The document provides an overview of UML 2.4 and describes how to model systems using class diagrams and activity diagrams. It explains key components of class diagrams like classes, attributes, associations, and generalizations. It also describes important elements of activity diagrams such as partitions, flows, actions, and interrupts. The document uses examples from statistical data to demonstrate how to model studies, variables, questionnaires, and the process of publishing variable lists.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It uses mainly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type shows different aspects of a system and allows developers and customers to view it from different perspectives.
Detailed description and introduction to UML(Unified Modeling Language).Structural and behavioral modeling.Class Diagram, Object Diagram.Notation for building all kinds of UML diagrams.
The document discusses various modeling techniques used to model complex software systems, including UML diagrams. It describes different types of UML diagrams like class diagrams, object diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains concepts like classes, associations, generalizations, aggregations, and interfaces. It provides examples of how these diagrams can be used to model different types of relationships between classes and objects.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software systems. The document outlines the basics of UML including common diagram types like use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams. It also discusses modeling tools that support working with UML diagrams.
Welcome to my series of articles on Unified Modeling Language. This is "Session 3 – Class Diagram" of the series.
Please view my other documents where I have covered each UML diagram with examples
Here we are trying to describe the UML diagrams. Those are Use-Case diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Er Diagram, Class Diagram, Data-Flow Diagram. We describe the details figure of those diagrams.
The document provides information about UML (Unified Modeling Language), including its goals, why it is used, and common diagram types. UML is a standard language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems and business processes. It uses mainly graphical notations to express the design of software projects. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. Each diagram type shows different aspects of a system and allows developers and customers to view it from different perspectives.
Detailed description and introduction to UML(Unified Modeling Language).Structural and behavioral modeling.Class Diagram, Object Diagram.Notation for building all kinds of UML diagrams.
The document discusses various modeling techniques used to model complex software systems, including UML diagrams. It describes different types of UML diagrams like class diagrams, object diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains concepts like classes, associations, generalizations, aggregations, and interfaces. It provides examples of how these diagrams can be used to model different types of relationships between classes and objects.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software systems. The document outlines the basics of UML including common diagram types like use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams. It also discusses modeling tools that support working with UML diagrams.
Welcome to my series of articles on Unified Modeling Language. This is "Session 3 – Class Diagram" of the series.
Please view my other documents where I have covered each UML diagram with examples
Here we are trying to describe the UML diagrams. Those are Use-Case diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Er Diagram, Class Diagram, Data-Flow Diagram. We describe the details figure of those diagrams.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the key principles of modeling and an overview of UML. The UML is a standard language for writing software blueprints and can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The UML has building blocks like classes, objects, use cases and relationships. It consists of diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams. The UML addresses multiple views of a system including use case, design, interaction and implementation views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
An object diagram shows specific instances of classifiers like classes at a point in time, depicting a snapshot of the detailed state of a system. It uses similar notation to class diagrams to show objects and their relationships. Object diagrams can be used during analysis to verify class diagrams, or to discover facts about model elements before creating class diagrams. They assign values to object attributes and instances to associations to illustrate examples.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-
purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field
of software engineering, that is intended to provide a
standard way to visualize the design of a system.
The document discusses various types of UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams (sequence and collaboration diagrams), state diagrams, and activity diagrams. It provides details on when each diagram should be used and includes examples to illustrate how to draw each type of diagram. The key points covered are that UML diagrams allow viewing a software system from different perspectives and varying degrees of abstraction, and each diagram type has a specific purpose to model different aspects of a system.
The document discusses UML package diagrams and their basic notations. It explains that package diagrams are used to represent the logical architecture of a system by illustrating layers, subsystems, and packages. Packages can contain classes, other packages, use cases, and other elements. Packages can also be nested within one another. Dependency lines show dependent packages.
The document discusses Object Definition Language (ODL) which is used to define object-oriented databases by specifying classes, attributes, operations, and relationships similarly to how SQL defines relational databases. It also examines some examples of using ODL to define database schemas and create object instances, and discusses how an Object Query Language (OQL) can be used to query objects in an object-oriented database in a way similar to SQL. Finally, it briefly mentions some popular object database management system products and examples of applications that use object-oriented databases.
The document discusses several modeling techniques used in software development including the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling, and dimensional modeling. It provides an overview of UML diagrams including use case, class, sequence, activity, and other diagrams. It also explains the basic concepts of ER modeling such as entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities. Finally, it gives an example of modeling a company database using ER diagrams with entities for departments, projects, employees, and their attributes and relationships.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, which are used for object-oriented modeling. UML has 14 types of diagrams divided into structure diagrams, behavior diagrams, and interaction diagrams. Structure diagrams represent structural elements like classes and components. Behavior diagrams represent behaviors like workflows and state transitions. Interaction diagrams emphasize message flows and include sequence diagrams and communication diagrams.
