Kev O Regan successfully completed the University of Melbourne's online course "Animal Behaviour" with distinction in August 2015. The course provided an introduction to the scientific study of animal behaviour with an emphasis on evolutionary and ecological explanations for wild animal behavior. The statement of accomplishment was signed by Associate Professor Raoul Mulder and Professor Mark Elgar of the University of Melbourne's Department of Zoology.
This document summarizes the Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP), which provides affordable and confidential water testing and education to private well owners in Virginia. The program began in 1989 and now operates in 60 counties annually, testing over 6,800 wells from 2008-2015. It finds that 22% of Virginians rely on private wells, which often lack proper maintenance. Through county-based drinking water clinics and the Virginia Well Owner Network training program, it aims to educate well owners and address common contaminants like bacteria, nitrates, and metals that can affect private water systems. Key partnerships help provide resources and technical assistance to well owners.
- Rhode Island has over 150,000 private well owners who are responsible for regularly testing and maintaining their drinking water wells. Many lack knowledge to make informed decisions to protect water quality.
- The URI Extension Water Quality Program aims to educate private well owners through community workshops, individual assistance, and intercept campaigns. Workshops have led 45% of attendees to test their well water and over 50% to adopt best practices like septic system maintenance.
- Program evaluation found workshops and outreach have effectively increased well testing rates and protection behaviors among private well owners in Rhode Island when complemented by easy-to-use resources and ongoing assistance. Partnerships are key to continued success.
This document summarizes several large watershed projects and lessons learned from them. Key lessons include: (1) conservation planning must be done at the watershed scale with water quality data; (2) identify pollutants and their sources before implementing practices; (3) target critical source areas; (4) understand farmer attitudes; (5) maintain practices; (6) technical assistance is most effective locally; and (7) economic incentives are often needed for adoption. The North Canadian River project in Oklahoma applied these lessons through practices like no-till, riparian fencing, and monitoring, significantly reducing phosphorus loads. In Vermont's Lake Champlain basin, phosphorus levels remained high despite efforts, requiring new regulations
This document describes a project to build a knowledge value chain to support global water safety. The project aims to (1) develop a knowledge supply chain for safe water using information technology, (2) update a key global resource on sanitation and drinking water safety, and (3) support global exposure assessments and evaluation of sanitation technologies. The project will provide accessible global knowledge to protect human health by mapping pollution sources and guiding water industry technologies.
Jessica E. Cochran has a Masters in Civil & Environmental Engineering from the University of Missouri with a focus on environmental and hydraulic engineering. She has over 5 years of experience in engineering, environmental health and safety, agriculture, and community development work. Her experience includes projects in water infrastructure design, regulatory compliance, sustainable land management, and sanitation programs.
This document summarizes a national outreach and education program for private well owners called the Private Well Class Program. It is run by the University of Illinois with support from various partners including RCAP, NEHA, NGWA, and the WSC. The program has conducted over 22 webinars reaching about 5,500 participants over 3 years. It provides site assessments, well assessments, and recommendations to help well owners understand risks and best practices. The goal is to raise awareness about well testing, construction standards, and other issues through regional workshops and online training.
Brianna Sierra is a 4th year Chemistry major at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo with a 3.12 GPA. She has research experience synthesizing small molecules and tracers for drug development as an intern at Promega Biosciences and as a student researcher at Cal Poly. She is skilled in various lab techniques and instrumentation. Brianna also has work experience as a laboratory technician at Promega Biosciences where she tests manufacturing protocols and contributes to green chemistry efforts.
Kev O Regan successfully completed the University of Melbourne's online course "Animal Behaviour" with distinction in August 2015. The course provided an introduction to the scientific study of animal behaviour with an emphasis on evolutionary and ecological explanations for wild animal behavior. The statement of accomplishment was signed by Associate Professor Raoul Mulder and Professor Mark Elgar of the University of Melbourne's Department of Zoology.
This document summarizes the Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP), which provides affordable and confidential water testing and education to private well owners in Virginia. The program began in 1989 and now operates in 60 counties annually, testing over 6,800 wells from 2008-2015. It finds that 22% of Virginians rely on private wells, which often lack proper maintenance. Through county-based drinking water clinics and the Virginia Well Owner Network training program, it aims to educate well owners and address common contaminants like bacteria, nitrates, and metals that can affect private water systems. Key partnerships help provide resources and technical assistance to well owners.
- Rhode Island has over 150,000 private well owners who are responsible for regularly testing and maintaining their drinking water wells. Many lack knowledge to make informed decisions to protect water quality.
