2016 topic 0 - elements & periodic table
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basics of the structure of matter
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2016 topic 0 - elements & periodic table
- 1. What is an ELEMENT? o A substance composed of a single kind of atom. o Cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.
- 2. What is a COMPOUND? o A substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.
- 3. Structure of Elements o Monoatomic elements composed of individual discrete (atoms) He o Diatomic elements composed of molecules made up of two atoms that are bonded together H2
- 4. Structure of Elements o Metals – many atoms held together by metallic bonds (Cu) o Other giant molecular or network structures (carbon)
- 5. 1 2 21 22 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 Ta tantalum Non metals Transition metals Metalloids N nitrogen 7 15 113 114 115 Halogens 5 13 6 14 Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Post Transition metals Noble Gases H hydrogen Li lithium Na sodium K potassium Rb rubidium Cs caesium Fr francium Be beryllium Mg magnesium Ca calcium Sr strontium Ba barium Ra radium Sc scandium Y yttrium Ti titanium Zr zirconium Hf hafnium V vanadium Nb niobium Cr chromium Mo molybdenum Mn manganese Tc technetium Fe iron Ru ruthenium Co cobalt Rh rhodium Ni nickel Pd palladium Cu copper Ag silver Zn zinc Cd cadminium Ta tantalum W tungsten Re rhenium Os osminium Ir iridium Pt platinum Au gold Hg mercury B boron Si silicon Ge geramanium As arsenic Sb antimoney 16 Te tellurium 8 Po polonium C carbon P phosphorous O oxygen S sulphur Se selenium Al aluminium Ga galium In indium Tl thallium Sn tin Pb lead Bi bismuth F fluorine 17 Cl chlorine Br bromine I iodine At astatine He helium Ne neon Ar argon 10 18 Kr krypton Xe xenon Rn radon Lanthanoids (rare earth) Actinoids (rare earth) 3 11 19 37 55 La Lanthanum Ce cerium Pr praseodymium Pm promethium Sm samarium Eu europium Gd gadolinium Tb terbium Dy dysprosium Ho holmium Re erbium Tm thulium 117 118 Yb ytterbium Lu lutetium Nd neodymium Ac actinium Pa protactinium U uranium Np neptunium Pu plutonium Am americium Cm curium Bk berkelium Cf californium Es einsteinium Fm fermium Md 9 mendelevium Th thorium No nobelium Lr lawrencium 87 4 12 20 38 56 88 39 40 72 23 41 73 24 42 74 25 43 74 26 44 76 27 45 77 28 46 78 29 47 79 30 48 80 31 49 81 32 50 82 33 51 83 34 52 84 35 53 85 36 54 86 116 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 La 57 Lanthanum 89 Ac actinium Rf rutherfordium Db dubnium Sg seaborgium Bh bohrium Hs hassium Mt meitnerium Ds darmstadtium Rg roentgenium Cn copernicium Uut ununtrium Fl flerovium Uup ununpentium Lv livermorium Uus ununseptium Uuo ununoctium www.ptable.com
- 8. Properties of Metals • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Metals are shiny. • Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires). • Metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets). • A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.
- 9. Properties of Non-Metals • Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. • Non-metals are not ductile or malleable. • Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily. • They are dull. • Many non-metals are gases. Sulfur
- 10. Properties of Metalloids • Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals. • They are solids that can be shiny or dull. • They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals. • They are ductile and malleable. Silicon