The document summarizes the RosBREED project's fourth annual meeting with Advisory Panels in San Diego, CA. It provides details on:
1) The meeting focused on project deliverables and impacts, and included an "apple auction" demonstration of how consumers evaluate fruit quality. Advisory panels complimented progress and made recommendations.
2) RosBREED numbers including over 336,000 data points collected on strawberry traits.
3) Profiles one Advisory Panel member, John Lott from Bear Mountain Orchards, who is interested in RosBREED to develop better fruit for customers.
4) Describes the "apple auction" demonstration conducted with Advisory Panel members to understand consumer preferences for fruit
The document provides information about the How2Recycle labeling system. It was developed by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition to provide clear, consistent recycling labels for packaging. The labels indicate the level of recyclability of package components based on access to recycling programs. The system aims to address confusion from unclear labels and the lack of harmonization. It follows FTC guidelines and was designed based on extensive consumer testing. The labels have been well received by consumers and participation in the program has grown among brands and retailers.
This study examines how to develop and manage regional umbrella brands for wine. It introduces a model based on dimensions of wine region equity from the consumer's perspective. An empirical study measured consumers' preferences for wines from different origins and the benefits they seek in wine, such as quality, price, social, emotional, environmental, and altruistic benefits. The findings suggest that most of these benefit factors predict consumer preferences. Linking benefits to consumer lifestyle characteristics allows tailoring regional branding strategies to specific market segments.
The document summarizes a study on environmental marketing claims made by consumer products. Some key findings include:
- Over 98% of products surveyed in North America committed at least one of the previously identified "Sins of Greenwashing".
- A new seventh sin emerged - the "Sin of Worshiping False Labels", where some marketers exploit consumer demand for third-party certification with fake labels or false suggestions of third-party endorsement.
- Legitimate eco-labeling is increasing, present on 23% of products compared to 14% in a previous study.
- Products making the most environmental claims and being most at risk of greenwashing are toys/baby products, cosmetics
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
El documento describe a la familia del autor, incluyendo a su padre Leonardo Silva, quien es responsable y trabajador; su madre María Rodríguez, quien le gusta cocinar; y su hermano Christian Silva, quien practica natación. También menciona sus mejores amigos y novia, destacando la importancia de la familia y amigos en su vida.
Diapositivas de la tecnologia de la comunicacionharol1238o
La tecnología de la comunicación ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo con la introducción de nuevas tecnologías como los teléfonos móviles e Internet. Estos cambios han influido en la sociedad, la economía y la cultura, facilitando la comunicación y el acceso a la información pero también acelerando el ritmo de vida. A nivel personal, aunque la tecnología ha mejorado muchos aspectos de la vida moderna, también puede alejar a las personas de sus relaciones cara a cara.
The natural story new 4 d motion vibration cleanser with free shippingtradeacoglobal
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Mad Mind Studios is a design agency in Los Angeles, California with the ultimate goal of making your company successful. We can achieve this through effective design marketing through multiple facets, including branding, logo design, print marketing, website design and ecommerce.
The document provides information about the How2Recycle labeling system. It was developed by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition to provide clear, consistent recycling labels for packaging. The labels indicate the level of recyclability of package components based on access to recycling programs. The system aims to address confusion from unclear labels and the lack of harmonization. It follows FTC guidelines and was designed based on extensive consumer testing. The labels have been well received by consumers and participation in the program has grown among brands and retailers.
This study examines how to develop and manage regional umbrella brands for wine. It introduces a model based on dimensions of wine region equity from the consumer's perspective. An empirical study measured consumers' preferences for wines from different origins and the benefits they seek in wine, such as quality, price, social, emotional, environmental, and altruistic benefits. The findings suggest that most of these benefit factors predict consumer preferences. Linking benefits to consumer lifestyle characteristics allows tailoring regional branding strategies to specific market segments.
The document summarizes a study on environmental marketing claims made by consumer products. Some key findings include:
- Over 98% of products surveyed in North America committed at least one of the previously identified "Sins of Greenwashing".
- A new seventh sin emerged - the "Sin of Worshiping False Labels", where some marketers exploit consumer demand for third-party certification with fake labels or false suggestions of third-party endorsement.
- Legitimate eco-labeling is increasing, present on 23% of products compared to 14% in a previous study.
- Products making the most environmental claims and being most at risk of greenwashing are toys/baby products, cosmetics
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
El documento describe a la familia del autor, incluyendo a su padre Leonardo Silva, quien es responsable y trabajador; su madre María Rodríguez, quien le gusta cocinar; y su hermano Christian Silva, quien practica natación. También menciona sus mejores amigos y novia, destacando la importancia de la familia y amigos en su vida.
Diapositivas de la tecnologia de la comunicacionharol1238o
La tecnología de la comunicación ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo con la introducción de nuevas tecnologías como los teléfonos móviles e Internet. Estos cambios han influido en la sociedad, la economía y la cultura, facilitando la comunicación y el acceso a la información pero también acelerando el ritmo de vida. A nivel personal, aunque la tecnología ha mejorado muchos aspectos de la vida moderna, también puede alejar a las personas de sus relaciones cara a cara.
The natural story new 4 d motion vibration cleanser with free shippingtradeacoglobal
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Mad Mind Studios is a design agency in Los Angeles, California with the ultimate goal of making your company successful. We can achieve this through effective design marketing through multiple facets, including branding, logo design, print marketing, website design and ecommerce.
This document describes two tubular reactor systems with either distributed or boundary actuation. It introduces a state transformation to convert the boundary actuated system into a standard form. An exosystem is used to generate reference signals. The objective is for the system to be stable when the exosystem is zero and the error to go to zero over time. Backstepping is used to design controllers for both systems to satisfy the constrained Sylvester equation and achieve output regulation. Simulation results show the error signals for both controlled systems converge to zero.
This document proposes an operational excellence project to reduce ticket and slump times without sacrificing safety. It analyzes installing reader boards and slump signs at CEMEX plants. The project aims to save 1 minute per ticket and slump time based on motion studies. This could save over $2 million annually based on 2015 volumes. Installation at pilot sites is proposed to test projected savings of $6,525-$99,623 per site over 10-15 years versus costs of $16,500-$17,527 per site. A 6-month pilot will collect data to assess the investment before potential regional and national rollout. Approval is required to proceed with sign installation contracts and collaborating with local operations.
This document provides retail prices and costs for various items being sold in the fall of 2016. It lists the retail prices for 9 different items totaling $2,935,020 in potential retail sales. The total cost of all items was $881,931.60, resulting in a 70% total markup. The top to bottom ratio of highest priced to lowest priced items was 2:1.
What do you ask someone without experience? - A GradTouch SlideshareLewis Charlesworth
In this presentation we explore how companies from a variety of industries approach the topic of graduate recruitment. After speaking to businesses who have successfully hired graduates , via GradTouch, we learned about their individual approaches and what they find works best.
