazine (AMM
(
AMM 1U-1
2 Plug in units
Max 1 radio terminal
AMM 2u-4
4 plug in units
Max 2 radio terminals
U=44 mm
31. Modem Unit (MMU
(
Traffic rate: 155 + 2 Mbit/s
MMU 155/16: 16 QAM Modulation, 56 MHz Bandwidth
MMU 155/128: 128 QAM Modulation, 28 MHz Bandwidth
The main function of the MMU is to modulate the STM-1/OC-3 digital
data to an analogue signal suitable for microwave transmission and
demodulate the received signal from the RAU.
*Note: The MMU is fully independent of frequency of the transmitting radio
32. Traffic Unit (TRU
(
• One TRU per terminal in 1+0 and 1+1 (2 TRU in 1+1 ELP)
• Termination of traffic and O&M DCN
• Embedded IP router, Element Manager and terminal MIB
TRU EL
TRU OPT/EL
33. Interfaces
TRU
RJ-45
9 Pole D-SUB
9 Pole D-SUB
9 Pole D-SUB
SC/SC
9 Pole D-SUB
9 Pole D-SUB DIN 47297
1.0/ 2.3 mm
25 Pole D-SUB
E1/T1
FAN Alarm
64 Kbit/s G.703
User I/O
10BASE-T
O&M
64 Kbit/s V.11
STM-1 Opt. / OC-3
STM-1 El.
MMU
TNC
2 Pole D-SUB
LEDS
DC in RAU