- The URI Extension Water Quality Program aims to educate private well owners through community workshops, individual assistance, and intercept campaigns. Workshops have led 45% of attendees to test their well water and over 50% to adopt best practices like septic system maintenance.
- Program evaluation found workshops and outreach have effectively increased well testing rates and protection behaviors among private well owners in Rhode Island when complemented by easy-to-use resources and ongoing assistance. Partnerships are key to continued success.
This document summarizes several large watershed projects and lessons learned from them. Key lessons include: (1) conservation planning must be done at the watershed scale with water quality data; (2) identify pollutants and their sources before implementing practices; (3) target critical source areas; (4) understand farmer attitudes; (5) maintain practices; (6) technical assistance is most effective locally; and (7) economic incentives are often needed for adoption. The North Canadian River project in Oklahoma applied these lessons through practices like no-till, riparian fencing, and monitoring, significantly reducing phosphorus loads. In Vermont's Lake Champlain basin, phosphorus levels remained high despite efforts, requiring new regulations
This document describes a project to build a knowledge value chain to support global water safety. The project aims to (1) develop a knowledge supply chain for safe water using information technology, (2) update a key global resource on sanitation and drinking water safety, and (3) support global exposure assessments and evaluation of sanitation technologies. The project will provide accessible global knowledge to protect human health by mapping pollution sources and guiding water industry technologies.
Jessica E. Cochran has a Masters in Civil & Environmental Engineering from the University of Missouri with a focus on environmental and hydraulic engineering. She has over 5 years of experience in engineering, environmental health and safety, agriculture, and community development work. Her experience includes projects in water infrastructure design, regulatory compliance, sustainable land management, and sanitation programs.
This document summarizes a national outreach and education program for private well owners called the Private Well Class Program. It is run by the University of Illinois with support from various partners including RCAP, NEHA, NGWA, and the WSC. The program has conducted over 22 webinars reaching about 5,500 participants over 3 years. It provides site assessments, well assessments, and recommendations to help well owners understand risks and best practices. The goal is to raise awareness about well testing, construction standards, and other issues through regional workshops and online training.
Brianna Sierra is a 4th year Chemistry major at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo with a 3.12 GPA. She has research experience synthesizing small molecules and tracers for drug development as an intern at Promega Biosciences and as a student researcher at Cal Poly. She is skilled in various lab techniques and instrumentation. Brianna also has work experience as a laboratory technician at Promega Biosciences where she tests manufacturing protocols and contributes to green chemistry efforts.
Mattia Manica successfully completed the Coursera course "Regression Models" offered by Johns Hopkins University with distinction on January 08, 2015. The course taught students how to fit and interpret regression models, investigate residuals and variability, and use techniques like dummy variables, multivariable adjustment, and extensions to Poisson and logistic regression models. The course was overseen by Brian Caffo, Roger Peng, and Jeffrey Leek of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
A study analyzed private well owner outreach programs to identify factors critical for motivating well owners to protect water quality. The study reviewed literature from Ohio State University, interviewed 30 program managers from the National Ground Water Association, and interviewed water treatment providers and local regulators from the Water Quality Association. The study sought to discover the most effective ways to encourage well owners to take action to protect their drinking water.
Shannon Hooper is seeking an entry-level position as a lab technician with a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Kennesaw State University. She has lab experience in culturing, isolating, and staining microbes as well as techniques like spectrophotometry, titration, and pipetting. Currently she works as a retail merchandiser demonstrating strong customer service and organizational skills.
Isabelle Claire Valette successfully completed the Coursera course "Exploratory Data Analysis" from Johns Hopkins University with distinction in December 2014. The course covered exploratory data summarization techniques and principles for constructing graphics applied before modeling, including plotting in R and common techniques for visualizing high-dimensional data. The course was overseen by Roger D. Peng, Jeffrey Leek, and Brian Caffo from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
- The document describes the results of a questionnaire conducted by Ovens National School in Cork, Ireland as part of a Comenius project on sustainable development.
- The questionnaire was completed by students, parents, and teachers to assess knowledge and awareness of environmental issues.
- The results show a general awareness of environmental issues but also room for improvement, such as more frequent environmental education and better conservation practices at school and home.