By carrying out interviews with industry leaders, we can compare, contrast, and offer up parallels and differences which will form vital insights for others within the hiring process.
We spoke to a variety of companies, from industries such as Marketing, Media, Retail, Digital, Sales and Recruitment, all of which have demonstrated different motivations and observations.
The presentation will take us from the application stage, right through to the onboarding part of the recruitment process.
It will be viewed specifically in relation to graduate hiring, in circumstances where the candidate has little or no experience.
A photographer's job is to create visual images for creative purposes. Photographers either work for clients or independently, and categorize their work into genres like advertising, fashion, or weddings. While photography can be fun, it requires meeting client needs and deadlines. Hours vary depending on the client or employer. Relevant qualifications include degrees in art, design, media studies or photography. Salaries range widely depending on experience, from £12,000-£65,000 annually for freelancers or full-time employees.
Este documento trata sobre el concepto de infracción tributaria y los principios de la potestad sancionadora en derecho tributario. Define la infracción tributaria como una acción u omisión que viole normas tributarias y constituya un ilícito sancionado por la autoridad tributaria. Explica los principios de irretroactividad e imposición de sanciones proporcionales a la infracción cometida, así como las infracciones relacionadas con el incumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias como no declarar ingresos o declarar datos falsos.
Nikita Ann Tomy is seeking a challenging position that utilizes her technical skills. She has a B.Com degree from M.G University and completed higher secondary school in 2012. Her work experience includes sales validation at Etisalat from 2012-2013 and conducting surveys at Gulf Research Marketing Company from 2013-2015. She has strong computer, communication, and time management skills.
Organic Open-Field and High Tunnel Strawberry Cropping Systems for Long-term ...sberries
This document summarizes research on organic strawberry production systems in the Southeast US. The research aims to develop economically and environmentally sustainable open-field and high tunnel strawberry production systems through evaluating cover crops, cultivars, pest management, and consumer preferences. Key findings include some cover crops and cultivars performing better than others, production challenges varying between systems, and local information not influencing consumer choice. The research involves stakeholders and aims to expand organic strawberry production.
This document summarizes a case study on consumption trends of organic produce among teenagers and parents in the Philippines. It found that most respondents were middle class and knew the difference between organic and inorganic farming. While organic produce is more expensive, most parents said they would still buy it once familiar with its health benefits. Mass media like TV, radio and newspapers most influenced parents' decisions to purchase organic. The study aims to promote organic farming and educate consumers on its benefits.
The document provides an overview of qualitative marketing research conducted by Peggy Moulton-Abbott, including categories of research, experience, and examples of case studies. Some of the case studies summarized include exploratory research for an advertising agency's pitch on youth tobacco attitudes, concept testing of a medical device to reward diabetes testing in kids, and repackaging a historic stout beer brand.
This document summarizes the How2Recycle labeling system, which was developed by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition to provide clear, consistent recycling labels for consumer packaging. It outlines problems with existing recycling labels, describes How2Recycle's label design and guidelines based on research and FTC standards, and shares results from consumer surveys that found the labels are easy to understand and give consumers a positive impression of companies that use them. The document encourages packaging companies to participate in the program.
IDENTIFICATION OF GREEN CONSUMER PROFILE AND BEHAVIOR IN ORDER TO INCREASE GR...Khaira Al Hafi
- The document analyzes a study conducted in Indonesia to identify green consumer profiles and behaviors. It aims to understand green purchasing segments and decisions.
- The study found that 56% of Indonesian consumers were green consumers. It identified moderate and high green consumer groups with different characteristics like gender, age, education and income levels.
- Green purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors like environmental concerns, health concerns and product recommendations rather than a single product attribute. Availability and prices also impact purchasing.
This document provides an overview and guidance on sustainable sourcing for category managers in the food retail sector. It discusses key sustainability issues like carbon footprint, water footprint, and waste footprint for fresh products. It outlines a stepwise approach for category managers to incorporate sustainability into their sourcing decisions, including understanding their company and customer priorities, communicating needs to suppliers, acquiring product sustainability information, and evaluating claims. The presentation warns against "greenwashing" and provides questions to ask suppliers for verification. The goal is to equip category managers to make well-informed purchasing decisions that consider both business and sustainability factors.
The document provides a summary of progress for the Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR (SIAC) program. Key points:
- SIAC is a 4-year $12 million program led by SPIA to broaden impact assessment of CGIAR research through developing new methods and data collection.
- The program's objectives are to develop innovative methods for data collection, institutionalize diffusion data collection, assess full impacts of CGIAR research, and support communities of practice for impact assessment.
- Activities under Objective 1 include pilot testing methods for tracking adoption of improved varieties and technologies in crops like cassava, maize, and beans in countries like Ghana, Uganda, and Zambia. Results show
This document presents a marketing plan to increase sales of avocados to the target market of female college students. Primary research in the form of a survey and focus group found that this demographic lacks education about avocados and their health benefits. The goal is to expand knowledge of avocados and continue marketing to female consumers. Tactics will include a social media campaign with the slogan "Get to know what's inside. We're not mysterious, we're nutritious", a food truck that educates about avocado recipes, and point-of-purchase displays. The plan aims to position avocados as a healthy snack option to help address America's obesity problem.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting on Preference for Cashew in Nipaniijtsrd
"Cashew is one of the important dry fruit gaining popularity in the recent past. As information regarding dry fruits is hardly available, the recognition of consumers’ preference for cashew was undertaken. This study was conducted during the year 2018 in Nipani city. The main objective of the study was to study factors influencing on selection of cashew. The primary data was collected from 120 cashew consumers through questionnaire. The data was analyzed by tabular analysis, factor analysis, One Way ANOVA test and descriptive statistics. The result revealed that major factors influencing for cashew preference was reasonable price, taste and quality. The factor analysis result revealed that convenience factor, recommendation factor and quality factor has more influence on the consumers for the cashew preference. The hypothesis result revealed that there is no correlation between preference for cashew and annual income of the consumers. Vivek Mahajan | Dr. Pravin Chavan ""An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting on Preference for Cashew in Nipani"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23104.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23104/an-empirical-analysis-of-factors-affecting-on-preference-for-cashew-in-nipani/vivek-mahajan"
Issues In Natural Resource Trade PresentationMwenya Mundende
The document is a presentation on issues in natural resource trade. It defines key terms like certification and fair trade. It then summarizes a research paper that studied whether certification schemes like organic and fair trade benefit coffee producers in Central America. The study found that certification alone does not guarantee higher prices and that quality is the most important factor in pricing. While certification provides some benefits, it does not fully address problems in the coffee sector like overproduction and low productivity. The presentation concludes by recommending that producers improve quality and that producing countries should determine natural resource prices.
