RF measurement and optimization Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

Soc Classification level
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
RF measurements quantities and
optimization

Content
• LTE RF measurement quantities in field measurements
– RSRP
– RSSI
– RSRQ
– SINR
– MIMO variants of these
– 3GPP defined measurement accuracy for UEs
• Measurement results with different measurement tools
• RF optimization

SINR vs. RSSI vs. RSRP and RSRQ

Field measurement parameters
• 3GPP is defining following measurements:
– RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power)
– RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality)
• Scanners and terminals are typically measuring following RF
quantities:
– RSRP
– RSRQ
– RSSI, Wideband channel power
– P-SCH, S-SCH power
– RS SINR, P-SCH/S-SCH SINR
• Understanding of different measurement quantities is very
important for field performance analysis.

RSRP, 3GPP definition
• RSRP is the average received power of a single RS resource element.
• UE measures the power of multiple resource elements used to transfer the
reference signal but then takes an average of them rather than summing them.
• Reporting range -44…-140 dBm
Definition Reference signal received power (RSRP), is defined as the linear average over the power
contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry cell-specific reference signals within the
considered measurement frequency bandwidth.
For RSRP determination the cell-specific reference signals R0 according TS 36.211 [3] shall be
used. If the UE can reliably detect that R1 is available it may use R1 in addition to R0 to determine
RSRP.
The reference point for the RSRP shall be the antenna connector of the UE.
If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall not be lower than the
corresponding RSRP of any of the individual diversity branches.
Applicable for RRC_IDLE intra-frequency,
RRC_IDLE inter-frequency,
RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency,
RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency
Note1: The number of resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth and within the
measurement period that are used by the UE to determine RSRP is left up to the UE implementation with the limitation
that corresponding measurement accuracy requirements have to be fulfilled.
Note 2: The power per resource element is determined from the energy received during the useful part of the symbol,
excluding the CP.

RSRP mapping 3GPP TS 36.133 V8.9.0 (2010-03)
• The reporting range of RSRP is defined from -140 dBm to -
44 dBm with 1 dB resolution.
• The mapping of measured quantity is defined in the table
below.
Reported value Measured quantity value Unit
RSRP_00 RSRP  -140 dBm
RSRP_01 -140  RSRP < -139 dBm
RSRP_02 -139  RSRP < -138 dBm
… … …
RSRP_95 -46  RSRP < -45 dBm
RSRP_96 -45  RSRP < -44 dBm
RSRP_97 -44  RSRP dBm

Reference Signals recap: OFDMA Channel
Estimation
• Channel estimation in LTE is based on reference signals (like CPICH functionality
in WCDMA)
• Reference signals position in time domain is fixed (0 and 4 for Type 1 Frame)
whereas in frequency domain it depends on the Cell ID
• In case more than one antenna is used (e.g. MIMO) the Resource elements
allocated to reference signals on one antenna are DTX on the other antennas
• Reference signals are modulated to identify the cell to which they belong.
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
subcarriers
symbols 6
0 symbols 6
0
subcarriers
According 3gpp spec, RSRP and RSSI measured at RS symbol instants only

RSSI
• RSSI not reported to eNodeB by UE
– Can be computed from RSRQ and RSRP that are reported by UE
• RSSI measures all power within the measurement
bandwidth
– Measured over those OFDM symbols that contain RS
– Measurement bandwidth RRC-signalled to UE

RSSI and RSRP
• RSSI = wideband power= noise + serving cell power + interference power
• Without noise and interference, 100% DL PRB activity: RSSI=12*N*RSRP
– RSRP is the received power of 1 RE (3GPP definition) average of power levels received
across all Reference Signal symbols within the considered measurement frequency
bandwidth
– RSSI is measured over the entire bandwidth
– N: number of RBs across the RSSI is measured and depends on the BW
• Based on the above, under full load and high SNR:
RSRP (dBm)= RSSI (dBm) -10*log (12*N)

RSSI versus RSRP, measurement with Samsung in
fully loaded 10MHz cell
RSRP versus RSSI for fully loaded cell, 10MHz system bandwidth (100% of REs active)
-125
-115
-105
-95
-85
-75
-93 -88 -83 -78 -73 -68 -63 -58 -53 -48
RSSI [dBm]
RSRP
[dBm]
Measurement: 95 dBm – 67 dBm
= 28 dB  agrees with theory
(27.8dB)