This document summarizes a research study assessing the potential of establishing a wildlife sanctuary in the Ongayo-Gembe Hills ecosystem in Suba Sub-County, Kenya. The study found that the ecosystem has high biodiversity due to diverse habitats supporting many plant and animal species. It also examined how establishment of a sanctuary could impact local communities through opportunities like employment and infrastructure, but also challenges like restricted access to resources. Local attitudes showed concerns over excluded from livelihoods and lack of involvement in the process. The study concluded the area has great potential for conservation due to its habitats and wildlife if local communities are engaged. It recommended the county government facilitate such projects to improve development and revenue, and further research to identify other important
O prefeito de Canavieiras determinou maior fiscalização ambiental para preservar o meio ambiente, incluindo o monitoramento dos períodos de defeso do caranguejo-uçá e a concessão criteriosa de licenças simplificadas para atividades que possam impactar o meio ambiente. A Assessoria de Assuntos Ambientais vem trabalhando para conscientizar as pessoas sobre a proibição da captura do caranguejo-uçá em determinados períodos.
The document analyzes radiation detected from Marcellus Shale samples using a Geiger-Muller counter and gamma ray spectrometer. A Geiger-Muller counter detects alpha, beta, and gamma radiation but not the specific elements, while a gamma ray spectrometer identifies uranium, thorium, and potassium concentrations. There was a very strong positive correlation between uranium concentration and API values calculated from the spectrometer, indicating uranium is the main source of detected gamma rays. A fair correlation was also found between Geiger counter readings and uranium concentration, showing it can determine Marcellus sample radiation levels primarily from uranium.
Act 00066 le lidar aérien dans l'aménagement des forêts au québec une révolu...ACSG Section Montréal
Le Québec sera d'ici 2022 couvert pas de données de lidar aérien, mettant à la disposition des utilisateurs un modèle numérique de terrain et une carte de la hauteur de la forêt à 1 m de résolution. Ceci entraîne la géomatisation rapide des pratiques d'aménagement et de la recherche forestière.
A review of sources in the National Library regarding Jewish soldiers in WWI
Lecture given at the National Library of Israel by Daniel Lipson, Reference and Digital resource Librarian
Caroline Plouff Top Ten Water Conservation Tips for FarmersCaroline Plouff
Agriculture uses an estimated 70% of the freshwater withdrawals globally and 40% of freshwater withdrawals in the United States. With severe droughts, shrinking reservoirs, and freshwater shortages in some areas of the US, water conservation is as important as ever for farmers.
If you have another farm water conservation tip, please share it below in the comments.
La giardiasis es una infección causada por el parásito Giardia lamblia que se transmite a través del agua o alimentos contaminados, o contacto directo. Los síntomas incluyen diarrea, malestar estomacal, pérdida de peso y malabsorción de nutrientes. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante examen microscópico de las heces o pruebas serológicas, y el tratamiento más común es el metronidazol. Es importante hervir el agua y lavarse las manos con frecuencia para prevenir la trans
There was an old lady who swallowed a flylouloufrench
The document summarizes the classic children's rhyme "There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly". It recounts the lines of the rhyme where the old lady sequentially swallows a fly, then a spider to catch the fly, then a bird to catch the spider. It asks if the reader would like more information about flies, spiders or birds or to continue the rhyme.
The document provides an overview of a nationwide survey conducted in Nepal on water supply and sanitation coverage and functionality:
- The survey was the first of its kind to collect comprehensive data from all wards across Nepal, with the aim of establishing a database to track progress. It found that national water supply coverage is 80.4% while sanitation coverage is lower at 43%.
- There are disparities in coverage between different regions. The Western region has the highest coverage for both water and sanitation. Functionality of water supply projects is also an issue, with only 17.9% found to be well-functioning.
- Recommendations include utilizing the survey data for planning, prioritizing rehabilitation
The document summarizes a project that involved school children in learning about sensors and their applications in agriculture through hands-on activities. Over 4,000 school children in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India were trained on topics like water use efficiency, climate change impacts, and more. They participated in demonstrations using low-cost sensors developed by the project team to monitor water levels, flows, weather data, and help with irrigation scheduling. This engaged the children with practical applications of sensors while teaching them about their local agriculture, environment and livelihoods. The involvement of children in this way was an innovative approach that could help disseminate learning to future generations and encourage adoption of adaptation practices.
Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transport...ijtsrd
Introduction The supply of potable water in low resource countries has been a public health concern, with frequent water interruptions, leaving the population vulnerable to access to potable water in households, which renders the population at risk of waterborne diseases like cholera. Our objectives were to assess the household practices of drinking water collection, transportation and storage in the Fako Division of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.Methods This was a cross sectional study with a mixed method approach. Focus Group Discussions were done to get an inside of the observed practices and a quasi experimental study with education as an intervention. A total of 394 households were randomly selected and issued a pretested questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit the participants in the households in the four health districts of Fako. For the quasi experiment, 50 water samples from 50 homes were tested before and after the intervention to measure the mean microbial score in stored household drinking water. A one sample t test was used to compare the mean microbial colony count at baseline and 3 months post intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals were reported at a significance level of 0.05. Results Assessing the participants practice in drinking water collection and transportation, 273 69.3 of the participants reported public taps as their primary source of drinking water. The main alternative source of drinking water was spring 233 59.1 . More than half 56.3 of the respondents reported that they take more than 30 minutes to fetch water, done mostly by children 62.2 , and the majority 89.1 do this by trekking. Over half, 268 68 of the participants used buckets with lids, and 119 30.2 , use jerry cans to fetch water. A total of 184 46.7 reported a bucket with a lid as the water storage container meanwhile 34 8.6 and 176 44.7 stored water in a bucket with no lid and jerry cans respectively. Almost a half 180 46.9 store their drinking water for more than 2 days. The mean bacterial colony count 29.72 ± 40.07 after the intervention was significantly lower than the mean bacterial colony at baseline 71.4 ± 68.38, t 50 = 6.846, P 0.001 .Conclusion The primary source of drinking water in Fako is public tap, alternative source being a spring. More than half of the participants trek to fetch water and almost half of the participants store drinking water for more than 2 days. Intervention with health education significantly lowered the mean bacterial colony count in household drinking water. Malika Esembeson | Palle John Ngunde | Kamgno Joseph | Ronald Gobina | Vivian EA Eta | Binwi Florence Nkemayim | Ndefon Peter | Serge Ngekeng | Kukwah Anthony Tufon | Ngomba Divine Martin Mokake | Henry Dilonga Meriki | Njunda Anna Longdoh "Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transportation and Storage in Fako Division, South-
Academia session: Joan Rose, Michigan State University , 16th January UN Wate...water-decade
This document discusses using risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of higher education institutions. It provides an overview of a conference on this topic, including discussion questions on various issues like how water quality is impacting health globally, how to integrate science and policy in risk analysis frameworks, and the future of water education curricula. The document also discusses challenges like population growth pressures on water resources and fecal contamination of water supplies. It advocates using risk assessment and other tools within a multi-disciplinary approach to address these challenges and protect water quality and public health.
Risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of institutio...ILRI
Presentation by Kyana Young, Joan B. Rose, John Fawell, Rosina Girones Llop, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Maureen Taylor at the 2015 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference, Zaragoza, Spain,15-17 January 2015.
This project aims to improve access to clean water and sanitation in rural Cambodia. It will construct new water points and repair existing ones for 29 villages, establishing a maintenance program to ensure long-term sustainability. It will also promote better hygiene practices through community workshops and build latrines in 8 schools. This 3-year project, which complements government goals, expects to train local maintenance teams and gradually transfer responsibility to community water groups and provincial authorities to continue support after project completion.
Edward Tsyrlin has over 20 years of experience as an aquatic ecologist. He has extensive experience managing monitoring programs and applying technical knowledge to support waterway asset management. Some of his achievements include developing models to assess the benefits of waterway investment scenarios, establishing fact sheets and training to articulate waterway management, and initiating citizen science programs. He has strong skills in asset management, data analysis, and developing and optimizing monitoring programs.
Mattia Manica successfully completed the Coursera course "Regression Models" offered by Johns Hopkins University with distinction on January 08, 2015. The course taught students how to fit and interpret regression models, investigate residuals and variability, and use techniques like dummy variables, multivariable adjustment, and extensions to Poisson and logistic regression models. The course was overseen by Brian Caffo, Roger Peng, and Jeffrey Leek of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
A study analyzed private well owner outreach programs to identify factors critical for motivating well owners to protect water quality. The study reviewed literature from Ohio State University, interviewed 30 program managers from the National Ground Water Association, and interviewed water treatment providers and local regulators from the Water Quality Association. The study sought to discover the most effective ways to encourage well owners to take action to protect their drinking water.
Shannon Hooper is seeking an entry-level position as a lab technician with a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Kennesaw State University. She has lab experience in culturing, isolating, and staining microbes as well as techniques like spectrophotometry, titration, and pipetting. Currently she works as a retail merchandiser demonstrating strong customer service and organizational skills.
Isabelle Claire Valette successfully completed the Coursera course "Exploratory Data Analysis" from Johns Hopkins University with distinction in December 2014. The course covered exploratory data summarization techniques and principles for constructing graphics applied before modeling, including plotting in R and common techniques for visualizing high-dimensional data. The course was overseen by Roger D. Peng, Jeffrey Leek, and Brian Caffo from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
- The document describes the results of a questionnaire conducted by Ovens National School in Cork, Ireland as part of a Comenius project on sustainable development.