Tomato contains vitamins A, C and lycopene etc., Red colour of tomato is
because of lycopene. Lycopene is recognized as a strong antioxidant, and is also an
anti-cancer substance. It prevents breast and prostate cancers. It also reduces the
aging process and removes free radicals damaging cells. Thus high quality fruits make
the tendency of people’s consumption for this strategic vegetable’s increase.
Genotypes prepared with its native from Russia, Netherlands and Iran were evaluated
and Chef cultivar was taken as a control. In this examination, 10 new genotypes were
analyzed as far as a few indicators of quality in Ahvaz. One of the tomato quality
assessment techniques is sensory lab assessment (plant test). This exploration was
completed at 2013 in Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Genotypes mean comparison
showed that the most quality was related to M48, 21 genotypes and the lowest of this
was related to 16, 19 cultivars. Also result indicated that M48, 25 had the most
sourness and the lowest of this was belonged to cultivar 18. Chef cultivar as a control
had the fleshiest tissue and also 33 and 36 genotypes had the most appropriate colour
according of the consumer evaluation.
This document describes two tubular reactor systems with either distributed or boundary actuation. It introduces a state transformation to convert the boundary actuated system into a standard form. An exosystem is used to generate reference signals. The objective is for the system to be stable when the exosystem is zero and the error to go to zero over time. Backstepping is used to design controllers for both systems to satisfy the constrained Sylvester equation and achieve output regulation. Simulation results show the error signals for both controlled systems converge to zero.
This document proposes an operational excellence project to reduce ticket and slump times without sacrificing safety. It analyzes installing reader boards and slump signs at CEMEX plants. The project aims to save 1 minute per ticket and slump time based on motion studies. This could save over $2 million annually based on 2015 volumes. Installation at pilot sites is proposed to test projected savings of $6,525-$99,623 per site over 10-15 years versus costs of $16,500-$17,527 per site. A 6-month pilot will collect data to assess the investment before potential regional and national rollout. Approval is required to proceed with sign installation contracts and collaborating with local operations.
This document provides retail prices and costs for various items being sold in the fall of 2016. It lists the retail prices for 9 different items totaling $2,935,020 in potential retail sales. The total cost of all items was $881,931.60, resulting in a 70% total markup. The top to bottom ratio of highest priced to lowest priced items was 2:1.
What do you ask someone without experience? - A GradTouch SlideshareLewis Charlesworth
In this presentation we explore how companies from a variety of industries approach the topic of graduate recruitment. After speaking to businesses who have successfully hired graduates , via GradTouch, we learned about their individual approaches and what they find works best.
By carrying out interviews with industry leaders, we can compare, contrast, and offer up parallels and differences which will form vital insights for others within the hiring process.
We spoke to a variety of companies, from industries such as Marketing, Media, Retail, Digital, Sales and Recruitment, all of which have demonstrated different motivations and observations.
The presentation will take us from the application stage, right through to the onboarding part of the recruitment process.
It will be viewed specifically in relation to graduate hiring, in circumstances where the candidate has little or no experience.
A photographer's job is to create visual images for creative purposes. Photographers either work for clients or independently, and categorize their work into genres like advertising, fashion, or weddings. While photography can be fun, it requires meeting client needs and deadlines. Hours vary depending on the client or employer. Relevant qualifications include degrees in art, design, media studies or photography. Salaries range widely depending on experience, from £12,000-£65,000 annually for freelancers or full-time employees.
Este documento trata sobre el concepto de infracción tributaria y los principios de la potestad sancionadora en derecho tributario. Define la infracción tributaria como una acción u omisión que viole normas tributarias y constituya un ilícito sancionado por la autoridad tributaria. Explica los principios de irretroactividad e imposición de sanciones proporcionales a la infracción cometida, así como las infracciones relacionadas con el incumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias como no declarar ingresos o declarar datos falsos.
Nikita Ann Tomy is seeking a challenging position that utilizes her technical skills. She has a B.Com degree from M.G University and completed higher secondary school in 2012. Her work experience includes sales validation at Etisalat from 2012-2013 and conducting surveys at Gulf Research Marketing Company from 2013-2015. She has strong computer, communication, and time management skills.
Organic Open-Field and High Tunnel Strawberry Cropping Systems for Long-term ...sberries
This document summarizes research on organic strawberry production systems in the Southeast US. The research aims to develop economically and environmentally sustainable open-field and high tunnel strawberry production systems through evaluating cover crops, cultivars, pest management, and consumer preferences. Key findings include some cover crops and cultivars performing better than others, production challenges varying between systems, and local information not influencing consumer choice. The research involves stakeholders and aims to expand organic strawberry production.
This document summarizes a case study on consumption trends of organic produce among teenagers and parents in the Philippines. It found that most respondents were middle class and knew the difference between organic and inorganic farming. While organic produce is more expensive, most parents said they would still buy it once familiar with its health benefits. Mass media like TV, radio and newspapers most influenced parents' decisions to purchase organic. The study aims to promote organic farming and educate consumers on its benefits.
The document provides an overview of qualitative marketing research conducted by Peggy Moulton-Abbott, including categories of research, experience, and examples of case studies. Some of the case studies summarized include exploratory research for an advertising agency's pitch on youth tobacco attitudes, concept testing of a medical device to reward diabetes testing in kids, and repackaging a historic stout beer brand.
This document summarizes the How2Recycle labeling system, which was developed by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition to provide clear, consistent recycling labels for consumer packaging. It outlines problems with existing recycling labels, describes How2Recycle's label design and guidelines based on research and FTC standards, and shares results from consumer surveys that found the labels are easy to understand and give consumers a positive impression of companies that use them. The document encourages packaging companies to participate in the program.
IDENTIFICATION OF GREEN CONSUMER PROFILE AND BEHAVIOR IN ORDER TO INCREASE GR...Khaira Al Hafi
- The document analyzes a study conducted in Indonesia to identify green consumer profiles and behaviors. It aims to understand green purchasing segments and decisions.
- The study found that 56% of Indonesian consumers were green consumers. It identified moderate and high green consumer groups with different characteristics like gender, age, education and income levels.
- Green purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors like environmental concerns, health concerns and product recommendations rather than a single product attribute. Availability and prices also impact purchasing.
This document provides an overview and guidance on sustainable sourcing for category managers in the food retail sector. It discusses key sustainability issues like carbon footprint, water footprint, and waste footprint for fresh products. It outlines a stepwise approach for category managers to incorporate sustainability into their sourcing decisions, including understanding their company and customer priorities, communicating needs to suppliers, acquiring product sustainability information, and evaluating claims. The presentation warns against "greenwashing" and provides questions to ask suppliers for verification. The goal is to equip category managers to make well-informed purchasing decisions that consider both business and sustainability factors.
The document provides a summary of progress for the Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR (SIAC) program. Key points:
- SIAC is a 4-year $12 million program led by SPIA to broaden impact assessment of CGIAR research through developing new methods and data collection.
