20320140506005 2

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 37-54 © IAEME
37
EVALUATION OF THE DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND THE
EFFICIENCY OF AL-HAWIJA WATER TREATMENT PLANT: A CASE
STUDY IN IRAQ
Rodhan Abdullah salih
Al-Hawija Technical Institute,
Foundation of Technical Education/Iraq
ABSTRACT
In this paper laboratory tests measured the concentrations of some of the physical, chemical
and biological properties to assess the efficiency of Al- Hawija water treatment plant and the quality
of drinking water. Samples were taking of raw and treated water .The process repeated every month
and for the period of November 2013 -April 2014. The results of physical and chemical examination
of raw water are within the limits of the standard specifications of the World Health Organization
(WHO). Experimental based evaluation work with efficient final results. Research work ensures the
quality of drinking water. The evaluation of the efficiency of the stages of conventional treatment
showed that the plant operated by efficiently (65.97) % of sedimentation stage. Filtration efficiently
of the plant ranged between (59-75 %).The efficiency of sterilization is good except for the month of
November 2013 (86%) and the months of March and April 2014 (80% and 82 %), respectively.
SPSS statistical program used for the purpose of conducting statistical analyzes of the characteristics
of the raw and treated water, and found a positive correlation(R) between some of significantly
characteristics.
Key word: Efficiency, Treatment Plant, Quality, Water.
1-INTRODUCTION
Iraq faced dozen of years since a significant lack of services provided to citizens and comes
on top of these services, the processing of drinking water quality and conforms to the specifications
of World Records. To achieve this purpose, drinking water treatment plants, should be characterized
by high efficiency. Allaa M. Aenab, S.K. Singh [1] indicates that 80 % of Iraq does not treat their
water before drinking. Drinking water is a natural water where there are standards and determinants
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ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
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Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 37-54
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38
of physical, chemical and bacteriological to the World Health Organization, whether a piece of
natural source like a river or spring, or after a purification [2] .Drinking water was a water that can
be addressed through drinking by humans [3, 4], or a water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking
water is potable water or can be defined as the water is not harmful to humans or non-polluting pretty
unhealthy [5]. Water resources suffer of many changes of physical, chemical and biological
characterize, and these changes lead to contamination of the water. Iraq government institutions in to
conduct measurements to examine the levels of dissolved solids and metal elements tests as one of
the basic criteria for measuring the quality of surface water and the variables that are going to the
Tigris and Euphrates, One of these tests: - Cl, sulfates So4, total dissolved solids TDS and other tests
and these tests are considered part of the indicators of water quality and the level of suitability for
human use.
2-PREVIOUS STUDIES
The researcher Khalid Mohammed Shaheen[6]conduct an assessment study of AL-Qubba
water treatment plants (AL- Mosul city, Iraq ).He was compared the results of chemical and physical
tests of raw and treated water with the standard specifications of the World Health Organization. The
study showed good efficiency of the plant in removal of turbidity and suspended solids, in spite of
the lack of efficiency acceptable to remove hardness and dissolved solids .The researcher showed
why the piece does not contain the station concerned and means to facilitate the water, and also to
the excessive use of aluminum sulfate (alum.) in the process of coagulation. Lower deposition
efficiency because of PH values was greater than the values appropriate to the interaction o
aluminum sulfate and this leading to ionization of aluminum hydroxide and dissolution in water.
Performance of Al-Dewanyia Water Treatment Plant in Iraq [7] is an essential parameter to be
monitored and evaluated to better understanding of design and operating difficulties in water
treatment plants. This evaluation may determine required recommendations and highlight
modification requirements for continuous design and operating schemes. The evaluation was carried
out by reviewing the engineering design to assure matching of standards and codes. Also, physical
turbidity and TSS (total suspended solids), and biological, analysis were conducted to investigate
water quality. Treated water is not conforming to (WHO). Ali Hammed Mohammed; Alaa A.Shakir
[8] evaluated the performance of AL-wahdaa project drinking water treatment plant, Baghdad, Iraq.
In this study, the removal efficient of filtration; sedimentation will be addressed as well as the
turbidity during three years of investigation. It was found that the average value of the removal of
sedimentation was about 46% (R ² = 0.902) and the rate of filtration efficiency 75% (R ² =
0.445).The total rate of turbidity values was (18 NTU) which is more than the permissible limits
according to WHO standards, and high values TDS (total dissolved solids), especially during the
month of January due to high turbidity discharge.
This research aims to study the efficiency of the stages of conventional treatment
(sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) and the water quality of Hawija water treatment plant in
the city of Hawija (One of the largest cities of Kirkuk governorate, Iraq ) 70 km to the southwest of
the governorate. The number of beneficiaries from the station about 88 thousand people [9]. It is one
of the biggest stations in the city. It was constructed in 2004 .The total area of the station is (50000)
m ² and a design capacity of 1833 m³ / h [9]. The station supplied with water from the AL-Hawija
River and coordinates the global system (E = 43˚46'10 "), (N = 35˚ 20' 15") as shown in Fig. (1).