This document provides an overview of class diagrams and use case diagrams in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines key elements of class diagrams like classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. It also explains different types of relationships like association, aggregation, and generalization. The document then discusses use case diagrams and how to identify actors and scenarios. It emphasizes focusing on the user's goal when defining use cases rather than system tasks. Finally, it notes that use case diagrams show multiple use cases and actors to provide system context.
Object-oriented data modeling centers around objects and classes, involves inheritance and encapsulates both data and behavior. The key benefits include the ability to tackle complex problems, improved communication, increased consistency, explicit representation of commonality among components, and system robustness and reusability. Object-oriented modeling is frequently accomplished using the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Lect-4: UML diagrams - Unified Modeling Language - SPMMubashir Ali
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using graphical diagrams. There are several types of UML diagrams that can be used at different stages of development, including structural diagrams like class and component diagrams, behavioral diagrams like activity and state machine diagrams, and interaction diagrams like sequence and communication diagrams. The document provides examples and descriptions of many common UML diagram types like class, component, deployment, activity, and sequence diagrams and discusses how each can be used to model different aspects of a software system.
If you're new to UML, our UML tutorial can get you on the right path. Learn more about what The Unified Modeling Language is, what it does, and why it's important.
A class diagram describes the structure of a system by showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. A class represents a set of objects with common properties. Attributes and operations are included within classes. Relationships between classes such as associations, generalizations, and dependencies are also shown graphically. The class diagram provides an overview of the system design and structure.
The Ultimate Guide for UML Class Diagrams by CreatelyCreately
The Easy Guide to UML Class Diagrams | Class Diagram Tutorial
by Creately.
Creately offers wide range of UML Class Diagram Templates which can be edited instantly using our online Editor. We have listed several Class Diagram Templates in this tutorial covering some of the most popular areas in the industry along with comprehensive guide for UML Class diagram templates. You can find many more Class Diagram templates on our diagram community as well. All our popular UML Class diagram templates are available for free. Just click on the "Use as Template" button to immediately start modifying it using our online diagramming tools.
Object Oriented Approach for Software DevelopmentRishabh Soni
This document provides an overview of object-oriented design methodologies. It discusses key object-oriented concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the three main models used in object-oriented analysis: the object model, dynamic model, and functional model. Finally, it outlines the typical stages of the object-oriented development life cycle, including system conception, analysis, system design, class design, and implementation.
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. It also covers how to map an entity-relationship diagram to a set of normalized relational tables by decomposing relations to eliminate anomalies. The goal of normalization is to avoid data duplication and inconsistencies through transformations like removing partial and transitive dependencies.
A class diagram shows the structure of a system by depicting classes, their attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. It is used for requirement capture, end-user interaction, and development. A class diagram depicts classes and their interrelationships through associations like generalization, aggregation, and composition. It also shows constraints and notes. An object diagram represents a concrete instance of a class diagram at a particular moment by showing specific objects.
Cincom Synchrony is a software solution that helps healthcare organizations overcome challenges from US healthcare reform through three key capabilities: 1) Intelligent Guidance that provides real-time guidance for customer interactions; 2) a unified customer view that presents holistic patient information; and 3) cross-channel continuity across communication channels. The solution aims to improve care quality and reduce costs in line with reform goals through smarter customer interactions.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the key principles of modeling and an overview of UML. The UML is a standard language for writing software blueprints and can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The UML has building blocks like classes, objects, use cases and relationships. It consists of diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams. The UML addresses multiple views of a system including use case, design, interaction and implementation views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
An object diagram shows specific instances of classifiers like classes at a point in time, depicting a snapshot of the detailed state of a system. It uses similar notation to class diagrams to show objects and their relationships. Object diagrams can be used during analysis to verify class diagrams, or to discover facts about model elements before creating class diagrams. They assign values to object attributes and instances to associations to illustrate examples.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-
purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field
of software engineering, that is intended to provide a
standard way to visualize the design of a system.
The document discusses various types of UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams (sequence and collaboration diagrams), state diagrams, and activity diagrams. It provides details on when each diagram should be used and includes examples to illustrate how to draw each type of diagram. The key points covered are that UML diagrams allow viewing a software system from different perspectives and varying degrees of abstraction, and each diagram type has a specific purpose to model different aspects of a system.
The document discusses UML package diagrams and their basic notations. It explains that package diagrams are used to represent the logical architecture of a system by illustrating layers, subsystems, and packages. Packages can contain classes, other packages, use cases, and other elements. Packages can also be nested within one another. Dependency lines show dependent packages.
The document discusses Object Definition Language (ODL) which is used to define object-oriented databases by specifying classes, attributes, operations, and relationships similarly to how SQL defines relational databases. It also examines some examples of using ODL to define database schemas and create object instances, and discusses how an Object Query Language (OQL) can be used to query objects in an object-oriented database in a way similar to SQL. Finally, it briefly mentions some popular object database management system products and examples of applications that use object-oriented databases.