- The program's objectives are to develop innovative methods for data collection, institutionalize diffusion data collection, assess full impacts of CGIAR research, and support communities of practice for impact assessment.
- Activities under Objective 1 include pilot testing methods for tracking adoption of improved varieties and technologies in crops like cassava, maize, and beans in countries like Ghana, Uganda, and Zambia. Results show
This document presents a marketing plan to increase sales of avocados to the target market of female college students. Primary research in the form of a survey and focus group found that this demographic lacks education about avocados and their health benefits. The goal is to expand knowledge of avocados and continue marketing to female consumers. Tactics will include a social media campaign with the slogan "Get to know what's inside. We're not mysterious, we're nutritious", a food truck that educates about avocado recipes, and point-of-purchase displays. The plan aims to position avocados as a healthy snack option to help address America's obesity problem.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting on Preference for Cashew in Nipaniijtsrd
"Cashew is one of the important dry fruit gaining popularity in the recent past. As information regarding dry fruits is hardly available, the recognition of consumers’ preference for cashew was undertaken. This study was conducted during the year 2018 in Nipani city. The main objective of the study was to study factors influencing on selection of cashew. The primary data was collected from 120 cashew consumers through questionnaire. The data was analyzed by tabular analysis, factor analysis, One Way ANOVA test and descriptive statistics. The result revealed that major factors influencing for cashew preference was reasonable price, taste and quality. The factor analysis result revealed that convenience factor, recommendation factor and quality factor has more influence on the consumers for the cashew preference. The hypothesis result revealed that there is no correlation between preference for cashew and annual income of the consumers. Vivek Mahajan | Dr. Pravin Chavan ""An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting on Preference for Cashew in Nipani"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23104.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/23104/an-empirical-analysis-of-factors-affecting-on-preference-for-cashew-in-nipani/vivek-mahajan"
Issues In Natural Resource Trade PresentationMwenya Mundende
The document is a presentation on issues in natural resource trade. It defines key terms like certification and fair trade. It then summarizes a research paper that studied whether certification schemes like organic and fair trade benefit coffee producers in Central America. The study found that certification alone does not guarantee higher prices and that quality is the most important factor in pricing. While certification provides some benefits, it does not fully address problems in the coffee sector like overproduction and low productivity. The presentation concludes by recommending that producers improve quality and that producing countries should determine natural resource prices.
Tomato contains vitamins A, C and lycopene etc., Red colour of tomato is
because of lycopene. Lycopene is recognized as a strong antioxidant, and is also an
anti-cancer substance. It prevents breast and prostate cancers. It also reduces the
aging process and removes free radicals damaging cells. Thus high quality fruits make
the tendency of people’s consumption for this strategic vegetable’s increase.
Genotypes prepared with its native from Russia, Netherlands and Iran were evaluated
and Chef cultivar was taken as a control. In this examination, 10 new genotypes were
analyzed as far as a few indicators of quality in Ahvaz. One of the tomato quality
assessment techniques is sensory lab assessment (plant test). This exploration was
completed at 2013 in Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Genotypes mean comparison
showed that the most quality was related to M48, 21 genotypes and the lowest of this
was related to 16, 19 cultivars. Also result indicated that M48, 25 had the most
sourness and the lowest of this was belonged to cultivar 18. Chef cultivar as a control
had the fleshiest tissue and also 33 and 36 genotypes had the most appropriate colour
according of the consumer evaluation.
Essay on Organic Farming | Organic Farming Essay for Students and .... How Organic Farming Benefits the Environment • neoAdviser. Essay on Organic Farming : जैविक खेती – Keep Inspiring Me. Introduction to Organic Agriculture lecture | Organic Farming | Manure. Organic farming research paper pdf. (PDF) Food for all: Alternatives to organic farming. Organic Agriculture Information Guide | Agri Farming. Intensive Vs. Organic Farming Essay - Document in A Level and IB Biology. Organic Farming -- A Solution Essay | Comparative Advantage | Agriculture. EM Term Paper: Organic Farming in India. Custom Essay | amazonia.fiocruz.br. (PDF) Organic farming and sustainable development in Ethiopia. ≫ Organic Farming and Its Organic Food Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Essay on Organic Food | Organic Food Essay for Students and Children in .... (PDF) Introduction to Organic Agriculture. Organic Farming | Teaching Resources. Organic Farming Essay - Farm House.
The document discusses crop improvement in strawberries. It covers the botanical details of strawberries, their origin and distribution, related species, and genetic resources. It then discusses the inheritance patterns of strawberry traits, major breeding problems including disease resistance and yield, and objectives such as adapting to climate change. Principles and methods of breeding are also outlined, including introduction, selection, hybridization, polyploidy, mutation, and biotechnological approaches. Finally, salient achievements in each area are highlighted such as introducing disease resistance from wild relatives and developing varieties with improved yield, quality, and shelf life.
Integrating gendered knowledge into banana breedingCGIAR
This presentation was given during a webinar on May 17, 2018. Graham Thiele (GBI/RTB), Jacqueline Ashby (Independent Consultant), Pricilla Marimo (Bioversity International) and Robooni Tumuhimbise (NARO) gave a total of three presentations. This is the first of these presentations, given by Pricilla Marimo and Robooni Tumuhimbise.
Find out more at: http://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-gender-breeding-checklist/
Sefewu emmanuel selorm.consumer green behavior in ghanaian soft drink industryEmmanuel Sel. Sefewu
This document summarizes a research project examining consumer green behavior in the Ghanaian soft drink industry among Coca-Cola consumers. The research aimed to identify factors influencing consumer green behavior and the demographic profile of Coca-Cola consumers. It involved an online survey of 90 University of Winneba students. The research found that environmental knowledge, attitude, pro-environmental behavior and purchasing power were key factors influencing green behavior. It also found that Coca-Cola consumers were predominantly youthful females who have consumed Coca-Cola for over 10 years and view it positively. The research concluded consumers were willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products that promote health and ethics.
The document discusses the avocado market and opportunities for disrupting it. It notes that the global avocado market is large and growing but local European producers cannot meet demand. The Americas are the main producers, while the US and EU are the biggest importers. There is demand for avocado plantlets and sustainable avocados in Europe that is not being met. The document identifies Vegan Vera as the target customer persona and validates her characteristics and pain points through research. It finds that the main problems are sustainability issues not being noticed by consumers, limited expansion of European production due to plant supply bottlenecks, and significant food loss due to avocado perishability. It then presents ideas to address these problems through tissue culture cloning
This document is a research report on a comparative study of fruit juice brands in India. It was conducted by Ashish Kumar Keshri for their PGDM degree. The report includes an introduction on the fruit juice market in India, research methodology, a profile of a fruit juice company called Surya Foods & Agro Ltd., research analysis on consumer awareness, preferences, demographics, brands, and packaging related to fruit juices. It also provides a conclusion and recommendations based on the findings of the study. The objective was to understand consumer behavior and preferences to help juice companies better target their products.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on sustainable sourcing for beverage category managers. It discusses key sustainability issues for beverages like large water and carbon footprints in processing. It presents a decision framework including understanding priorities, communicating with suppliers, acquiring sustainability information, evaluating claims to avoid greenwashing, and integrating sustainability into purchasing decisions. The goal is to equip category managers with tools and questions to select more sustainable beverage products.