39
Fig.1: An Aerial Photograph of AL-Hawija Water Treatment Plant
3-DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT
3.1. Intake
It is located on AL-Hawija water table in the depth of 5 meter, a rubber protector to prevent
the entry of floating material. The Low Lift Pump contains 4 plugs on the pump uploaded the raw
water, 3 of them are working and the one –pump is standby. The discharge of each pump is 700m³/h;
the head pressure of water is 4m. These pumps are meant to raise the water from the river to the
Rapid mixing basin.
.
3.2. The Purification Process
3.2.1 The rapid mixing Process is the first treatment step for water after receives it from intake.
Aluminum Sulfate added and is mix ing with raw water by flash mixer.
3.2.2 Sedimentations Basins Water entry from basins mixing speed directly to the clarifier the first
of which is (20 m*22 m)and has sweeping clays at the bottom and the installation from the top
makes it work sweeping clays floating and make up on this machine in practice moves water then to
the basin sedimentation, who has the same dimensions of the basin the first but does not contain
sweeping clays and both basins of the depth of each and middle are grouped clays in the medium is
pulled by located in the center for this purpose.
3.2.3 Filtration Basins Water is pumped from the basin of sedimentation to the second filter presses
that are working on the plant, as there are ten filters; the area of each filter is 40 m².
3.2.4 Disinfection stage After the withdrawal of water from the filters passes to the serialization
room which located behind filters where added chlorine and other disinfectants before the passage of
water into a reservoir of treated water.

40
3.2.5 The flocculation stage is the second step in purifying the raw water which is held in the basin
of flocculation which is round basin contains inanimate to increase the surface area. It is of concrete
column which is medley .Raw water is mixed with aluminum sulfate at the bottom of the basin, then
the water goes into the sintering after a period of 30 minutes and then to sedimentation basins. The
duration time of water or that the water remains in sedimentation basins is (2-4) hours. Fig. (2): the
basic components of AL- Hawija water treatment plant.
Fig.2: the basic components of AL- Hawija water treatment plant.
4. DATA PROCUREMENT
4.1-Sampling collection
The samples were collected for the examination of physical and chemical properties by the
plastic cans (one-liter).Samples were taken from the raw and treated water. The physical and
chemical properties of the samples were conducted by the equipment available in the laboratories of
the Department of Water Resources /AL- Hawija Technical Institute, Kirkuk /Iraq, as one sample
every month. Turbidity was measured using a device (micro 100 IR Turbidity Meter), while the PH,
EC, TDS, sulfates and nitrates have been measured by using a device (Multi-Parameter PCS Tester
Tm 3s). Alkanets, Chloride, Total Hardness, calcium, Magnesium were measured by titration. For
Biological examination, samples were collected by sterile plastic bottles, for the period from
November 2013 to April 2014, and tested according to standard methods adopted in the collection,
preservation and analysis of samples [10].
Column deposition is made for the purpose of estimating the efficiency of sedimentation,
which is a tube of aluminum in diameter (200 mm) and height (2.5 m); with openings for sampling at
different heights from the base which is (0.5 0.1, 1.5 0.2, 2.5 m) as shown in Fig.3
1-Well clouds
2-The low lift pumps
3-Well assembly
4-Sedimentation basins
5-Filters
6-Ground Reservoir
7-Pumps Lifting Higher
8-Sediment tank
assembly
9-Higher reservoir
Tothe
distribution
network
1-Well suction
3-Well assembly
5-Filters
6-Ground Reservoir
7- High Lift Pumps
8-Sediment tank
assembly
9-Higher reservoir
10 11
1-Well suction
3-Well assembly
5-Filters
6-Ground Reservoir
7- High Lift Pumps
8-Sediment tank assembly
9-Higher reservoir
10-Aluminum sulfate House
11-Chlorination house