The document discusses several modeling techniques used in software development including the Unified Modeling Language (UML), Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling, and dimensional modeling. It provides an overview of UML diagrams including use case, class, sequence, activity, and other diagrams. It also explains the basic concepts of ER modeling such as entities, attributes, relationships, and cardinalities. Finally, it gives an example of modeling a company database using ER diagrams with entities for departments, projects, employees, and their attributes and relationships.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, which are used for object-oriented modeling. UML has 14 types of diagrams divided into structure diagrams, behavior diagrams, and interaction diagrams. Structure diagrams represent structural elements like classes and components. Behavior diagrams represent behaviors like workflows and state transitions. Interaction diagrams emphasize message flows and include sequence diagrams and communication diagrams.
This document provides an overview of class diagrams and use case diagrams in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines key elements of class diagrams like classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. It also explains different types of relationships like association, aggregation, and generalization. The document then discusses use case diagrams and how to identify actors and scenarios. It emphasizes focusing on the user's goal when defining use cases rather than system tasks. Finally, it notes that use case diagrams show multiple use cases and actors to provide system context.
Object-oriented data modeling centers around objects and classes, involves inheritance and encapsulates both data and behavior. The key benefits include the ability to tackle complex problems, improved communication, increased consistency, explicit representation of commonality among components, and system robustness and reusability. Object-oriented modeling is frequently accomplished using the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Lect-4: UML diagrams - Unified Modeling Language - SPMMubashir Ali
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using graphical diagrams. There are several types of UML diagrams that can be used at different stages of development, including structural diagrams like class and component diagrams, behavioral diagrams like activity and state machine diagrams, and interaction diagrams like sequence and communication diagrams. The document provides examples and descriptions of many common UML diagram types like class, component, deployment, activity, and sequence diagrams and discusses how each can be used to model different aspects of a software system.
If you're new to UML, our UML tutorial can get you on the right path. Learn more about what The Unified Modeling Language is, what it does, and why it's important.
A class diagram describes the structure of a system by showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. A class represents a set of objects with common properties. Attributes and operations are included within classes. Relationships between classes such as associations, generalizations, and dependencies are also shown graphically. The class diagram provides an overview of the system design and structure.
The Ultimate Guide for UML Class Diagrams by CreatelyCreately
The Easy Guide to UML Class Diagrams | Class Diagram Tutorial
by Creately.
Creately offers wide range of UML Class Diagram Templates which can be edited instantly using our online Editor. We have listed several Class Diagram Templates in this tutorial covering some of the most popular areas in the industry along with comprehensive guide for UML Class diagram templates. You can find many more Class Diagram templates on our diagram community as well. All our popular UML Class diagram templates are available for free. Just click on the "Use as Template" button to immediately start modifying it using our online diagramming tools.
Object Oriented Approach for Software DevelopmentRishabh Soni
This document provides an overview of object-oriented design methodologies. It discusses key object-oriented concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the three main models used in object-oriented analysis: the object model, dynamic model, and functional model. Finally, it outlines the typical stages of the object-oriented development life cycle, including system conception, analysis, system design, class design, and implementation.
The document discusses logical database design and the relational model. It defines key concepts like relations, attributes, keys, and integrity constraints. It also covers how to map an entity-relationship diagram to a set of normalized relational tables by decomposing relations to eliminate anomalies. The goal of normalization is to avoid data duplication and inconsistencies through transformations like removing partial and transitive dependencies.
A class diagram shows the structure of a system by depicting classes, their attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. It is used for requirement capture, end-user interaction, and development. A class diagram depicts classes and their interrelationships through associations like generalization, aggregation, and composition. It also shows constraints and notes. An object diagram represents a concrete instance of a class diagram at a particular moment by showing specific objects.
Cincom Synchrony is a software solution that helps healthcare organizations overcome challenges from US healthcare reform through three key capabilities: 1) Intelligent Guidance that provides real-time guidance for customer interactions; 2) a unified customer view that presents holistic patient information; and 3) cross-channel continuity across communication channels. The solution aims to improve care quality and reduce costs in line with reform goals through smarter customer interactions.
The document discusses using a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture to manage data modeling projects. It describes using an abstract data module based on the DDI ontology with concrete modules for each project that inherit and extend the abstract module. A RESTful interface is proposed to access resources identified by URIs. The abstract data model is implemented as domain classes with attributes and relations according to MVC and can generate views, storage models, and abstract persistence APIs. Extending the DDI ontology allows projects to add custom fields while maintaining compatibility. Sharing source code and data modules between projects via version control is described.
The document discusses the results of an online survey of approximately 200 health activists regarding health care companies' use of social media and the need for regulation. Some key findings include:
- Most respondents agreed that health care companies' use of social media can help people understand health issues, and that companies should participate in social media. However, many felt regulation is needed.
- A majority felt that while company content is valuable, misinformation is still frequently spread online. Most agreed companies should monitor for misinformation.
- Respondents thought upcoming FDA guidance on social media would increase or not affect companies' social media use. Many also felt the delay in guidance had increased or not changed social media use.