Similar to 2013-3-RosBREED_Newsletter, pages 5 and 6 (20)
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
1. Inside this Issue
RosBREED By the Numbers &
AP Member Profile
2
SE Team’s Apple Auction 3
Apple Breeder Workshop Highlights 4
Strawberry Breeder Workshop Highlights 5
Community Breeders’ page 7
Jewels in the Genome 9
Calendar of Events 10
February 28, 2013 Volume 4 Issue 1
Dedicated to the genetic improvement of U.S. rosaceous crops
RosBREED’s Fourth Annual Meeting with Advisory Panels, San Diego, CA
Once again, RosBREED participants met
with their Industry, Scientific, and Extension
Advisory Panel members in San Diego, Cali-
fornia, on January 10, 2013. There were 23
Advisory Panel members and 19
RosBREED participants at this meeting
which was held at the DoubleTree Hilton ho-
tel in San Diego. As the last of the Advisory
Panel meetings of the current project, the
main focus was on project deliverables and
impacts. In the afternoon session, the Socio-
Economics Team conducted an “apple auc-
tion” (see page 3 for details) to demonstrate
how consumers were engaged to evaluate
apple fruit quality. Advisory Panels were
complimented the progress achieved so far
and made many clever recommendations for
the final stages of the project, including dis-
semination of impact statements that quanti-
fy successes. During the roundtable wrap-
up, Kim Hummer (USDA-ARS, OR) stated,
“The interaction among geneticists, breed-
ers, socio-economics scientists, and overall
logistics are a model for SCRI. I am im-
pressed with the organization and branding
of the project.”
Participants also discussed the best strate-
gies for continuing to create impacts beyond
the life of the project.
Attendees of RosBREED’s fourth annual meeting with Advisory Panels.
Advisory Panel members experience how consumer values of fruit quality
attributes are determined using sensory tasting and an experimental auc-
tion of apples.
2. Page 2Volume 4 Issue 1
RosBREED by the number
336,099
Number of strawberry phenotypic data points
analyzed for genotype x environment interac-
tions and combining ability for 69 traits. Data
was collected by Lise Mahoney (University of
New Hampshire), Sonali Mookerjee and
Kazim Gunduz (Michigan State University),
Vance Whitaker (University of Florida), Me-
gan Mathey (Oregon State University) and
Phil Stewart (Driscoll’s, CA). Data was ana-
lyzed by the Strawberry Team with assistance
by Umesh Rosyara.
Advisory Panel Member Profile
The success of RosBREED will be determined in large part by the people behind it. Because of this, we wanted to
give you some insight into these individuals - whether they represent university extension, the scientific community,
or industry - who are at the core of our efforts. Panel members were asked about their background and what they
want to accomplish as part of the RosBREED project. Here is what they had to say.
Industry
John Lott
President of Bear Mountain Orchards, Inc. Bear Mountain, PA,
john@bearmountaininc.net
What work do you do? Bear Mountain is in its 75th year as a family-run business
located in Pennsylvania. We are growers and packers of apples, peaches, nec-
tarines, cherries and plums. I oversee the production of our farming operations
and also our packing and storage facilities. Also, I am a director of Knouse
Foods Cooperative and on the Adams County Industrial Development Board.
Why are you interested in RosBREED? To stay competitive in today’s worldwide
marketplace requires investment in research. Collaboration is extremely im-
portant in order to be as efficient and effective as possible. RosBREED is dedi-
cated to cutting-edge forward-looking research with a collaborative approach.
RosBREED has the opportunity to take fruit growing to new levels. I want to be a
part of that opportunity. We need better fruit for our customers, it may be flavor,
storability, color or firmness. Growers need horticulture-friendly cultivars. Fruit is
grown in micro-climates. I want to find the right fit of fruit for our growing regions.
How do you feel you can contribute to RosBREED? Communication is vital in any project. With my experience in grow-
ing and marketing, I hope to bring that knowledge to the researchers. At the same time I wish to learn of their concerns
and problems. In the end I hope to get a better product for the consumer.
Photo courtesy of Sonali Mookerjee.
3. Page 3Volume 4 Issue 1
Socio-Economic Team’s Apple Auction
By: Cholani Weebadde, Extension Team Leader
The RosBREED Socio-Economics Team has conducted
several consumer studies to understand consumer prefer-
ences, quantified as marginal values of specific fruit quali-
ty traits. Given that breeders have a long list of traits to
focus on in their breeding programs, such data can pro-
vide useful information to assist breeders better establish
priorities among traits and trait levels. At the fourth annual
meeting with Advisory Panels on January 10, 2013, the
Socio-Economics Team showcased how one such study
was conducted with consumers using an approach of sen-
sory evaluation with a “second-price” auction.
Five promising apple varieties (one cultivar and four selec-
tions) that differed in appearance, sweetness, firmness,
crispness, juiciness, and tartness were included in the
demonstration. The apples were kindly provided by the
Washington Tree Fruit Commission, the University of Min-
nesota Apple Breeding Program, and The Washington
State University Apple Breeding Program. RosBREED
Advisory Panel members and project participants served
as the panelists for the demonstration.
At the start of the auction, Karina Gallardo from the Socio-
Economics Team explained how the “second-price” auc-
tion works. Four “RosBREED dollars” specially designed
for the auction were given to each panelist, who were
asked to first look at the apples on offer and then place a
bid for one of the displayed varieties. After bidding, the
highest and the second highest bids for each apple sam-
ple were identified and displayed. The highest bidder won
the auction but paid the price of the second-highest bid. A
similar bidding process was conducted after each panelist
tasted the apple varieties. One lucky winner took home a
pound of scrumptious apples genetically superior in many
ways thanks to the efforts of our Demonstration Breeders!
Overall, the Advisory Panel members enjoyed taking part
in the auction and sensory evaluations. After the variety
identities were unveiled, Jim Luby (Breeding Team Leader
and Minnesota Apple Breeding Program breeder) con-
cluded the session by displaying the pedigree relation-
ships among the related varieties, describing their alleles
for a certain genomic region (the Ma locus associated with
tartness, crispness, and juiciness), and explaining how
marker-assisted breeding is making a difference in sup-
porting breeding decisions. Dr. Luby mentioned how he is
using a DNA test for the Ma locus to make crosses ex-
pected to produce better tasting apples for the market in
the coming years.
Karina Gallardo (Socio-Economics Team Leader, Washington
State Univ.) explains the fun of a second-price auction.