RSRP versus RSSI versus number of RBs,
Samsung BT-3710 example
• RSSI increases about 5dB when RB activity increases to 100%, 10MHz cell
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
Time, seconds
Power,
dBm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Number
of
RBs
SCell-RSSI(Com)
SCell-RSRP(Com)
RB Num(DL)
RSSI
increases
about 5-6dB
RSRP
independent
of cell load

RSRQ
• RSRQ = N x RSRP / RSSI
– N is the number of resource blocks over which the RSSI is
measured, typically equal to system bandwidth
– RSSI is pure wide band power measurement, including intracell
power, interference and noise
• RSRQ reporting range -3…-19.5dB
Definition Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier
RSSI), where N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. The
measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource
blocks.
E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), comprises the linear average of the
total received power (in [W]) observed only in OFDM symbols containing reference symbols for
antenna port 0, in the measurement bandwidth, over N number of resource blocks by the UE
from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel
interference, thermal noise etc.
The reference point for the RSRQ shall be the antenna connector of the UE.
If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall not be lower than the
corresponding RSRQ of any of the individual diversity branches.
Applicable for RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency,
RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

RSRQ reporting range
• RSRQ = N x RSRP / RSSI
– N is the number of resource blocks over which the RSSI is
measured, typically equal to system bandwidth
– RSSI is pure wide band power measurement, including intracell
power, interference and noise
• RSRQ reporting range -3…-19.5dB
RSRQ_00 RSRQ  -19.5 dB
RSRQ_01 -19.5  RSRQ < -19 dB
RSRQ_02 -19  RSRQ < -18.5 dB
… … …
RSRQ_32 -4  RSRQ < -3.5 dB
RSRQ_33 -3.5  RSRQ < -3 dB
RSRQ_34 -3  RSRQ dB

RSRQ and serving cell power
RSRQ = RSRP / (RSSI/N), N = number of PRBs
• RSSI = noise + serving cell power + interference power during RS symbol
RSRQ depends on serving cell power and the number of Tx antennas
• Impact of serving cell power to RSRQ:
Example for noise limited case (no interference):
If all resource elements are active and are transmitted with equal power then
RSRQ = N / 12N = -10.8 dB for 1Tx
RSRQ = N / 20N = -13 dB for 2Tx, taking DTX into account
(because RSRP is measured over 1 resource element and RSSI per resource
block is measured over 12 resource elements). Remember that RSSI is only
measured at those symbol times during which RS REs are transmitted.
When there is no traffic, and assuming only the reference symbols are transmitted
(there are 2 of them within the same symbol of a resource block) from a single
Tx antenna then the RSSI is generated by only the 2 reference symbols so the
result becomes;
RSRQ = N / 2N = -3 dB for 1Tx
RSRQ = -6dB for 2Tx. Quiz: where does this value come from?

SINR definition
• SINR is the reference value used in the system simulation
• SINR can be defined:
1. Wide band SINR
2. SINR for a specific subcarriers (or for a specific resource elements)
• SINR = S/(I+N), all measured over the same bandwidth
• Most drive test UEs and scanners support SINR or
SNR measurement
 Example: LG supports RS SNR measurement
 Example: Samsung BT-3710 measures CINR from RS (e-mail info from
Samsung)

SNR vs. RSRP
• RSRP to SNR mapping
• RSRP is measured for a single subcarrier
– noisepower_for_15KHz= -125.2dBm
 Noise figure = 7 dB
 Temperature = 290 K
• Assumption: RSRP doesn’t contain noise power
power
noise
KHz
P
P
RSRP
SNR
RE
n
RE
n
_
_
15
_
_


RSRP vs. SNR
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
-135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70
RSRP (dBm)
SNR
(dB)
SNR
This curve gives upper limit to
SINR with certain RSRP. SINR
is always lower than SNR in
live network due to
interference.

