Last week INERCO presented its DeNOx technologies at the POWERGEN India & Central Asia. Thanks all the attendants for the interest and discussions about the technologies. Today we are sharing this information.

1. Paper #42:
Advanced DeNOx
Technologies for the
Minimization of Capital
and Operating Costs in
Combustion Facilities
Speaker: Dr. Enrique Bosch
Co-Authors: Dr. Francisco Rodriguez, Enrique Tova,
Miguel Delgado, Miguel Morales
Power-Gen India & Central Asia 2017

2. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

3. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

4. Pollutant
TPP before Dec
31, 2003
TPP after Jan 1,
2004 before
Dec 31, 2016
TPP after Jan 1,
2017
Particulate
matter (PM)
100 mg/Nm3 50 mg/Nm3 30 mg/Nm3
SO2
600 mg/Nm3 units < 500 MW, 200
mg/Nm3 units ≥ 500 MW
100 mg/Nm3
NOX 600 mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3
Mercury
0.03 mg/Nm3
units ≥ 500 MW
0.03 mg/Nm3 0.03 mg/Nm3
Indian Environment Protection Amendment
• New emission standards: PM, SO2, NOX and Hg based on
year of commissioning

5. Indian Environment Protection Amendment
• New emission standards: PM, SO2, NOX and Hg based on
year of commissioning
Technologies available
• Primary measures: Low NOX burners, OFAs,
combustion optimization systems
• Secondary measures: Selective Non-Catalytic
Reduction (SNCR), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Pollutant
TPP before Dec
31, 2003
TPP after Jan 1,
2004 before
Dec 31, 2016
TPP after Jan 1,
2017
NOX 600 mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3

6. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

7. Monitoring System
Combustion Optimization System
Remote supervision
BAT for NOx
reduction
and efficiency
improvement

8. • Characterization of local combustion conditions next to boiler walls, in the
flame envelope of each burner or selected areas
• Direct measurement of actual in-furnace gas concentrations (O2, CO,
NOX, CO2)
• No averaged values. No interpolation software
• Not affected by fuel type, dirtiness or optical-path alignment
Fixed non-cooled probes Retractable water-cooled probes
ABACO Combustion Optimization System

9. • Location: Alberta, Canada
• 405 MW gross load (385 MWn)
• Sub-bituminous coal
• Twin furnace design
• 5 mills. MCR achieved with 4 mills
• 8 corners – 5 burner elevations +
CCOFA
• Baseload unit (until 2015)
• NOX baseline: 550 to 850 mg/Nm3
CCOFA
Level A
Level B
Level C
Level D
Level E
ABACO Combustion Optimization System
Case Study

10. ➢ Minimum modifications in
the combustion system
➢ Operating variables for
ABACO setup
Item Operating variable Range
I Mills in service Mills A to E
II Auxiliary Air AA, EE and OFA 0 - 100%
III Auxiliary Air AB, BC, CD, DE ± 20%
IV Fuel air ± 20%
V Excess O2
±1,0% (absolute
scale)
VI Fuel nozzle tilts ±30º
ABACO Combustion Optimization System

11. ABACO Combustion Optimization System
• INERCO supervises the performance of the ABACO to guarantee the
achievement of the NOX reduction and efficiency objectives in all the operating
scenarios
• Daily and monthly reports with critical information about the unit are provided to
our clients
20%-30% NOX reduction
– all scenarios
Efficiency improvement
0.6%
15,000 tons/yr CO2
avoided

12. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

13. Retrofit of coal pipe layout to:
• Reduce NOX emissions
• Improve boiler efficiency, flexibility and maintenance
BOOS MOOS
Conventional situation
NOX
LOI
Efficiency
Temperatures
Residence time
Flexible Combustion

14. NOX
LOI
Efficiency
Residence
Time
MOOS
Retrofit of coal pipe layout to:
• Reduce NOX emissions
• Improve boiler efficiency, flexibility and maintenance
Flexible Combustion

15. NOX
LOI
Efficiency
Residence
Time
OFA Capability
BOOS
Retrofit of coal pipe layout to:
• Reduce NOX emissions
• Improve boiler efficiency, flexibility and maintenance
Flexible Combustion

16. Case Study: 580 MWe / T-fired
10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Coalflow rate per boiler level (%)
Boilerlevel
Baseline
FLEXICOM
41%NOx
reduction
35%-45% NOX reduction
<< 400 mg/Nm3
Efficiency improvement
0.6%
Flexible Combustion

17. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

18. Individual injection in each point based on:
• Temperature profile
• Flue gas composition (CO, O2, NOX) through in-furnace
monitoring
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
9,0
0,24
0,26
0,28
0,30
0,32
0,34
0,36
0,38
0,40
0,42
0,44
Reagentflow(l/min)
LocalNOx(lb/MMBTU)
Distribution profiles along the boiler
Injection profile
Local NOx profile
Reagentsupplyprofile
LEVEL 5 ½ T~1,600 ºF
LEVEL 5 T~1,750 ºF
Efficiency Ammonia slip

19. Case study – 350 MW opposed wall fired –
5 mills

20. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
NOX(mg/Nm3)
NOX
reduction >
57%
NOX reduction > 72%
Ammonia slip ~ 5 ppmv
Baseline

21. • Indian Environmental Regulation
• Combustion Optimization System
• Flexible Combustion
• Advanced SNCR
• Economic Assessment

22. Scenario Technologies
Relative Capital
Cost (LNB =1)
NOX
reduction
I. Limit
600 mg/Nm3
Combustion optimization system
and/or minor furnace modifications
.25 < 25%
Low NOX burners (LNB) 1 < 40%
II. Limit
300 mg/Nm3
Combustion optimization systems
and Low NOX burners
1-1.5 < 60%
Low NOX burners and SNCR 2-3 < 70%
SCR 7-10 < 70%
III. Limit 100
mg/Nm3
SCR 10 < 85%
Baseline Indian plants 700-900 mg/Nm3
Economic Assessment
Operating costs of SCR can be reduced +50% with the proper approach

23. Thanks!
Dr. Enrique Bosch
ebosch@inerco.com
+1 716 548 8151
Power-Gen India & Central Asia 2017