La tecnología ha cambiado la forma en que vivimos y trabajamos. Ahora dependemos de computadoras, teléfonos inteligentes y otros dispositivos para comunicarnos y realizar tareas. Si bien la tecnología ha traído muchos beneficios, también plantea nuevos desafíos en áreas como la privacidad, la seguridad cibernética y el futuro del trabajo a medida que más tareas se automatizan.
This document introduces the DDI-RDF Discovery Vocabulary, which is a metadata vocabulary for documenting research and survey data as linked data on the web. It provides a conceptual model and overview of the vocabulary, which was developed by mapping concepts from the established DDI standard for social science data documentation to RDF. The vocabulary aims to improve discovery, publishing and linking of microdata by representing DDI metadata as linked data. It was developed by an international community of statistics and linked data experts over multiple workshops.
Lecture#02, building blocks of uml ASEbabak danyal
The document discusses the basic building blocks of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which include things, relationships, and diagrams. It describes the four categories of things - structural things, behavioral things, grouping things, and annotational things. Structural things include classes, interfaces, collaborations, use cases, active classes, components, and nodes. Behavioral things include interactions and state machines. The one grouping thing is packages. Notes are the sole annotational thing. Relationships include dependencies, associations, generalizations, and realizations. Diagrams include structural diagrams like class diagrams and behavioral diagrams like sequence diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a general-purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. UML uses graphical notation to represent the design of software projects including concepts like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and more. It provides a standard way to visualize a system from different perspectives including structural and behavioral views.
The document provides information on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its various diagrams used for modeling software systems. It discusses the background and benefits of object-oriented modeling. It then describes UML as a modeling language comprising various diagram types to capture different views of a system, including structural, behavioral, implementation and user views. Specific diagram types covered include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and object diagrams. Examples are provided for each diagram type to illustrate their elements and notation.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using mainly graphical diagrams. It includes diagrams for use cases, class structure, object interaction, state machines, activities, components and deployment. UML aims to provide a standard way to visualize a system's architectural design which can be understood by all stakeholders and serves as input for the implementation.
This document describes object-oriented concepts and modeling techniques. It defines key terms like object, class, instance, relationships between classes including generalization, aggregation, and association. It provides examples of modeling a car and sales order system. It also describes domain modeling and analysis techniques like identifying objects and classes from a problem statement, developing a data dictionary, and structuring classes using inheritance.
The document discusses the differences between software analysis and design. It provides details on:
- Analysis focuses on clarifying requirements and exploring the problem domain to identify concepts and analysis classes.
- Design starts with exploring the solution domain to formulate the system design using tools like class and object diagrams.
- Key outcomes of analysis include requirement specifications while design outcomes include low-level system design documentation.
- Analysis involves system analysts and end users while design involves system architects and developers.
The object-oriented class is, in general, the most utilized element in programming and modeling. It is employed throughout the software development process, from early domain analysis phases to later maintenance phases. A class diagram typically uses elements of graph theory, e.g., boxes, ovals, lines. Many researchers have examined the class diagram layout from different perspectives, including visibility, juxtaposability, and aesthetics. While software systems can be incredibly complex, class diagrams represent a very broad picture of the system as a whole. The key to understanding of such complexity is use of tools such as diagrams at various levels of representation. This paper develops a more elaborate diagrammatic description of the class diagram that includes flows of attributes, thus providing a basic representation for specifying behavior and control instead of merely listing methods.
The document discusses using UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams to aid in database design specification. It provides an overview of UML, describes common UML diagrams like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. An example of modeling a hotel reservation system is also presented to demonstrate how to implement UML diagrams.
The document discusses class diagrams and how to identify classes in object-oriented analysis and design. It defines key concepts like objects, classes, state, behavior, and identity. It explains that a class is a template for creating objects that share attributes and behaviors. The document provides guidelines for discovering different types of classes, specifically entity classes, boundary classes, and control classes. It also discusses stereotypes that can be applied to classes.
The document discusses advanced structural modeling concepts in object-oriented software engineering, including advanced classes, relationships, interfaces, types and roles, packages, and object diagrams. It defines these concepts and provides examples to illustrate their usage and relationships.
This document discusses UML modeling and provides examples of different UML diagrams. It begins by explaining that UML models a system using functional, object, and dynamic models represented by use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams. Each diagram type is then defined in 1-2 sentences. Examples are given of class diagrams modeling objects, attributes, operations and relationships for a emergency response system. Advanced class diagram features like generalization, inheritance hierarchies, and multiple discriminators are also covered briefly. Finally, the document mentions UML's Object Constraint Language (OCL) is used to specify preconditions, postconditions, and invariants.
This document discusses basic behavioral modeling using interaction diagrams. It defines key terms like interaction, context, objects and roles, links and connectors, messages, and sequencing. It explains the difference between sequence diagrams, which emphasize time ordering of messages, and collaboration diagrams, which emphasize the structural organization of roles. Both diagram types are semantically equivalent but show information differently. Interaction diagrams are commonly used to model dynamic system behavior by showing message flow between roles.