Advisory Panel members inspect apples for visual attractiveness
prior to placing their bids.
Kate Evans (apple Demonstration Breeder, Washington State
Univ.) reveals the identities of the auction’s apple varieties.
Jim Luby (Breeding Team Leader, Univ. of Minnesota) explains
pedigree relationships and inheritance of a particular jewel in
the genome.
4. Page 4Volume 4 Issue 1
Apple Breeder Workshop
By: Cholani Weebadde, Extension Team Leader
The MAB in Action! Apple Breeder Work-
shop took place in San Diego, CA on Janu-
ary 11, 2013 a day prior to the Plant & Ani-
mal Genome Conference. The 21 partici-
pants were apple breeders and students
from U.S., Europe, New Zealand, and
South Africa.
Following a brief introduction by Amy Iez-
zoni (RosBREED’s Project Director), a re-
cap was made by Cameron Peace (MAB
Pipeline Team Leader) of the foundation
laid in the MAB in Action! workshop held in
Miami, FL in August 2012. RosBREED’s
three Demonstration Breeders, Jim Luby
(Univ. of Minnesota), Kate Evans
(Washington State Univ.), and Susan
Brown (Cornell Univ.) then explained how
each of them are using marker-assisted
breeding to increase their breeding effi-
ciency, accuracy, and creativity. Their
presentations included descriptions of DNA
tests currently used to select parents that
would produce the highest proportion of
high-performing seedlings for traits and
combinations such as “fresh sensation,”
fruit storability, resistance to apple scab
disease, and skin color. These DNA tests
were developed by the RosBREED project
and are currently available for the use of all
apple breeders around the world.
Apple breeding trainees of the RosBREED
project described their studies and break-
throughs, and received guidance on con-
tinued success. Allied scientists Kenong
Xu (Cornell University) and David Chagne
(Plant and Food Research, New Zealand)
described their experiences with other
MAB applications, DNA test development,
and genomic studies in apple. Towards the
end of the workshop, Cameron Peace led
a discussion on application of the available
DNA tests for apple and on polishing of
DNA tests that are still “in the pipeline”.
Overall, a flexible agenda engaged workshop participants in productive discussions about apple MAB application. Partic-
ipating apple breeders, allied scientists, and students from around the world left with practical information about available
DNA tests currently in use for supporting apple breeding decisions in crossing and seedling evaluation.
Attendees of RosBREED’s Apple Breeder Workshop, San Diego, CA.
Photo courtesy of Jim McFerson, Washington Tree Fruit Commission.
5. Page 5Volume 4 Issue 1
Strawberry Breeder Workshop
By Jill Bushakra, Research Associate, Molecular Biology, USDA-ARS-NCGR, Corvallis, OR
RosBREED’s MAB in Action! Strawberry Breeder Workshop was
held at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository
and Horticultural Crop Research Unit in Corvallis, OR on January
31 and February 1, 2013. The workshop was attended by public
and private strawberry breeders and allied scientists from the
U.S., Canada, and Europe, as well as representatives from the
strawberry industry, for a total of 33 attendees. The workshop fo-
cused on the progress that RosBREED researchers have made
toward developing DNA tests for strawberry and the issues inher-
ent in working with an octoploid crop.
One of the goals of RosBREED is to accelerate the process from
parent selection to cultivar release by combining marker and trait
information. Currently for strawberry, parent selection to cultivar
release can take from 6-12 years, including nursery propagation
time. A diverse set of strawberry germplasm representing a broad
array of genetics is being evaluated in multiple field locations
across the country. This Strawberry Crop Reference Set includes
165 cultivars chosen from around the world and representing se-
lections from the late 1700s to the present; 70 wild plants from
North and South America (including the Fragaria supercore*); 39
elite breeding parents from six North American (U.S. and Canada)
breeding programs; 340 seedlings of the Michigan State Universi-
ty (MSU) and Oregon State University (OSU) strawberry breeding
programs; and 251 seedlings of mapping populations from The
Netherlands, the U.K., Spain, France, and the U.S. The plan is to
identify and validate jewels in the genome from this widely repre-
sentative breeding germplasm to provide practical tools and
knowledge for strawberry breeders. The phenotypic and genotyp-
ic data from this large study will also be collated and made acces-
sible to all researchers. Data from the 2011 and 2012 seasons is
already available in the Breeding Information Management Sys-
tem hosted on the Genome Database for Rosaceae
(www.rosaceae.org/breeders_toolbox).
The Strawberry Crop Reference Set is being used to determine
the genetics of and DNA test(s) for remontancy, also known as
day-neutrality or perpetual or recurring flowering. Remontancy is
a trait of value to strawberry breeders because expression of this
trait can extend the strawberry growing season. One of the topics
of discussion during the workshop was how to specifically define
and measure remontancy, because expression of the trait can
vary with temperature. Therefore, development of a robust DNA
test for parental selection and seedling screening is of high priori-
ty. To date, one quantitative trait locus (QTL) has been identified
for this trait. The next step to developing robust DNA markers is to
gather data on the variation in expression in different individuals
in different locations over various climatic conditions. Megan
Eric van de Weg of Plant Research International, The
Netherlands, describes how to use the Microsatellite Al-
lele Dosage Configuration Establishment approach to
determine the source of an SSR allele.
Megan Mathey of Oregon State Univ. presents her Mas-
ter’s thesis work on phenotyping the Strawberry Crop Ref-
erence Set.
*The Fragaria Supercore, housed at NCGR, is composed of a diverse set
of F. virginiana and F. chiloensis individuals that span their respective
native geographic ranges.
Photo courtesy of Megan Mathey.
6. Mathey (OSU), Master’s student and “breeding trainee” with Chad
Finn (USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR) and Jim Hancock (MSU), pre-
sented the status of her work relating to this project.
Eric van de Weg of Plant Research International, The Nether-
lands, gave a very interesting presentation on how the octoploid
genome of strawberry can be “diploidized” for marker evaluation.
Strawberry is an allo-octoploid whose genome is divided into four
sub-genomes that do not interact. However, the sub-genomes are
homeologous, therefore markers can also be homeologous and
occur on multiple sub-genomes within an individual. His group has
developed a protocol, Microsatellite Allele Dosage Configuration
Establishment (MADCE), that looks at SSR allele dosage to deter-
mine from which parent and from which sub-genome any allele
has come. This method can make use of markers with skewed
segregation ratios and has the potential to make use of many
more markers and cover much more of the genome than using
markers that just segregate 1:1. The octoploid complexity of culti-
vated strawberry must be resolved for marker-locus-trait associa-
tions to be made and DNA tests developed, and efforts so far have
brought us a long way forward, coordinated across many institu-
tions and experts.