41
Fig.3: Sedimentation column
Samples were taken from the raw water and was measured the concentration of initial
suspended solids (Co) in units of mg / l. Sedimentation column was full with raw water from rapid
mixing basin which has a concentration of homogeneous suspended solids through various depths.
Samples was taken from the same depths and at different time periods that represented the detention
time (1, 2, 4) an hour and then calculated a concentration of particles that are less than the speed of
sedimentation h/t, where h = the depth at which it took the form, t = period of sedimentation [11,
12].These results can be plotted curves of changes in the distribution of sedimentation as given in
Figure 4.
Fig.4: Curve of analysis sedimentation for free particle.
‫بيسرتلا‬ ‫ةعرس‬ v
‫روكذملا‬‫نم‬‫لقا‬‫ةعرس‬‫وذ‬‫تاميسجلا‬‫=ةبسن‬c
Fractionwithsettingvelocitylessthanstated
Velocity mm/sec

42
The rate of overflow Q = Vs A, where Vs= velocity of sedimentation, A=area, the
molecules that have a speed greater than the Vs sedimentation will remain entirely. The ratio of the
particle to be removed (1-CO) as: -
CO = the proportion of the remaining particles, the ratio of the particle sedimentation velocity, which
has less than Vs be V/Vs [11, 12].
Therefore, the concentration of particles to be removed can be found from the following equation
[12]: -
-------------------- (1)
Total removal of water is: -
∫+−=
oC
s
o vdc
V
CC
0
1
)1( ------------------------- (2)
Extent of integration in the equation (2) above can be found from the graph or use
approximate theory or the theory of Newton Simpson _ Rap soon.
4.2- Estimation the efficiency of sand filters
When the water is passing through a layer of sand containing suspended solids, much of the
loose material will be removed, although removal of these materials get into the pores due to a
combination of physical and chemical processes, and is estimated efficiency of the filters by finding
total suspended solids before water is entering the filters and after it is leaving them and by applying
the following equation [13, 14]: -
Efficiency filters% = 1 - (total suspended solids of the water out of the filters / total suspended solids
of water prior to their entry to the filters) * 100. --------------- --- (3)
4.3-Estimation the efficiency of sterilization
Water Sterilization is to kill microorganisms that cause disease that the water contains, and
chlorine used widely in water sterilizing. Bacteria and pathological material needed to be sterilized
but non-toxic to humans. Specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO) considers that the
water is drinkable if it contained the number of total bacterial cells less than 50 in 100 ml and was
free of E.coli.
The efficiency of sterilization can calculate of the following equation [15]:
Sterilization efficiency% = 1 - (number of pathogenic bacteria for treated water / number of
Pathogenic bacteria of raw water) 100---------------------- (4)
5-CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
5.1-Sedimentation efficiency
After collecting samples from the sedimentation column and at different depths and at
different times, suspended solids were calculated which remains in each sample and the results as
shown in table (1)
∫
oc
s
Vdc
V 0
1

43
Table (1): the concentration of suspended solids in the sedimentation basin
Estimation settling velocity and the percentage of materials that have suspended speed
Sedimentation less than the designated speed and the results were as shown in table (2).
Table (2): speeds calculations and the suspended solids%
remaining
material%
removed
%material
Speed
)mm / sec(
Time (sec)Depth (mm)
58420.1393600500
39610.0697200500
42580.03514400500
55450.27736001000
37630.13872001000
35650.069144001000
79210.41636001500
65350.20872001500
51490.014144001500
79210.55636002000
65350.27872002000
58420.138144002000
86140.67436002500
77230.34772002500
65350.174144002500
Draw a curved distribution of total suspended solids in the water by the percentage of total
suspended solids in the liquid out of the sedimentation basin with sedimentation velocity, as shown
in Fig. 5.
Discharge of each sedimentation basins = Design plants discharge / number of basins – (5)
= 1833/3 = 611 m³ / h = 0.169 m ³ / sec
Sedimentation basin area = (15) ² × 3.14 = 706.5 m ²
Design speed (Vs) = Discharge / Area ---------------------- (6)
= 0.169 / 706.5 = 0.000239 m / sec = 0.239 mm / sec.
From the distribution curve for the remaining suspended solids and design speed (Vs =0.239),
we can calculate the remaining suspended solids corresponding to the design speed which is equal to
69%, which represents the (Co) in the equation (2). The efficiency of the sedimentation basin
calculated by the equation of removal , after finding space between the curved distribution of total
Depth of
the sample
(m)
The concentration of suspended solids (mg / L)
Detention time (time of sedimentation) / h
0 1 2 4
0.5 396 168 244 232
1 396 180 250 257
1.5 396 83 139 192
2 396 83 138 166
2.5 396 55 91 138