The document defines and explains the key components of a UML class diagram, including classes, attributes, operations, relationships between classes like generalization, association, aggregation, and composition. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts, such as a class diagram for an order system that shows classes like Order and Product connected by associations.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in object-oriented programming, including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Classes define the attributes and behaviors of objects. Objects are instantiated from classes and have their own distinct attribute values. Encapsulation involves collecting attributes and behaviors within a class and allowing some to remain hidden. Inheritance allows new classes to extend existing classes and reuse attributes and methods. Polymorphism enables the same message to produce different behaviors depending on the receiving object's class.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming concepts including classes, objects, relationships between classes and objects, and modeling with UML diagrams. It discusses key OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also explains the object-oriented development life cycle including analysis, design, and implementation phases. Specific examples of class diagrams are provided for a library management system to illustrate class relationships and modeling.
This document provides an outline for a lecture on software design and architecture. It discusses key concepts like classes and objects, visibility, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and design patterns. The document also includes disclaimers about the source of the material and its intended educational use.
UML is a standard language for modeling object-oriented software systems. This document discusses UML modeling and the tools used to create UML diagrams. It describes the key features needed in a UML tool, including supporting all nine UML diagram types, forward and reverse engineering of code from diagrams, and version control/documentation of models. UML tools automate diagram creation and maintenance, and help synchronize design models with code changes during development.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its key concepts, terms, and diagram types. It discusses object-orientation, use cases, class diagrams, behavioral modeling using sequence, collaboration, state chart and activity diagrams. It also covers implementation using component and deployment diagrams. The main UML diagram types are use case, class, sequence, state chart, activity, component and deployment diagrams.
Similar to 2012.10 - DDI Lifecycle - Moving Forward - 3 (20)
Doctoral Examination at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (08.07.2016)Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
In this thesis, a validation framework is introduced that enables to consistently execute RDF-based constraint languages on RDF data and to formulate constraints of any type. The framework reduces the representation of constraints to the absolute minimum, is based on formal logics, consists of a small lightweight vocabulary, and ensures consistency regarding validation results and enables constraint transformations for each constraint type across RDF-based constraint languages.
The formulation of constraints and the validation of RDF data against these constraints is a common requirement and a much sought-after feature, particularly as this is taken for granted in the XML world. Recently, RDF validation as a research field gained speed due to shared needs of data practitioners from a variety of domains. For constraint formulation and RDF data validation, several languages exist or are currently developed. Yet, none of the languages is able to meet all requirements raised by data professionals.
We have published a set of constraint types that are required by diverse stakeholders for data applications. We use these constraint types to gain a better understanding of the expressiveness of solutions, investigate the role that reasoning plays in practical data validation, and give directions for the further development of constraint languages.
We introduce a validation framework that enables to consistently execute RDF-based constraint languages on RDF data and to formulate constraints of any type in a way that mappings from high-level constraint languages to an intermediate generic representation can be created straight-forwardly. The framework reduces the representation of constraints to the absolute minimum, is based on formal logics, and consists of a very simple conceptual model with a small lightweight vocabulary. We demonstrate that using another layer on top of SPARQL ensures consistency regarding validation results and enables constraint transformations for each constraint type across RDF-based constraint languages.
2016.02 - Validating RDF Data Quality using Constraints to Direct the Develop...Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
For research institutes, data libraries, and data
archives, RDF data validation according to predefined constraints
is a much sought-after feature, particularly as this is taken
for granted in the XML world. Based on our work in the
DCMI RDF Application Profiles Task Group and in cooperation
with the W3C Data Shapes Working Group, we identified and
published by today 81 types of constraints that are required
by various stakeholders for data applications. In this paper,
in collaboration with several domain experts we formulate 115
constraints on three different vocabularies (DDI-RDF, QB, and
SKOS) and classify them according to (1) the severity of an
occurring violation and (2) the complexity of the constraint
expression in common constraint languages. We evaluate the
data quality of 15,694 data sets (4.26 billion triples) of research
data for the social, behavioral, and economic sciences obtained
from 33 SPARQL endpoints. Based on the results, we formulate
several findings to direct the further development of constraint
languages.
The document discusses the role of reasoning for RDF validation. It finds that:
1. Reasoning can resolve or cause validation violations and reduce redundancy. Around 43% of constraint types benefit from reasoning.
2. Validating with reasoning is more computationally expensive, ranging from PTIME to N2EXPTIME complexity depending on the reasoning type.
3. Around 57% of constraint types are independent of the closed-world assumption, while 67% depend on the unique name assumption when validating. Validation results differ depending on the semantics assumed.