SNR vs. RSRP, measurement, Samsung BT-3710
SINR versus RSRP, measurement
-125
-115
-105
-95
-85
-75
-7 -2 3 8 13 18 23
SINR [dB]
RSRP
[dBm]
Fading channel measurement, drive test.
With Samsung not very strong
correlation between CINR and
RSRP

RSRQ to SINR mapping
• RSRQ depends on own cell traffic load, but SINR doesn’t depend on own
cell load.
– Used Resource Elements per Resource Block (RE/RB) in serving cell is an
input parameter for RSRQ -> SINR mapping
– Assumption: RSRP doesn’t contain noise power
RSSI
RSRP
N
RSRQ
P
xN
RSRP
P
RSSI
RBs
N
used
RB
RE
x
xN
P
P
P
P
N
RSRP
SINR
N
n
i
RE
n
xN
n
N
n
i
*
*
#
_
/
12
*
12
_
_
_
12
_










x
RSRQ
xN
RSRP
RSRQ
RSRP
N
N
RSRP
SINR




1
12
*
*
12
*

RSRQ to SINR mapping
• Equation used:
– x=RE/RB
• 2RE/RB equals to empty cell. Only
Reference Signal power is
considered from serving cell.
• 12RE/RB equals to fully loaded
serving cell. All resource elements
are carrying data.
• In practice, mapping from RSRQ to
SINR seems difficult
– Currently available measurement
UEs and scanners report SINR
directly
x
RSRQ
SINR


1
12
RSRP vs. SNR
-15.00
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
-135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70
RSRP (dBm)
SNR
(dB)
SNR
RSRQ vs SINR
-10.00
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3
RSRQ (dB)
SINR
(dB)
2 RE/RB
4 RE/RB
6 RE/RB
8 RE/RB
10 RE/RB
12 RE/RB
Difficult to estimate SINR in this
region from RSRQ, SINR very
sensitive to RSRQ and cell load

RSRQ to SINR mapping, scanner measurement
• Lab measurements matches well the
calculated results
• Measured with Agilent scanner
– RSRP
– RSRQ
– Reference signal SINR
• Cable connection between BTS and
scanner
– Attenuator used to reduce signal level
– No traffic = only control channels and
reference signals
– Full traffic load = data send in each RB
Note: Validity of formulae have been
proven in lab under above conditions
and with only one cell on air ( i.e. no
other cell interference). Measurements
from the field will differ as exact load can
not be set
SINR vs. RSRQ
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
RSRQ
SINR
Measured - full traffic Caculated - no traffic Calculated - full traffic load Measured - no traffic
SNR vs. RSRP
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-140 -135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 -85 -80
RSRP
SNR
Measured-full traffic
Calculated
Measured - no traffic

RSRP vs. DL throughput
Example measurement
•Drive test, 20MHz BW, ~2.6GHz
•FTP download, no other interfering traffic in the network
RSRP vs. throughput
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
-130
-128
-126
-124
-122
-120
-118
-116
-114
-112
-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
-94
-92
-90
-88
-86
-84
-82
-80
-78
-75
dBm
Mbps

SINR vs. DL throughput
Example measurement
•Drive test, 20MHz BW, ~2.6GHz
SINR vs. throughput
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
dB
Mbps

MIMO variants
Terminals used with drive test tool report RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ per
receive antenna
• RSRP
– RSRP0 measured at rx antenna 0 (avg. power of RS CEs from tx1 & tx2 ?)
– RSRP1 measured at rx antenna 1 (avg. power of RS CEs from tx1 & tx2 ?)
• Antenna-based RSSI and RSRP measurements can detect rx branch
power imbalance
Some scanners can report RSRP and SINR for both tx-branches by
measuring only with single antenna.
• RSRP
– RSRP1tx, measured RS CEs from tx1
– RSRP2tx, measured RS CEs from tx2

MIMO variants, measurement, Samsung (1)
• Example: RSSI measured by UE
• Note rx power imbalance between receive antenna branches
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
02/18/2010
14:13:33.716
02/18/2010
14:15:16.143
02/18/2010
14:16:58.647
02/18/2010
14:18:40.153
02/18/2010
14:20:22.159
02/18/2010
14:22:03.167
time
RSSI
[dBm]
Average of SCell-RSSI(Com)
Average of RSSI(Ant0)
Average of RSSI(Ant1)
Time
Data

• Example: RSRQ measured by UE
• Note that no notable RSRQ imbalance between receive antenna
branches
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
02/18/2010
14:13:33.716
02/18/2010
14:15:16.143
02/18/2010
14:16:58.647
02/18/2010
14:18:40.153
02/18/2010
14:20:22.159
02/18/2010
14:22:03.167
time
RSRQ
[dB]
Average of RSRQ(Ant0)
Average of RSRQ(Ant1)
Time
Data

• Example: RSRP measured by UE with one external antenna (one
external antenna rx1 + one internal antenna used rx2)
• Note rx big power imbalance between receive antenna branches
RSRP from ant1 (external) and ant2
-95
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73
sec
dBm
Ant 1
Ant 2

Channel correlation
•Channel correlation impacts on MIMO performance
– If the correlation is high, SM mode doesn’t increse throughput even with
high SINR (compared to Tx diversite mode).
•Channel correlation is not usually reported by DT tools or
scanners.
– Can be estimated by following Rank Indicator (RI) reported by UE and
SINR measurements.
– Some terminals (LG) report correlation matrix to DT tool.