Nahla Bassil (USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR) discussed how the
MADCE technique was used to fingerprint the Strawberry Crop
Reference Set. During DNA fingerprinting, several inconsistencies
were uncovered including finding that some clones used as par-
ents for the breeding populations were not the same individuals at
different locations. It was also discovered that some of the pre-
sumed parents for breeding populations were not correct. There-
fore, MADCE can be used for paternity testing and identity confir-
mation and, in combination with pedigree analysis software, pedi-
gree inconsistencies can be identified and fixed. Dr. Bassil also
summarized a survey of companies providing DNA diagnostic ser-
vices, describing types and costs of services. There is still much
work to do in developing robust, reliable DNA markers especially
for polyploid crops like strawberry.
The workshop ended with a discussion on the types of traits ap-
propriate for marker development. Participants generally agreed
that traits difficult to assess in the field or that take several genera-
tions to express would be most appropriate to target for marker
development. In addition, a genome-wide genotyping approach
was discussed as a possibly more cost-effective method for mark-
er development because many traits, genome-wide, can theoreti-
cally be assessed at one time. Another point of discussion was the
maintenance of the Strawberry Crop Reference Set, providing ac-
cess to the plants and data collected from the plants, and creating a community resource. Jim Hancock suggested pri-
vate companies form a collective to endow research on wild germplasm to maintain interest and improve introgression of
new gene sources, especially disease resistances.
Page 6Volume 4 Issue 1
Chad Finn, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, having fun with a
great group of scientists.
Nahla Bassil of USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR is very excited
about the use of Microsatellite Allele Dosage Configura-
tion Establishment for fingerprinting and paternity testing
in octoploid strawberry.
Workshop attendees enjoy a brief break in the sun.
7. Page 7Volume 4 Issue 1
Deliverables of the RosBREED project for U.S Rosaceae breeders: Part one
By Cameron Peace, Kate Evans, Michael Coe, and Fred Bliss
deliverable [dih-liv-er-uh-buh l]:
A tangible or intangible object produced as a result of a project
that is intended to be delivered to a customer
– www.dictionary.com, www.wikipedia.com
We’re into the final stretch now for the RosBREED project, so it’s time to deliver! Breeders are our primary stakeholders,
and RosBREED’s efforts are designed for your benefit. Although our ongoing progress is reported to our federal agency
(National Institutive of Food and Agriculture), to our enthusiastic Advisory Panels, to the scientific community through
technical journal manuscripts, and to rosaceous crop industries, RosBREED will succeed only if breeders find our work
useful enough to engage and apply in their own programs.
In recent decades, genomics and molecular genetics have promised to influence, impact, REVOLUTIONIZE horticultur-
al breeding. RosBREED is the latest and largest research endeavor to attempt to enable marker-assisted breeding ca-
pacity for U.S. Rosaceae, taking advantage of huge advances in fundamental genomics resources that preceded it and
that continue apace. Now, we must deliver.
This article begins a two-part focus on deliverables to U.S. Rosaceae breeders. While just a few examples are provided
below to set the scene, just you wait till Part Two in May! Finally, in August 2013’s article, the focus will shift to Impacts.
Deliverables
We’ve placed the various types of MAB-enabling deliverables from RosBREED into the categories of Knowledge, Tools,
and Germplasm.
Knowledge: This category of deliverable is the most intangible yet probably the most profound (“teach a man how to
fish...”). RosBREED’s knowledge-based deliverables include expanded professional networks, understanding of useful
concepts and removal of action-limiting misconceptions, new breeding strategies, new protocols, information on plant
identity, socio-economic information about the value of traits, information on trait genetics, pedigree information,
information on genetic potential of breeding germplasm, and experience using DNA markers in breeding programs.
Tools: This category includes more tangible kinds of deliverables: DNA tests (what we like to call “polished jewels”)
and software (to assist with complex analytical processes, helping to sift out valuable nuggets from the ore). Both are
designed to make routine breeding efforts more efficient, accurate, and predictable, as well as to support your creativity
by providing unprecedented access to jewels in the genome and jewels in the germplasm.
Germplasm: This is the most tangible group of deliverables: the material that breeders deal with every day and the
product outputs that ultimately determine the success of breeding efforts. RosBREED’s germplasm deliverables include
access to new genepools, new parents, new progenies, promising selections, and cultivar releases.
Below and in the next Newsletter we will describe specific examples of these deliverables, made available to breeding
programs like yours.
Community Breeders’ Page
Deliverable #1: Knowledge – parentage refuted and deduced for WSU C7 [coded]
To Whom: Kate Evans, pome fruit breeder, Washington State University
Story: The Washington Apple breeding Program (WABP), begun in 1994, uses scores of parents, has advanced more
than a hundred numbered selections, and has generated many tens of thousands of seedlings. Controlled crosses are
made, but not all pedigree records are correct, as contaminating pollen can sneak in and plant labels sometimes get
mixed up. Selection WSU C7 was identified as having several excellent attributes after years of phenotypic evaluation
and eventually advanced to “elite” status in 2010. But its parentage records of ‘Hatsuaki’ × ‘Cripps Pink’ were shown to
be incorrect based on genotyping with two SSR markers at the Ma locus. In fact, the selection’s allelic combination
didn’t match either recorded parent. But two alleles were a match with a specific rare haplotype (believed to partially
contribute to excellent crispness, juiciness, and tartness) found in only one commonly used WABP parent and its off-
spring: ‘Honeycrisp’. The other haplotype is a common one with many possible donors. WSU C7’s parentage was up-
dated to ‘Honeycrisp’ open-pollinated.
8. Page 8Volume 4 Issue 1
Community Breeders’ Page cont.
Deliverable #2: Knowledge – “fresh sensation” genetic potential for new parents
To Whom: Kate Evans, pome fruit breeder, Washington State University
Story: The WABP’s advanced selections are not only candidates for new cultivar
releases, but also represent possible parents to help aggregate valuable alleles
into the next generation of superior cultivars. Two SSRs at the Ma locus associat-
ed with “fresh sensation” traits of tartness, crispness, and juiciness were used to
obtain predictive functional genotypes of WABP parent cultivars and selections.
This SSR genotyping has already been used to identify several elite selections
with valuable alleles to use as parents.
Deliverable #3: Knowledge – “fresh sensation” genotype for new cultivar, ‘WA 38’
To Whom: Kate Evans, pome fruit breeder, Washington State University
Story: The young WABP has now officially released three cultivars. The most re-
cent, ‘WA 38’, was released in early 2012 and is currently being mass-propagated
to provide commercial-scale planting material. ‘WA 38’ is exceptionally crisp and
juicy all year round and has spritely tartness – a fresh sensation with every bite!
This crispness and juiciness are believed to be due at least in part to a
‘Honeycrisp’ haplotype that ‘WA 38’ carries at the Ma locus inherited from its con-
firmed father, ‘Honeycrisp’. The expected orchard performance of this new cultivar
is therefore partially predicted by DNA-based information from RosBREED – and
soon the public will be able to enjoy the great taste of ‘WA 38’ while benefiting
from the nutritional goodness of apples!