44
suspended materials and the y-axis; and the horizontal line that passes the value of (Co) of the curve
which is equal to (8.36) as follows: -
E %= (100 – 69) + (1/0.239) * 8.36 = 65.97 %
Fig.5: Distribution curve for residual suspended solids
5.2-Filters Efficiency
Total suspended solids (TSS) for the water before and after filters is calculated and filters
efficiency is computed by applying equation (3) as listed in Table 3.
%Table 3: shows the TSS of water outside and inside of the filters and filtration efficiency
%Filters efficiencyTSS of water
outside filters
TSS of water entering
the filters
Month
642056November
751666December
591844January
633390February
712380March
69.72686April
612872May
67.31752June
It is clear from these results that the filtration efficiency ranged between 59% in the month of
January and 75% in the month of December.
5.3-The efficiency of sterilization
Table (4) and figs (6), (7) and (8) shows the biological properties of water plant and free
residual chlorine and sterilization efficient of the samples taken from the plant for the duration of the
study, and determine the total number of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. The efficiency of
sterilization can by calculated applying equation (4). Plant efficiency in the treatment of E-coli(

45
pathogenic) bacteria was good throughout the study period, except for the month of November 2013
(86%), this is due to the broken sewer pipes and water mixing of water network through some of the
defects and shortcomings occurring; and the months of March and April 2014 (80%, 82%),
respectively so as not to add chlorine gas. Sterilization process stopped once and for the period of
early 2014 and until mid-April of the same year .The security authorities is lifting the bottles of
chlorine gas from the station once and for unknown reasons.
Table (4): biological characteristics and free residual chlorine and sterilization efficiency
Sterilization
efficiency %
E-coli for treated
water / 100 ml
E-coli for
raw water /
100 ml
Total
bacteria
treated
water / 100
ml
Total
bacteria raw
water / 100
ml
Free
chlorine
mg / l
Month
86107030501.1Nov.
1000100401002.6Dec.
100050502002.8Jan.
100032351002.5Feb.
802010090250---March
8252860180---April
Fig.6: The total number of bacteria
Fig.7: The number of E-coli (pathogenic) bacteria
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Nov Dec Jan Feb March Apr
Months
Totalbacteria
raw water
Treated water
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Months
Pathagonicbacteria
raw water
treated water

46
Fig.8: Plant efficiency for E-coli( pathogenic) bacteria
5.4-Water quality
The physical and chemical characteristics for raw and treated water were examined including
temperature, turbidity, PH, electrical conductivity, Alkanets, total hardness, calcium, magnesium,
chloride, sulfate, TDS, suspended solids and nitrates and listed in tables (5) and (6).
Table (5): physical and chemical characteristics of the raw water
MonthTem.
C˚
Tur.
NTU
PHE.C
µm/cm
ALK.
mg/l
T.H
mg/l
Ca
mg/l
Mg
mg/l
Cl
mg/l
So4
mg/l
TDS
mg/l
TSS
mg/l
No3
mg/l
Nov19508.2480115304757016143380332.57
Dec12238.1423175307565115498595203.8
Jan10337.9409139350804019683677373.75
Feb9398.14902013001025118346353672.77
March16258430100308105522661073711603.6
Apr26197.9456117303120602631275991433.89
May3015847014530812563219109583312.38
Average17.429.18451141.7311.494.755.220687.5508.270.13.2
Table (6): physical and chemical characteristics of the treated water
MonthTem.
C˚
Tur.
NTU
P
H
C E.
µm/cm
ALK
.
mg/l
T.H
mg/l
Ca
mg/l
Mg
mg/l
Cl
mg/l
So4
mg/l
TDS
mg/l
TSS
mg/l
No3
Mg/
l
Nov203.67.9476111301726414340372312.4
Dec134.97.8418160362514812393567183.7
Jan116.57.7407126335783317478671353.65
Feb105.68482196295934716639348632.4
March183.97.9426143298974924098366573.2
Apr252.37.844810829611154245117574413.63
May315.57.64661362901175720989560282.15
Average18.24.67.8446.114031188.450.21857949442.53.01
WHO-56.5
-
8.5
16002505001501002502501000-50
These tables show that all the properties of the treated water within the international standard
specifications WHO [16], and that the advantage of the characteristics of the raw water quality is
good. Figs (9-19) describe the variation of physical and chemical characteristics of the raw and
treated water with time.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Months
Efficiency%
Treated water