Recently, RDF validation as a research field gained speed due to common needs of data practitioners. A typical example is the library domain that co-developed and adopted Linked Data principles very early. Although, there are multiple constraint languages (having different syntaxes and semantics) which can be used to express RDF constraints such as cardinality restrictions, there is no constraint language which can be seen as the standard. The five most promising ones on being the standard are Description Set Profiles (DSP), Resource Shapes (ReSh), Shape Expressions (ShEx), the SPARQL Inferencing Notation (SPIN), and the Web Ontology Language (OWL 2). SPARQL is generally seen as the method of choice to validate RDF data according to certain constraints. We use SPIN, a SPARQL-based way to formulate and check constraints, as basis to define a validation environment (available at http://purl.org/net/rdfval-demo) to validate RDF data according to constraints expressed by arbitrary constraint languages. Additionally, the RDF Validator can be used to validate RDF data to ensure correct syntax and intended semantics of vocabularies such as Disco, Data Cube, DCAT, and SKOS. We present how to express typical RDF constraints by multiple constraint languages and how to actually validate RDF data conforming to these constraints using the RDF Validator. The workshop participants are encouraged to use the RDF Validator during this session (only an internet browser is needed) in order to express RDF constraints they need for their individual purposes.
- Existing controlled vocabularies (CVs) from DDI are available in RDF format, represented using SKOS, with each CV as a skos:ConceptScheme and entries as skos:Concepts. Versioning is supported.
- Mappings are defined between DDI and other vocabularies like PROV-O, Data Cube and DCAT to represent relationships between statistical data, studies, datasets and catalogs.
- Work is ongoing to map DDI-XML to the Disco ontology to represent statistical metadata in RDF, with the aim of enabling the publication and linking of statistical data as Linked Data on the web.
This document provides an overview of the Disco data discovery specification. It summarizes key aspects like studies, variables, datasets, files, metadata, and statistics. Disco allows searching for metadata and data according to criteria like topic, location, and time. Summary statistics and category statistics are presented for variables.
The document discusses various ways to formulate and validate constraints on RDF data, including using OWL 2, SHACL, SPIN, and SPARQL. It provides examples of constraints for class-specific property disjointness, data type ranges for literal values, pattern matching on literals, required properties, transitive properties, and more. Each example includes an RDF constraint, sample valid and invalid data, and a link to an online validator for testing.
2014.10 - Requirements on RDF Constraint Formulation and Validation (DC 2014)Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
This document discusses RDF validation requirements and describes several RDF validation techniques including constraint languages like DSP and OWL2, validators, and ways to contribute to an RDF validation database. It provides examples of constraints for required properties and disjoint property groups for a specific class, along with matching and non-matching RDF data.
The New Microdata Information System (MISSY) - Integration of DDI-based Data ...Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
The New Microdata Information System (MISSY) - Integration of DDI-based Data Models, an Open-Source Software Architecture, and Independent Persistence Service Implementations
Use Cases and Vocabularies Related to the DDI-RDF Discovery Vocabulary (EDDI ...Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
The document discusses using DDI (Data Documentation Initiative) as linked data to enable discovery of metadata and data across different sources. It presents an RDF vocabulary to represent DDI concepts like studies, instruments, variables, analysis units, and datasets. This vocabulary aims to allow users to search for microdata, aggregated data, and associated datasets based on specific metadata, understand how aggregated data is derived from microdata, and discover statistics about variables and categories. The vocabulary is intended to facilitate finding data created by particular research institutes.
Towards the Discovery of Person-Level Data (SemStats, ISWC 2013) [2013.10]Dr.-Ing. Thomas Hartmann
This document summarizes an international workshop on using statistical metadata as linked open data to facilitate the discovery of person-level and aggregated data. It presents an overview of a proposed model for publishing study, instrument, variable and dataset information as linked data using DDI (Data Documentation Initiative) and other vocabularies. The model would support use cases like searching for specific microdata or aggregated data, determining the datasets associated with search results, and tracing the derivation of aggregate data from source microdata. The workshop brought together experts from statistics and linked data to develop recommendations on representing statistical metadata in a machine-readable format.
The document discusses sharing DDI-related software modules between projects. It describes the Microdata Information System (MISSY) which documents studies on a variable level, including several German and EU studies. It proposes reusable modules based on a multitier architecture and the DDI Discovery Vocabulary data model. Modules would follow patterns like MVC and be shared in a GitHub repository.
This document discusses the software architecture for MISSY, a software tool for managing study documentation. It outlines several key requirements for developers, including reusability, stability, extensibility, and use of modern technologies. The proposed architecture follows a multitier model-view-controller pattern. It separates the data model from persistence strategies and business logic. The data model is based on the DDI-RDF Discovery Vocabulary (DISCO) but allows customization. Persistence can be implemented through different strategies like relational databases or XML. The architecture is designed to be abstract and modular to support flexibility and reuse across projects.
This document summarizes a presentation on developing a next generation version of MISSY, a software system for documenting metadata about microdata surveys in Germany. Key points include:
- The current MISSY system will be expanded to include additional surveys and implement a modern web architecture using MVC pattern and Apache Maven.
- A DDI-RDF Discovery Vocabulary is being developed to publish microdata and metadata as linked open data to increase visibility, reuse and harmonization of microdata.
- The next generation MISSY will have a modular architecture separating presentation, business logic, and data access layers to improve maintainability and flexibility. Data models will be implemented following the DDI standards.