Deliverable #4: Tool – DNA test of “fresh sensation” for routine seedling screening
To Whom: Kate Evans, pome fruit breeder, Washington State University
Story: An SSR-based DNA test targeting the Ma locus helps predict trait levels for tartness, crispness, and juiciness.
Prior to RosBREED, this was a crude tool. The test has since been refined using large-scale multi-location phenotypic
evaluations conducted across three breeding programs, now in their third season, combined with SNP-based genome-
scanning. The DNA test originally used two SSRs, while now we use just one. This SSR marker is easy to run and
score and very cost-effective – vital features for screening thousands of WABP seedlings each year.
Deliverable #5: Germplasm – new families in breeding nursery with superior genetics
To Whom: Kate Evans, pome fruit breeder, Washington State University
Story: Following crossing and obtaining seed in 2011, more than
5000 germinated seedlings from seven families had their DNA
extracted and were screened in 2012 with the DNA test described
in Deliverable #4. The DNA-based technicalities took place in the
Washington Tree Fruit Genotyping Lab in Pullman, WA. Selecting
only those seedlings with superior “fresh sensation” genetics, Kate
reduced the family sizes by more than half. About 2000 seedlings
were then moved to a nursery where they’ll be bud grafted in 2013
and then planted in the breeding orchard in 2015. The creation
and crafting of these families were therefore guided with
RosBREED’s polished Ma locus DNA test.
WA 38, photo courtesy of Bruce Barritt.
9. Page 9
Jewels in the Genome
By Amy Iezzoni, Project Director
What is a “Jewel in the Genome?”
An individual’s genome is the full complement of genetic information inherited from its parents. Within this vast
repertoire of genetic information, individual genes are being discovered that control critical production and fruit
quality traits. As valuable rosaceous gene discoveries are made and put into breeding applications, we describe
them as “Jewels in the Genome.”
Tart cherry skin and flesh color varies widely from dark purple skin and flesh to orange skin
and colorless flesh due to differences in anthocyanin pigmentation. Fruit flesh color variation is
used to define market types with dark red-purple flesh types called “Morello” and clear fleshed
types called “Amarello”. As tart cherries are primarily used for processing, individual food man-
ufacturers frequently have a color preference. The clear-fleshed ‘Montmorency’, the dominant
cultivar in the U.S., is preferred for cherry pie, while dark-fleshed types are preferred in Europe
for processed products such as juice, jam and compote. In apple and sweet cherry (and many
other fruits), members of an anthocyanin-activating group of genes called MYB transcription
factors control this variation for red skin and flesh color (Chagné et al., 2007; Espley et al.,
2007; Sooriyapathirana et al., 2010). It was hypothesized that the same MYB gene may control
fruit skin and flesh color in tart cherry because sweet cherry is a progenitor species of tart cher-
ry. Addressing this hypothesis was complicated by the fact that tart cherry is genetically more
complex than sweet cherry as it possesses twice as many chromosomes that pair somewhat
erratically at meiosis. Therefore, unlike sweet cherry individuals where two alleles are present
at the MYB locus, each tart cherry cultivar or seedling has four alleles at the MYB locus.
Thirteen alleles of the MYB locus in tart cherry germplasm were defined based on 17 polymor-
phic DNA markers that span a ~7 cM region (T. Stegmeir, pers. comm.). Four of these alleles,
observed in various combinations in breeding germplasm, were found to be predictive of in-
creased pigmentation. In contrast, the clear-juiced ‘Montmorency’ was found not to possess any of these four dark color
alleles. Most importantly, allele combinations associated with the fruit color desired by U.S. processors, i.e., bright red
skin and flesh, were also identified.
Genetic knowledge of the MYB alleles allows the tart cherry breeder to discard seedlings predicted to have very dark
fruit flesh color prior to incurring the expense of field planting. Therefore the seedling population in the breeding orchard
will be enriched for individuals with the desired fruit flesh color.
This example illustrates how the common ancestry of rosaceous
fruit crops can be used to accelerate discoveries across species
boundaries. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the genetic tools
developed in the RosBREED project (Peace et al., 2012) can be
effectively used to dissect the genetic complexity of the MYB locus
in this complicated polyploid. The duplicated MYB locus in tart cher-
ry is chosen as the 13th
“Jewel in the Genome” because knowledge
of this region is leading to more efficient breeding of tart cherry.
Chagné, D., Carlisle, C., Blond, C., Volz, R., Whitworth, C., Oraguzie, N.,
Crowhurst, R., Allan, A., Espley, R., Hellens, R., and Gardiner, S. 2007.
Mapping a candidate gene (MdMYB10) for red flesh and foliage colour in
apple. BMC Genomics 8:212.
Espley, R.V., Hellens, R.P., Putterill, J., Stevenson, D.E., Kutty-Amma, S.,
and Allan, A.C. 2007. Red colouration in apple fruit is due to the activity of
the MYB transcription factor, MdMYB10. Plant J. 49:414–427
Peace, C., Bassil, N., Main, D., Ficklin, S., Rosyara, U.R., Stegmeir, T.,
Sebolt, A., Gilmore, B., Lawley, C., Mockler, T.C., Bryant, D.W., and Iez-
zoni, A. 2012. Development and evaluation of a genome-wide 6K SNP
array for diploid sweet cherry and tetraploid sour cherry. PLoS ONE 7(12):
e48305.
Sooriyapathirana, S.S., Khan, A., Sebolt, A.M., Wang, D., Bushakra, J.M.,
Lin-Wang, K., Allan, A.C., Gardiner, S.E., Chagné, D., Iezzoni, A.F. 2010.
QTL analysis and candidate gene mapping for skin and flesh color in
sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.). Tree Genetics and Genomes 6:821-
832.
Volume 4 Issue 1
Clear fleshed cultivar,
‘Montmorency’, left, and
a dark fleshed Europe-
an cultivar, right.
Inheritance of red flesh color illustrated with progeny
from the cross 'Balaton' × 'Surefire'. Left: Phenotypic
scale used to rate flesh color. Top: 'Balaton' and Sure-
fire' each have one copy of a MYB allele, termed allele
"d" and "e", respectively, that contribute to dark red
flesh color. Bottom right: Progeny mean flesh scores
with the presence or absence of the "d" and "e" color
alleles. Different letters following mean scores repre-
sent statistical differences (P>0.05). Image courtesy of
Travis Stegmeir.
10. Page 10
Calendar of events
May 29-31, 2013. Fourth Annual RosBREED Project Participant Meeting, East Lansing,
MI.
July 22-25, 2013. American Society for Horticultural Science Conference, Palm Desert,
CA.
Volume 4 Issue 1
Visit us at
www.rosbreed.org
Contact information
RosBREED project director:
Amy Iezzoni (Michigan State University)
RosBREED Team Leaders:
RosBREED: Enabling marker-assisted breeding in Rosaceae