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp.
Fig.9: Variation of Turbidity with time
Fig.
Fig.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nov
Turbidity(NTU)
6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 6, June (2014), pp. 37-54 © IAEME
47
9: Variation of Turbidity with time
Fig.10: Variation of PH with time
Fig.11: Variation of E.C with time
Dec Jan Feb March Apr May
Time (month)
Raw water
Treated water
May

Fig.12: Variation of ALK with time
Fig.
Fig.
48
12: Variation of ALK with time
Fig.13: Variation of T.H with time
Fig.14: Variation of Ca with time

Fig.
Fig
Fig.
49
Fig.15: Variation of Mg with time
Fig.16: Variation of Cl with time
Fig.17: Variation of So4 with time

Fig.18: Variation of TDS with time
Fig.
6-STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS
SPSS statistical program was used for the purpose of conducting statistical analysis of the
characteristics of the raw and treated water, and found a positive correlation significantly among
some of the physical and chemical characteristics.
correlation(R) of the raw and treated water. Table (7) illustrates the interdependence of the raw
water. Table (8), which illustrates the interdependence of the treated water. A p
significant can be seen among some of the physical and chemical characteristics, but the high value
of a positive correlation of raw water can be seen between Ca and Cl(R=0.8510. A positive
correlation significant of treated water can
0.874).
50
18: Variation of TDS with time
Fig.19: Variation of No3 with time
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS
physical and chemical characteristics. Tables (7) and (8) show the matrix of
water. Table (8), which illustrates the interdependence of the treated water. A positive correlation
correlation significant of treated water can be seen between Cl and all of So4, TSS, (R = 0.71), (R =
Tables (7) and (8) show the matrix of
ositive correlation
be seen between Cl and all of So4, TSS, (R = 0.71), (R =

51
Table (7): correlation matrix for raw water
TemTur.PHECALKT.HCaMgClSo4TDSTSSNo3
TemPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-.440
0.323
7
-.533
0.218
7
0.332
0.467
7
-.552
0.199
7
-.553
0.198
7
0.672
0.099
7
0.665
0.103
7
0.543
0.208
7
0.419
0.349
7
0.123
0.793
7
-.274
0.553
7
-.351
0.44
7
Tur.Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-.296
0.52
7
-.192
0.679
7
0.503
0.249
7
0.344
0.451
7
-.213
0.646
7
-.626
0.132
7
-.424
0.343
7
-.357
0.432
7
0.27
0.558
7
-.065
0.889
7
-.156
0.739
7
PHPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.337
0.46
7
0.437
0.327
7
-.170
0.716
7
-.244
0.598
7
0.124
0.791
7
-.165
0.723
7
-.500
0.253
7
-.817*
0.025
7
0.648
0.115
7
-.103
0.826
7
ECPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.17
0.716
7
-.713
0.072
7
0.381
0.398
7
0.693
0.084
7
-.033
0.943
7
-.583
0.17
7
-.600
0.154
7
0.277
0.548
7
-.857*
0.014
7
ALKPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.122
0.795
7
-.161
0.731
7
-.301
0.512
7
-.322
0.481
7
-.372
0.412
7
-.374
0.409
7
0.423
0.345
7
-.219
0.637
7
T.HPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-.834*
0.02
7
-.507
0.245
7
-.633
0.127
7
0.145
0.756
7
0.507
0.245
7
-.579
0.173
7
0.659
0.108
7
CaPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.216
0.642
7
.851*
0.015
7
0.306
0.505
7
-.036
0.939
7
0.429
0.337
7
-.362
0.425
7
MgPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.048
0.918
7
-.137
0.77
7
-.468
0.289
7
-.173
0.711
7
-.573
0.179
7
ClPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.613
0.143
7
0.021
0.964
7
0.457
0.302
7
0.075
0.874
7
So4Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
0.556
0.195
7
-.222
0.633
7
0.628
0.131
7
TDSPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-.614
0.142
7
0.56
0.191
7
TSSPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-.193
0.678
7
No3Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7