The document provides an introduction to the Microdata Information System (MISSY) and Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) metadata standard with a technical perspective. It outlines MISSY and key DDI structures like DDIInstance, StudyUnit, ConceptualComponent, LogicalProduct and DataCollection. It describes use cases in MISSY like viewing variable details and comparisons between variables. Finally, it discusses DDI concepts like ResourcePackage, Group and Comparison in more detail.
The document discusses sharing DDI-related software modules between projects by developing a backend architecture with reusable modules. It proposes using the DDI Discovery Vocabulary and MISSY data models as a basis, developing the modules following a multitier architecture using patterns like MVC and DAO, and hosting the code on a GitHub repository. This would allow documentation of microdata studies to be shared while allowing customization through project-specific models.
1. UML 2.4 Tutorial
Thomas Bosch
GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
thomas.bosch@gesis.org
Abstract.The purpose of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is to model,
document, specify, and visualize complex systems. The UML delivers notation
elements for static as well as dynamic models of analysis, design, and architec-
ture and supports object-oriented procedures in particular. This tutorial serves
the attendees of the workshop „DDI Lifecycle – Moving Forward‟ as a guide
and a reference to understand the most important elements of class diagrams
and activity diagrams of the actual version of the UML 2.4 standard.As exam-
ples excerpts from the statistical domain are modeled. The references section
contains a list of books, which I recommend to read in order to get a detailed
understanding of the UML modeling standard. This list is ordered according to
my personal preferences.
Keywords: UML 2.4, class diagrams, activity diagrams.
1 Class Diagrams
Using class diagrams the structure of systems is visualized. Class diagrams show
relevant static concepts and their relationships to each other [1]. In this section, only
the most relevant components of class diagrams are explained in detail. In the follow-
ing figure, the classes „Study‟ and „StudyGroup‟ are defined. Classes stand for real as
well as digital objects or instances. A specific study, for instance the germanmicro-
census of the year 2009, represents such an instance of the class „Study‟. For the fur-
ther description of classes attributes can be specified. In the example, the attribute
„title‟ is defined in the class „Study‟. This attribute stands for study titles of concrete
„study‟ objects. Study titles are of the datatype „String‟ and have the default value
“studyTitle”. The visibility of the attribute „title‟ is set to private (-). This means that
only concrete study objects are aware of the existence of this attribute and can see the
attribute‟s actual value. The visibility can also be set to public (+). As a consequence,
other classes and their concrete instances can see these attributes and their values at
runtime.
These classes „Study‟ and „StudyGroup‟ are both defined as sub-classes of the ab-
stract super-class „StudyOrStudyGroup‟, as for this super-class common attributes
may be defined. Common attributes are then inherited by all the sub-classes. The class
„StudyOrStudyGroup‟ is specified as „abstract‟, since it makes no sense to generate
instances of this class. There‟s no concrete object, which is at the same time a study
2. and a group of studies. For the abstract super-class a generalization set is specified.
The property „complete‟ indicates that the set of sub-classes is complete, i.e. all rea-
sonable sub-types are modeled. The property „disjoint‟ indicates that no instance of a
sub-type is at the same time an instance of the other sub-class. The remaining proper-
ties are „overlapping‟ and „incomplete‟ representing the inverse properties.
Between the classes „StudyGroup‟ and „Study‟ an aggregation and alsocardinali-
ties are defined. This means that groups of studies may contain multiple studies. But
Study groups may also include no studies, as the range 0 to n (n indicated by *) is
specified. Studies may be contained in groups of studies, since the multiplicity 0 to n
is stated. In contrast to a composition, an aggregation is used as the relation between
the whole thing (the study group) and the parts (the studies) is not existence-
depending, i.e. if a study, contained in a particular group of studies, is deleted, the
including study group will not be deleted.
Fig.1. Studies and goups of studies
Figure 2 shows code lists as representations of variables. An association is defined
between the class „Variable‟ and the class „Representation‟. Associations stand for
relationships between concrete objects of the source and target classes. For associa-
tions cardinalities can be stated. In our example, each variable has exactly one repre-
sentation and specific representations may represent more than one variable (0..*).
The roles, classes have in associations, may be defined at each association end. The
role, particular variables have when they are in the association „representation‟, is in
this case „variable‟. Concrete representations are in the role „representation‟ when
they are related to certain variables using the association „representation‟. As the visi-
bility of the roles is declared as public (+), other classes within the same package can
see objects which are in these roles.The arrow next to the name of the association
3. indicates the reading direction of the association. The arrow at the end of the associa-
tion shows that only variables know their specific representation and not the other
way around - concrete representations don‟t know the represented variables, i.e. they
do not have to store represented variables or references to these variables.
Fig. 2. Representation of variables
Between the class „Representation‟ and the class „Code‟ a composition is defined.
This means that representations may contain 0 to ncodes and if a specific included
code is deleted, the representation itself will also be deleted afterwards. This relation-
ship is therefore existing-dependent. The whole thing (the representation) can‟t exist-
4. without all parts (the codes). In the case of an aggregation, in contrast to a composi-
tion, the whole thing could exist further when a part is deleted.