- The questionnaire was completed by students, parents, and teachers to assess knowledge and awareness of environmental issues.
- The results show a general awareness of environmental issues but also room for improvement, such as more frequent environmental education and better conservation practices at school and home.
This document summarizes a research study assessing the potential of establishing a wildlife sanctuary in the Ongayo-Gembe Hills ecosystem in Suba Sub-County, Kenya. The study found that the ecosystem has high biodiversity due to diverse habitats supporting many plant and animal species. It also examined how establishment of a sanctuary could impact local communities through opportunities like employment and infrastructure, but also challenges like restricted access to resources. Local attitudes showed concerns over excluded from livelihoods and lack of involvement in the process. The study concluded the area has great potential for conservation due to its habitats and wildlife if local communities are engaged. It recommended the county government facilitate such projects to improve development and revenue, and further research to identify other important
O prefeito de Canavieiras determinou maior fiscalização ambiental para preservar o meio ambiente, incluindo o monitoramento dos períodos de defeso do caranguejo-uçá e a concessão criteriosa de licenças simplificadas para atividades que possam impactar o meio ambiente. A Assessoria de Assuntos Ambientais vem trabalhando para conscientizar as pessoas sobre a proibição da captura do caranguejo-uçá em determinados períodos.
The document analyzes radiation detected from Marcellus Shale samples using a Geiger-Muller counter and gamma ray spectrometer. A Geiger-Muller counter detects alpha, beta, and gamma radiation but not the specific elements, while a gamma ray spectrometer identifies uranium, thorium, and potassium concentrations. There was a very strong positive correlation between uranium concentration and API values calculated from the spectrometer, indicating uranium is the main source of detected gamma rays. A fair correlation was also found between Geiger counter readings and uranium concentration, showing it can determine Marcellus sample radiation levels primarily from uranium.
Act 00066 le lidar aérien dans l'aménagement des forêts au québec une révolu...ACSG Section Montréal
Le Québec sera d'ici 2022 couvert pas de données de lidar aérien, mettant à la disposition des utilisateurs un modèle numérique de terrain et une carte de la hauteur de la forêt à 1 m de résolution. Ceci entraîne la géomatisation rapide des pratiques d'aménagement et de la recherche forestière.
A review of sources in the National Library regarding Jewish soldiers in WWI
Lecture given at the National Library of Israel by Daniel Lipson, Reference and Digital resource Librarian
Caroline Plouff Top Ten Water Conservation Tips for FarmersCaroline Plouff
Agriculture uses an estimated 70% of the freshwater withdrawals globally and 40% of freshwater withdrawals in the United States. With severe droughts, shrinking reservoirs, and freshwater shortages in some areas of the US, water conservation is as important as ever for farmers.
If you have another farm water conservation tip, please share it below in the comments.
La giardiasis es una infección causada por el parásito Giardia lamblia que se transmite a través del agua o alimentos contaminados, o contacto directo. Los síntomas incluyen diarrea, malestar estomacal, pérdida de peso y malabsorción de nutrientes. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante examen microscópico de las heces o pruebas serológicas, y el tratamiento más común es el metronidazol. Es importante hervir el agua y lavarse las manos con frecuencia para prevenir la trans
There was an old lady who swallowed a flylouloufrench
The document summarizes the classic children's rhyme "There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly". It recounts the lines of the rhyme where the old lady sequentially swallows a fly, then a spider to catch the fly, then a bird to catch the spider. It asks if the reader would like more information about flies, spiders or birds or to continue the rhyme.
The document provides an overview of a nationwide survey conducted in Nepal on water supply and sanitation coverage and functionality:
- The survey was the first of its kind to collect comprehensive data from all wards across Nepal, with the aim of establishing a database to track progress. It found that national water supply coverage is 80.4% while sanitation coverage is lower at 43%.
- There are disparities in coverage between different regions. The Western region has the highest coverage for both water and sanitation. Functionality of water supply projects is also an issue, with only 17.9% found to be well-functioning.
- Recommendations include utilizing the survey data for planning, prioritizing rehabilitation
The document summarizes a project that involved school children in learning about sensors and their applications in agriculture through hands-on activities. Over 4,000 school children in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India were trained on topics like water use efficiency, climate change impacts, and more. They participated in demonstrations using low-cost sensors developed by the project team to monitor water levels, flows, weather data, and help with irrigation scheduling. This engaged the children with practical applications of sensors while teaching them about their local agriculture, environment and livelihoods. The involvement of children in this way was an innovative approach that could help disseminate learning to future generations and encourage adoption of adaptation practices.
Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transport...ijtsrd
Introduction The supply of potable water in low resource countries has been a public health concern, with frequent water interruptions, leaving the population vulnerable to access to potable water in households, which renders the population at risk of waterborne diseases like cholera. Our objectives were to assess the household practices of drinking water collection, transportation and storage in the Fako Division of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.Methods This was a cross sectional study with a mixed method approach. Focus Group Discussions were done to get an inside of the observed practices and a quasi experimental study with education as an intervention. A total of 394 households were randomly selected and issued a pretested questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique was used to recruit the participants in the households in the four health districts of Fako. For the quasi experiment, 50 water samples from 50 homes were tested before and after the intervention to measure the mean microbial score in stored household drinking water. A one sample t test was used to compare the mean microbial colony count at baseline and 3 months post intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals were reported at a significance level of 0.05. Results Assessing the participants practice in drinking water collection and transportation, 273 69.3 of the participants reported public taps as their primary source of drinking water. The main alternative source of drinking water was spring 233 59.1 . More than half 56.3 of the respondents reported that they take more than 30 minutes to fetch water, done mostly by children 62.2 , and the majority 89.1 do this by trekking. Over half, 268 68 of the participants used buckets with lids, and 119 30.2 , use jerry cans to fetch water. A total of 184 46.7 reported a bucket with a lid as the water storage container meanwhile 34 8.6 and 176 44.7 stored water in a bucket with no lid and jerry cans respectively. Almost a half 180 46.9 store their drinking water for more than 2 days. The mean bacterial colony count 29.72 ± 40.07 after the intervention was significantly lower than the mean bacterial colony at baseline 71.4 ± 68.38, t 50 = 6.846, P 0.001 .Conclusion The primary source of drinking water in Fako is public tap, alternative source being a spring. More than half of the participants trek to fetch water and almost half of the participants store drinking water for more than 2 days. Intervention with health education significantly lowered the mean bacterial colony count in household drinking water. Malika Esembeson | Palle John Ngunde | Kamgno Joseph | Ronald Gobina | Vivian EA Eta | Binwi Florence Nkemayim | Ndefon Peter | Serge Ngekeng | Kukwah Anthony Tufon | Ngomba Divine Martin Mokake | Henry Dilonga Meriki | Njunda Anna Longdoh "Assessment of the Household Practices of Drinking Water Collection, Transportation and Storage in Fako Division, South-
Academia session: Joan Rose, Michigan State University , 16th January UN Wate...water-decade
This document discusses using risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of higher education institutions. It provides an overview of a conference on this topic, including discussion questions on various issues like how water quality is impacting health globally, how to integrate science and policy in risk analysis frameworks, and the future of water education curricula. The document also discusses challenges like population growth pressures on water resources and fecal contamination of water supplies. It advocates using risk assessment and other tools within a multi-disciplinary approach to address these challenges and protect water quality and public health.
Risk assessment as a tool to improve water quality and the role of institutio...ILRI
Presentation by Kyana Young, Joan B. Rose, John Fawell, Rosina Girones Llop, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Maureen Taylor at the 2015 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference, Zaragoza, Spain,15-17 January 2015.
This project aims to improve access to clean water and sanitation in rural Cambodia. It will construct new water points and repair existing ones for 29 villages, establishing a maintenance program to ensure long-term sustainability. It will also promote better hygiene practices through community workshops and build latrines in 8 schools. This 3-year project, which complements government goals, expects to train local maintenance teams and gradually transfer responsibility to community water groups and provincial authorities to continue support after project completion.
Edward Tsyrlin has over 20 years of experience as an aquatic ecologist. He has extensive experience managing monitoring programs and applying technical knowledge to support waterway asset management. Some of his achievements include developing models to assess the benefits of waterway investment scenarios, establishing fact sheets and training to articulate waterway management, and initiating citizen science programs. He has strong skills in asset management, data analysis, and developing and optimizing monitoring programs.
This document provides a summary of a water and sanitation report on schools in Kanungu, Uganda. The report studied water access, quality, and sanitation in 30 primary and secondary schools through questionnaires with school staff and focus groups with students. It found that while most schools have access to a tap, breakdowns requiring alternative water sources were common and often lasted over a week. Less than 20% of schools met government water usage targets. Treated drinking water was tested and 85% showed evidence of fecal contamination, indicating treatment efforts were largely unsuccessful. Focus groups revealed problems like school-community conflicts contributed to limited water access. Maintaining hygiene and sanitation often had low priority compared to other water uses. The report concludes
This dissertation presentation compares knowledge and attitudes regarding water conservation methods between rural and urban populations in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.