52
Table (8): matrix correlation for treated water
Correlations
TemTur.PHECALKT.HCaMgClSo4TDSTSSNo3
TemPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1
7
-0.511
0.241
7.000
-0.220
0.636
7.000
0.329
0.472
7.000
-0.468
0.290
7.000
-0.345
0.449
7.000
0.662
0.105
7.000
0.710
0.074
7.000
0.475
0.281
7.000
0.536
0.215
7.000
0.198
0.670
7.000
0.176
0.706
7.000
-0.307
0.503
7.000
TurPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.631
0.129
7.000
0.337
0.460
7.000
0.072
0.879
7.000
0.044
0.925
7.000
-0.476
0.280
7.000
0.123
0.794
7.000
-0.566
0.185
7.000
-0.928
0.003
7.000
-0.553
0.198
7.000
-0.279
0.545
7.000
-0.334
0.464
7.000
PHPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.512
0.240
7.000
0.278
0.546
7.000
-0.528
0.223
7.000
-0.483
0.272
7.000
0.479
0.277
7.000
-0.699
0.080
7.000
-0.721
0.068
7.000
-0.649
0.115
7.000
-0.435
0.329
7.000
-0.561
0.190
7.000
ECPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.231
0.619
7.000
-0.685
0.090
7.000
0.406
0.366
7.000
0.691
0.085
7.000
-0.125
0.789
7.000
-0.471
0.286
7.000
-0.581
0.172
7.000
-0.063
0.894
7.000
-0.792
0.034
7.000
ALKPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000-0.105
0.822
7.000
-0.229
0.621
7.000
-0.332
0.466
7.000
-0.587
0.166
7.000
-0.379
0.401
7.000
0.013
0.978
7.000
-0.521
0.231
7.000
-0.190
0.682
7.000
T.HPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000-0.262
0.570
7.000
-0.674
0.097
7.000
-0.061
0.896
7.000
0.033
0.943
7.000
0.594
0.160
7.000
-0.257
0.578
7.000
0.353
0.437
7.000
CaPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.261
0.572
7.000
0.776
0.040
7.000
0.427
0.339
7.000
-0.064
0.892
7.000
0.541
0.210
7.000
-0.257
0.578
7.000
MgPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000-0.006
0.990
7.000
-0.087
0.853
7.000
-0.342
0.453
7.000
-0.019
0.967
7.000
-0.595
0.159
7.000
ClPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.701
0.079
7.000
0.029
0.951
7.000
0.874
0.010
7.000
0.306
0.504
7.000
So4Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.568
0.184
7.000
0.466
0.292
7.000
0.534
0.217
7.000
TDSPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000-0.286
0.534
7.000
0.454
0.306
7.000
TSSPearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.0000.422
0.346
7.000
No3Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
1.000