EPA03, change of correlation, MIMO subchannel
throughputs, from fading simulator, LG terminal, 20MHz,
2.6GHz, SINR=25dB
50 100 150 200 250
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
PHY tput for substreams, EPA 3km/h, 2.6GHz, 3GPP low, medium, high correlation
time, seconds
PHY
tput
[Mbits/sec]
stream 1
stream 2
stream 1 + stream 2
High spatial
correlation
medium spatial
correlation
low spatial
correlation
High spatial correlation causes rank-1 transmission even at high SNR (second stream
tput almost zero)

Measurement accuracy requirement, 3GPP TS
36.133 (simplified)
• RSRP absolute accuracy under normal conditions
– ± 6dB intra-frequency and inter-frequency
– Needed for setting random access pre-amble tx power and triggering
coverage-based handover (A5)
• RSRP relative accuracy between two cells under normal conditions
– ± 2dB intra-frequency
– ± 6dB inter-frequency
– For triggering better cell handover (A3)
• RSRP reporting range in signalling (handovers)
RSRP_00 RSRP  -140 dBm
RSRP_01 -140  RSRP < -139 dBm
RSRP_02 -139  RSRP < -138 dBm
… … …
RSRP_95 -46  RSRP < -45 dBm
RSRP_96 -45  RSRP < -44 dBm
RSRP_97 -44  RSRP dBm

Measurement accuracy requirement, 3GPP TS
36.133 (simplified)
• RSRQ absolute accuracy under normal conditions
– ± 2.5dB intra-frequency and inter-frequency
• RSRQ relative accuracy between two cells under normal conditions
– ± 3dB inter-frequency (intra-frequency not defined)
• RSRQ reporting range in RRC signalling (handovers)
RSRQ_00 RSRQ  -19.5 dB
RSRQ_01 -19.5  RSRQ < -19 dB
RSRQ_02 -19  RSRQ < -18.5 dB
… … …
RSRQ_32 -4  RSRQ < -3.5 dB
RSRQ_33 -3.5  RSRQ < -3 dB
RSRQ_34 -3  RSRQ dB

Measurement results with different
measurement tools

Measurement differences
Scanners and terminals have own specific algorithms for RF
measurements.
RSRP
•Can be measured from the whole bw or from part of the bw.
RSRQ
•RSSI, used in the RSRQ definition, can be measured from the whole bw or
from part of the bw.
SINR
•Measured from Reference Signal or from Synchronization channel.
Other differences
•Averaging methods
•Sampling rate
•Receiver sensitivity
•Cell info decoding capabilities

Impact of serving cell traffic, SINR
•Measurement location is in the middle of
the dominance area (high RSRP and SINR).
•UE SINR is impacted by own cell load.
•PCTel RS SINR is impacted slightly by own
cell load.
•S-SCH SINR is not impacted by own cell
load
SINR and throughput
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 31 61 91 121 151 181 211 241 271 301 331 361 391 421
sec
dB/Mbps
PCTel SSYNC
PCTel RS
R&S SSYNC
UE
DL Troughput
R&S S-SCH SINR
PCTel S-SCH SINR
PCTel RS SINR
PCTEL, R&S, UE
Neighbour cell RS
SINR

Impact of serving cell traffic, RSRQ
•R&S RSRQ is not
reacting at all to own
cell traffic.
Download started in
the serving cell
RSRQ
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 309 323 337 351 365 379 393 407 421
sec
dB
PCTel
R&S
UE
PCTEL, R&S, UE
PCTel RSRQ
R&S RSRQ

Impact of intra eNodeB interference on SINR
Both cell in idle state
(no traffic)
Download started in
the serving (blue) cell
Download started in
the neighbor (red) cell
Download stopped in
the neighbor (red) cell
Neighbor (red) cell
shut down
R&S S-SCH SINR
PCTel S-SCH SINR
PCTel RS SINR
PCTEL, R&S, UE