The study assessed 150 subjects' knowledge using a 25-question true/false test, and attitudes using a 20-statement Likert scale. Key findings included higher education and knowledge scores in urban versus rural areas. Most respondents' primary information source was print materials in urban areas and experience from others in rural areas. The study aims to develop an informational booklet to enhance knowledge and promote conservation.
This document is a resume for Rubenito M. Lampayan, who has extensive experience in irrigation water management and agricultural research, particularly in developing countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia. The resume lists his roles and accomplishments at the International Rice Research Institute, where he has worked since 2001 developing water-saving technologies like alternate wetting and drying. He has also consulted for IRRI and led projects in the Philippines, Laos, and other countries. The resume emphasizes his expertise in areas like irrigation engineering, hydrology, research management, and training related to sustainable water and crop management practices.
This document outlines the goals, objectives, activities, and indicators of a project to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene in indigenous communities in Ratanakiri province, Cambodia. The goal is to improve health among indigenous populations. The purpose is to ensure sustained access to quality water and enhance hygiene practices. The project consists of 4 results: 1) establishing a water facility repair and maintenance system, 2) improving hygiene practices through community dialogue, 3) building and repairing water facilities in areas of high need, and 4) providing sanitation facilities and training in schools. Activities are outlined for each result, along with indicators to measure progress. Risks include lack of support from local partners and low community participation.
Academia session: Sharon Velasquez, UpGro, 16th January UN Water Zaragoza Con...water-decade
This document describes a research project developing a biosensor to detect anthropogenic pollution in river water and groundwater in Tanzania. The biosensor uses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and has shown correlations between chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and the current density response of the biosensor. The researchers are now looking to deploy the biosensor for field testing and collect data on water quality in areas with poor sanitation systems. They seek collaborators to help with deployment and feedback from water experts on the technology and data use. The overall goal is to facilitate affordable, long-term water quality monitoring.
"Enhancing Soil Nutrient Status and Water Productivity through Sustainable Re...Jenkins Macedo
This proposed research seeks to contribute to an on-going research project that is being implemented by the International Water Management Institute among smallholder farmers in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. This research is funded by the Purdue University Center for Global Food Security for Southeast Asia. The study will be supervised by IWMI and approval has being granted from the Clark University Office of Sponsored Research and Programs. The study was approved by IRB at Clark University. This study seeks to also fulfill the academic requirement for the Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy at CU and could be used amongst others for a doctoral dissertation.
Dr. Suresh Babu IEWP @ Workshop on Water allocation, water economics and eflo...India-EU Water Partnership
This document summarizes a workshop on environmental flows (E-flows) in India.
The first section provides an overview of India's progress with E-flows, including policy recommendations of 15-30% of flows. Case studies on the Ganges river show E-flows were maintained during religious festivals.
The second section discusses understanding trade-offs, including a study that found farmers would sacrifice for E-flows but prefer changing cropping patterns. Groundwater usage was also analyzed.
The third section outlines the challenges of implementing E-flows, including integrating them into basin plans and building capacity for long-term E-flows assessments and mainstreaming. A vision for the Ganges calls for maintaining ecosystem services through
Meghalaya rainwater harvesting workshop report April 2017biometrust
The 3-day Meghalaya Rainwater Harvesting Workshop focused on creating awareness of rainwater harvesting, engaging stakeholders, and installing a pilot system. Over 150 students and community members participated in activities on water and its importance. Representatives from 56 schools discussed water issues and rainwater harvesting system design. An advisory clinic provided design recommendations based on school details. Participants toured the installed system to understand technical components. Next steps include two additional workshops, training on water conservation, and a phased statewide implementation starting with 100-130 pilot schools.
1. The study evaluated the impact of an automated chlorination technology called Chlorun on providing safe drinking water in a rural Indian village called Namiligonda.
2. Baseline water quality testing found the village's surface water source to be highly contaminated with fecal coliform. Traditional intermittent chlorine treatment was unable to consistently disinfect the water.
3. The Chlorun system was installed to provide continuous 24/7 chlorination. Post-installation testing found E. coli was eliminated from the water during the study period and residual chlorine levels of 0.5 parts per million were maintained.
4. Health outcomes like incidence of diarrhea, weight gain in children, and hygiene
Sara Ennis has over 20 years of experience in environmental management in the Pacific Northwest. She currently works as the Tree Program Coordinator for the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services, where she implements the City's street tree program and develops education programs. Previously she has held positions as the Volunteer Coordinator for Tualatin Hills Parks and Recreation District and has extensive project management consulting experience on projects related to restoration, monitoring, and natural resource planning. She holds a Master's Degree in Environmental Management from Portland State University.