Figure 3 displays questions which may be contained in questionnaires and com-
ments which are associated with questionnaires and questions. As comments about a
certain question in a particular questionnaire depend on both the questionnaire and the
question, an association class - a model element that has both association and class
properties - has to be specified. An association class canbe seen as an association that
also has class properties, or as a class that also has associationproperties. It not only
connects a set of classifiers but also defines a set of features thatbelong to the rela-
tionship itself and not to any of the classifiers [1].Comments have a string text and a
comment type as attributes.
Fig. 3. Questionnaires and questions
The comment type‟s values are „internalComment‟ and „externalComment‟. As on-
ly these two values are allowed, an enumeration is added. Enumerations are modeled
as classes with the stereotype „enumeration‟, displayed in the UML class diagram as
<<enumeration>>.
2 Activity Diagrams
Activity modeling is a specialized type of behavioral modeling concerned with
modeling the activities and responsibilities of elements. Using UML activity dia-
grams, you can display the processing of use cases, operations, and complete business
processes. An activity is the specification of parameterized behavior as the coordinated
sequencingof subordinate units whose individual elements are actions [1]. The next figure
visualizes the activity or the business process to publish variable lists in different
formats.The overall activity is divided into two activity partitions. An activity partition is
5. a kind of activity group for identifying actions that have somecharacteristic in common
[1]. The actions of the activity „publish variable lists‟ are executed in the first activity
partition by a national statistical office and in the second activity partition by a statistical
research institute.
An initial node is a control node at which flow starts when the activity is invoked. An
activity final node is a final node that stops all flows in an activity [1]. The activity to
publish variable lists starts at the initial node within the context of the national statistical
office and ends in the area of responsibility of the statistical research institute. First, the
national statistical office sends a signal whose event is received by the statistical research
institute. As signal a variable list is sent which is received by the corresponding event.
Fig. 4. Publishing variable lists
The result of the event is the list of variables which is represented using an object node.
An object node is an abstract activity node that is part of defining object flow in an activi-
ty [1]. There are two kinds of flows in an activity diagram: control flows and object
flows. These flows are visualized by arrows in the diagram. Whenever the source or the
target node of an arrow is an object node, the flow is an object flow.
6. The next control flow points from the object node „variable list‟ to the action node
„check variable list‟. An action is a named element that is the fundamental unit of execut-
able functionality. The execution of an action represents some transformation or
processing in the modeled system, be it a computer system or otherwise [1]. The action to
check the variable list is in this case a special kind of action, a so-called call behavior
action, as an appropriate activity is invoked. Using such an approach activities can be
nested and the entire activity diagram is much clearer. Call behavior actions have a little
rake in their rounded rectangle. Moreover, this action is framed by an interruptible activity
region. An interruptible activity region is an activity group that supports termination of
tokenflowing in the portions of an activity [1]. Whenever an exception occurs in this spe-
cial framed area, the flow continues over the flashed control flow to the following action
which is in this case the notification of the colleagues. If the file containing the variable
list is broken, the colleagues will be notified. After one week a time event is received
and the control flow continues in this branch.
In case the file including the variable list is not damaged, a decision has to be tak-
en. In activity diagrams decisions are visualized using decision nodes. A decision
node is a control node that chooses between outgoing flows [1]. The associated condition
„all variables available?‟ is stated after the stereotype „<<decisionInput>>‟ in a note linked
to the decision node. If all variables are available (the condition is evaluated to the boolean
value true [true]), the left branch will be executed and if not all variables are available
([false]), the right branch will be followed. As actions cannot have more than one incom-
ing control flow, a merge node has to join all the incoming control flows of the action
„notify national statistical office (NSO)‟ on the outmost branch of the activity. A merge
node is a control node that brings together multiple alternate flows. It is not used to syn-
chronize concurrent flows but to accept one among several alternate flows [1].
If all variables are available in the variable list [the condition is evaluated to true], two
parallel control flows will be executed indicated by a fork node. A fork node is a control
node that splits a flow into multiple concurrent flows [1]. At the same time an html view
and a pdf view of the variable list can be created simultaneously. At the end of these con-
current control flows a join node has to be set. A join node is a control node that synchro-
nizes multiple flows [1]. The following merge node joins the two conditional branches and
then the variable list can be published. The activity final node closes the activity at the
end.
References
1. Rupp, C., Queins, S.: UML 2 glasklar - Praxiswissen für die UML-Modellierung. Carl
hanser Verlag (2012)
2. Hitz, M., Kappel, G., Kapsammer, E., Retschitzegger, W.: UML @ Work -
Objektorientierte Modellierung mit UML 2. dpunkt.verlag (2005)
3. Fowler, M.: Uml Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language. Ad-
dison-Wesley Professional (2004)
4. Pilone, D., Pitman, N.: UML 2.0 in a Nutshell. O‟Reilly (2005)