53
7-RESULTS
1- Sedimentation efficiency (65.97%) is considered acceptable, with what must be done by a
sedimentation phase during the detention time of the sedimentation basins.
2- Filtration efficiency was ranged between 59% in January 2014 and 75% in the month of
December 2013 needs to be developed by following the washing and ongoing maintenance of the
filters periodically.
3- The efficiency of the plant in terms of biological and special treatment E-coli bacteria is not
good and volatile, especially during the month of November 2013 and March and April 2014,
and this poses a threat to the health of consumers. The bodies of non-technical was lifting bottles
of chlorine gas was a great danger to the lives of citizens and exposing them to disease.
4- Physical and chemical properties of treated water were equipped to the specifications of the
World Health Organization (WHO) and raw water is characterized good quality properties.
5- It was noted that the security authorities prevented the use of chlorine gas sterilization for the
period from early 2014 until mid-April of the same year, in spite of the importance of the need
for sterilization.
8-RECOMMENDATIONS
1- Environmental awareness must be increasing among the workers at the station for an alert to the
risk of contamination and how to treat and emphasize the need for non-interference by any
outside parties; and under any justification in the operation and management of the station, to the
threat this poses to the lives of citizens and exposing them to disease.
2- Physical, chemical and biological properties need to conduct water and supplying scientific
laboratory qualified specialist, especially in the field of bio-examination.
3- Filters were washing and maintenance of the regularly and continuously to maintain the
qualitative characteristics of water processed for citizen so as to ensure continued compliance
with the international standard specifications WHO.
4- The plant was need for regular maintenance and correcting the imbalance and cleaning
sedimentation basins and clarification on a regular basis and scheduler.
5- Tests must be done for some of the other elements that are not measured in this study such as
fluoride because of this element of the impact on the dental health of consumers, especially
children.
9-REFERENCES
[1] Allaa M. Aenab, S. K. Singh "Evaluation of Drinking Water Pollution and Health Effects in
Baghdad, Iraq", IVSL.org Journal of Environmental Protection, No 3, 2012, pp 533-537.
[2] Ahmed AL-Sarawy, (basic processes for drinking water purifications) Book 1st edition,
scientific book house for diffusion and distribution, Cairo2011. (in Arabic language).
[3] Goel, P.K, (water pollution causes effect and control) Book Published by New age
International, New Delhi, 1997.
[4] PNW Water (history of drinking water) Use and treatment Pacific Northwest Regional water
program, 2008.
[5] Awny Ahmed Mohamed, (the water from the source to the landfill) Environment Public
Authority, Tripoli – Libya,(in Arabic Language), 2002.
[6] Shaheen, Khalid Mohammed. “Evaluation study of a water treatment plant in the left side of
the city of Mosul (Quppa project)”, Technical Journal. (in Arabic Language), Volume 17,
No. 3.2004

54
[7] Abbas A. Al-Jeebory, Dr .Ali H. Ghawi, “Performance Evaluation of AL-Dewanyia water
treatment plant in Iraq”, Al-Qadisiya Journal For Engineering Sciences Vol. 2 No.4 ,2009.
[8] Mohammed, Ali Ahmed, alaa-A, Shakir, “Evaluation the performance of al-wahdda project
Drinking water treatment plant”, A case study in Iraq, international journal of advances in
applied sciences (IJAAS), Vol.1, No.3, 2012 September, pp.130-138.
[9] Directorate of Kirkuk Water Management ( hawija water treatment plant)charts and data. (in
Arabic language), 2007.
[10] APHA, (standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater) 18th ed. (1992).
[11] Steel .EW and Mcghee.T.J (water supply& sewerages) 5th
edition, 1979.
[12] Al-Layla, M.A., Ahmanded, Sh., Middle brooks, E.J., (Design of Water Supply Engineering),
Ann Arbor Science Publisher, INC. (in Arabic Language), 1977.
[13] Majeed Mattar Ramal, "Evaluating the Drinking Water quality supplied by the Large
Treatment Plant in RAMADY City", Al-Qadissiya Journal of Engineering, Vol.3, No.2,
2010.
[14] Abdul Rah man, Ibrahim Abdul Karim and Mawllod I., Ahmed Saud, Oran Menem,
"Evaluate the quality of drinking water and efficiency of Fallujah water Treatment plant",
Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering,.(In Arabic Language), Volume VI, Issue I, June 2004
[15] AL-Ganema, A.A.R., Bacteriological Quality for the water of AL-Remedy governorate, MSc
thesis, College of Science, Anbar University, 1995.
[16] World Health Organization (WHO), (guidelines for drinking water quality-Health Criteria
and other supporting information) 2nd
Edition, Vol .2 Geneva, 1996.
[17] Abdulmuhsin S. Shihab, Waleed M.Sh. Al-Abidrabah and Ahmad Kh. Ibrahim, “Statistical
Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters in Selected Sites at Ninavah Governorate/ Iraq”,
International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 5, Issue 4, 2014,
pp. 57 - 70, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
[18] R Radhakrishanan and A Praveenkar, “Sustainability Perceptions on Wastewater Treatment
Operations in Urban Areas of Developing World”, International Journal of Civil Engineering
& Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 45 - 61, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308,
ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
[19] Neeraj D. Sharma and Dr. J. N. Patel, “Experimental Study of Groundwater Quality
Improvement by Recharging with Rainwater”, International Journal of Civil Engineering &
Technology (IJCIET), Volume 2, Issue 1, 2011, pp. 10 - 16, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308,
ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
[20] R. S. Sapkal and Dr. S. S. Valunjkar, “Development and Sensitivity Analysis of Water
Quality Index for Evaluation of Surface Water for Drinking Purpose”, International Journal
of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 119 - 134,
ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.

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