The document summarizes a research program funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by the Water Research Commission to build capacity for faecal sludge management in sub-Saharan Africa. Twelve research teams across six countries were awarded contracts to characterize pit latrine contents and develop emptying and treatment technologies. The projects involved over 50 researchers and 35 graduate students. Key areas of research included pit sampling innovations, characterization of sludge properties, and technologies across the sanitation service chain including emptying devices and treatment methods.
Similar to 2016 GMekong Forum - S08 - Community Ecosystem Monitoring (20)
Trans-disciplinary science to impact tropical forest landscapes - Jeff Sayer, University of British Columbia. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Theory-Based Approaches for Assessing the Impact of Integrated Systems Research - Brian Belcher, Royal Roads University. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Challenges and opportunities for using remote sensing data - Kathy Baylis, University of California, Santa Barbara. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Reviewing the evidence on implementation and long-term impact of integrated landscape approaches - James Reed, CIFOR. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Some musings on evaluating the impacts of integrated systems research - Karl Hughes, PIM. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
What makes impact research challenging? What have been done so far? Results from CGIAR research - Natalia Estrada Carmona. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Use of Qualitative Approaches for Impact Assessments of Integrated Systems Research: Our Experience - Monica Biradavolu, SPIA. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
FTA’s experience in measuring impacts of research on integrated systems - Vincent Gitz, FTA. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Measuring the impact of integrated systems research
Panel Speakers: Vincent Gitz, Natalia Estrada Estrada Carmona, Monica Biradavolu and Karl Hughes. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Why does OneCGIAR need Integrated Systems Research? - Holger Meinke, University of Tasmania & ISDC. Measuring the Impact of Integrated Systems Research (September 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Three-day virtual workshop co hosted by the CGIAR Research Programs on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE); Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); and SPIA, the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the CGIAR. The workshop took stock of existing and new methodological developments of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment work, and discussed which are suitable to evaluate and assess complex, integrated systems research.
Agronomic advances for understanding soil health
By Job Kihara, Agronomist, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT
Innovations in soil health monitoring for nature and people
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 28, 2021
Innovations in Soil Health Monitoring: Combining Systematic Field Assessments with Spectroscopy and Earth Observation
By Leigh Ann Winowiecki, WLE/CIFOR-ICRAF
Innovations in soil health monitoring for nature and people
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 28, 2021
This document summarizes a presentation on unpacking systemic gender inequality across institutional landscapes in watershed research. The presentation discusses how gender norms and values of institutional stakeholders remain a "black box" in gender research. It notes that while gender is a cross-cutting theme in CGIAR research, organizations and institutional actors who shape policies are less researched. The presentation describes a study that used interviews to understand the perspectives of watershed scientists and development practitioners regarding gender competencies and inclusion in watershed programs and research. It found evidence of "hydropatriarchies" in watershed institutions and a need to better represent local knowledge and marginalized voices.
By Ermias Betemariam, Land Health Scientist, World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Securing inclusive land restoration
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 25, 2021
By Deepa Joshi, Gender, Youth and Inclusion Lead, WLE (IWMI)
Securing inclusive land restoration
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 25, 2021
By Fabrice DeClerck, Science Director, EAT Forum & Senior Scientist, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT
Boosting synergies and managing trade-offs in food systems
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 21, 2021
Sustainable management of commons to boost synergies: A case study on India
By Wei Zhang, Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute
Boosting synergies and managing trade-offs in food systems
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 21, 2021
Building climate resilience across scales
participatory – farmer-led – community action
By Sander Zwart, IWMI
Managing water for climate adaptation and mitigation
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 19, 2021
Lessons learnt towards building pathways for innovation: India
By Apoorve Khandelwal, CEEW India
Innovation investment for impact
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 14, 2021
Mining the Gaps: Mapping The Research on Small Farms in the Global South
By Jaron Porciello, Cornell University
Innovation investment for impact
From Research to Resilience
WLE webinar series
October 14, 2021
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
9. How was the Data Used?
• Village MI volunteers presented the findings of the water quality
assessment to the community
• TAF facilitated a discussion on how human acFviFes impact
water and water quality
• Findings were used to develop Community AcFon Plans, which
included:
• Designing, procuring, and installing signs/posters with “clean river”
messages
• Revised village regulaFons regarding waste management, adopFng
more recycling programs, banning illegal fishing techniques, promoFng
less agrochemical use or more efficient use
• PromoFng dialogue with hydropower companies to keep water
releases stable and provide advance warning for water releases during
periods of high flows