SINR
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 309 323 337 351 365 379
sec
dB
UE
PCTel SSYNC
PCTel RS
R&S SSYNC
Impact of intra eNodeB interference, SINR
Both cell in idle state
(no traffic)
Download started in
the serving cell
Download started in
the neighbor cell
Download stopped in
the neighbor cell
Neighbor cell
shut down
Big variance on SINR
measurements,
depending on:
•Measurement method
•Measurement equipment
PCTEL, R&S, UE

RSRP
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 131 144 157 170 183 196 209 222 235 248 261 274 287 300 313 326 339 352 365 378
sec
dBm
UE
PCTel
R&S
RSRQ
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 131 144 157 170 183 196 209 222 235 248 261 274 287 300 313 326 339 352 365 378
sec
dB
UE
PCtel
R&S
Impact of intra eNodeB interference,RSRP & RSRQ
Download started in
the serving cell Neighbor cell
shut down
PCTEL, R&S, UE
•PCTel and R&S are showing
similar average RSRP
• UE used internal antenna
• scanners were connected to the
same external antenna using a
power splitter
• RSRQ values are quite different
for UE, R&S and PCTel
• RSRP seems like the most
reliable based on this
measurement

Impact of intra eNodeB interference, RSRQ
Download started in
the serving (blue) cell
Neighbor (red) cell
shut down
PCTel RSRQ
R&S RSRQ
PCTEL, R&S, UE

Impact of inter site
neighbor, SINR
PCTEL, JDSU, UE
SINR serving cell
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145
sec
dB
JDSU RS31
PCTel RS31
PCTel S-SCH31
UE 31
SINR neighbor cell
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145
sec
dB
JDSU RS34
PCTel RS34
PCTel S-SCH34
Download started in
the serving cell
•Measurement location is
between sites at the cell edge
•Serving cell SINR is not
impacted by own cell traffic.
•Neighbor cell SINR is
decreased by serving cell traffic.

Driving, idle vs. download RSRP
No traffic (ping only) on serving cell
FTP download on serving cell
PCTel RSRP
R&S RSRP
PCTel RSRP
R&S RSRP
PCTEL, R&S, UE

Summary
•Absolute SINR measurement values can’t be used as a
reliable performance indicator.
– Operators should be educated, not to believe blindly measured SINR
values.
– Relative SINR changes can be used as performance indicator, if the
same measurement tool is used all the time.
•SINR measured from S-SCH and RS behaves differently
depending on the interference situation (intra/inter eNodeB).
•Detailed SINR measurement methods of the terminals and
scanners are not known.
• The most robust and reliable measurement quantity seems to
be RSRP

RF optimization

RF optimization
Basic RF planning is important
•Clear cell dominance areas
•Avoid sites shooting over large areas with other cells
Antenna tilting has big impact on other cell interference, at least
in planning tool estimates
•No LTE reference measurements available

Example from 3HK trial – reusing 3G sites
Improving performance by blocking excess cells
• Overall SINR is improved due to
reduction of inter-cell interference
• Locations with improved SINR are
visible on the map
• Improvement in throughput is even
more significant (see next slide)
FT_04.1 Mobility DT DL - SINR comparison
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
SI NR (dB)
C
DF
%
All cells
Blocked cells
All cells
Blocked cells
Ave SINR improved
from 15.2dB to 17.4dB

Example from 3HK trial – reusing 3G sites
Improving performance by blocking excess cells
FT_04.1 Mobility DT DL - Throughput comparison
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
Phy D
L t put (M
bps)
C
DF
%
All cells
Blocked cells
Ave throughput improved
from 23.34Mbps to
26.78Mbps, i.e. 14.7%
Key message:
• The number of LTE cells when converted
from all existing 3G sites seem to be more
than sufficient, and cell overlapping and
hence inter-cell interference seems to be
excessive in outdoor environment.
• Careful planning and cell/antenna
selection process, and initial RF tuning is
important to the LTE field performance
All cells
Blocked cells

Detecting interference - SINR
•SINR measurements can indicate interference areas, but it
doesn’t necessarily see all interference sources:
– Impacted by network load. Traffic in the neighboring cells will reduce
Serving cell SINR.
– Depends on the measurement method (RS or SCH) and tool
– Depends on PCI planning (RS SINR)

Detecting interference RSRP
•RSRP measurement with scanner is the most reliable way to
detect areas with possible interference problems.
– Not impacted by network load

RF measurement and optimization Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to RF measurement and optimization Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

Similar to RF measurement and optimization Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES (20)

More from EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES

More from EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

RF measurement and optimization Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES