This document discusses biometric testing and evaluation. It covers traditional biometric algorithm testing and more complex operational testing. There are gaps in areas like training, accessibility, human factors, and determining what causes errors. Filling these gaps is an ongoing work in progress as biometric devices become more complex and deployed in more environments and applications. Different types of testing include technology, scenario, and operational evaluations to adequately assess performance and usability.
This document discusses methods for evaluating eLearning programs, including formative evaluation during development and summative evaluation after completion. It describes Kirkpatrick's model of evaluation, including levels measuring reaction, learning, behavior change, and results/ROI. Formative methods covered include expert reviews of interfaces and content, and user reviews through observations and testing. Summative usability testing methods are also outlined, such as heuristic evaluation involving experts and user testing involving representative tasks. The document recommends involving multiple evaluators and 5 users to reliably find a high percentage of usability problems.
IEEE 2014 DOTNET DATA MINING PROJECTS Product aspect-ranking-and--its-applica...IEEEMEMTECHSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Standards as enablers for innovation in education - a reality checkTore Hoel
This document discusses challenges with the standardization process in education. It notes that standardization is paradoxical, as it aims to both constrain and enable innovation. The standardization process involves creators developing specifications, but there can be barriers to participation that limit input. Standards must balance being comprehensive yet understandable for implementers and users. Feedback from implementers and users is also important but often lacking. Overall, greater engagement is needed from all parties to better support the full innovation cycle from idea to implementation.
Blaine O Driscoll has over 7 years of experience in engineering, quality systems, and technical support roles. He currently works as a Service Engineer providing technical support for Energy Management Control Systems at EFT Energy, where his responsibilities include liaising with customers, ensuring issues are resolved, promoting customer satisfaction, and developing automated reports. Previously he was a Laboratory Tutor and Senior Demonstrator at Dublin Institute of Technology where he assisted students with practical work and provided academic feedback. He also completed a 7 month internship in Quality Systems at Boston Scientific where he conducted audits and investigations to ensure compliance. Blaine holds a BSc Honours Degree in Physics with Medical Physics and Bioengineering from Dublin Institute of Technology.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
The document discusses different methods for evaluating the usability of educational technology. It defines usability as measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users completing tasks with a tool. There are three main methods: user-based involves testing users on tasks; expert-based uses experts to examine interfaces; and model-based applies models to predict usability based on task sequences. Each method has advantages like user-based providing realistic estimates, and disadvantages like expert-based being affected by expert variability. Choosing a method depends on needed information and the development stage being evaluated.
This document discusses usability testing and provides guidance on planning and conducting usability tests. It defines usability and outlines key traits like being easy to learn and use. It also describes establishing a team, defining the user profile and test parameters, writing a test plan, and recruiting participants. The goal is to test products and documents from the user's perspective to improve design and catch problems before final release.
This document discusses biometric testing and evaluation. It covers traditional biometric algorithm testing and more complex operational testing. There are gaps in areas like training, accessibility, human factors, and determining what causes errors. Filling these gaps is an ongoing work in progress as biometric devices become more complex and deployed in more environments and applications. Different types of testing include technology, scenario, and operational evaluations to adequately assess performance and usability.
This document discusses methods for evaluating eLearning programs, including formative evaluation during development and summative evaluation after completion. It describes Kirkpatrick's model of evaluation, including levels measuring reaction, learning, behavior change, and results/ROI. Formative methods covered include expert reviews of interfaces and content, and user reviews through observations and testing. Summative usability testing methods are also outlined, such as heuristic evaluation involving experts and user testing involving representative tasks. The document recommends involving multiple evaluators and 5 users to reliably find a high percentage of usability problems.
IEEE 2014 DOTNET DATA MINING PROJECTS Product aspect-ranking-and--its-applica...IEEEMEMTECHSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Standards as enablers for innovation in education - a reality checkTore Hoel
This document discusses challenges with the standardization process in education. It notes that standardization is paradoxical, as it aims to both constrain and enable innovation. The standardization process involves creators developing specifications, but there can be barriers to participation that limit input. Standards must balance being comprehensive yet understandable for implementers and users. Feedback from implementers and users is also important but often lacking. Overall, greater engagement is needed from all parties to better support the full innovation cycle from idea to implementation.
Blaine O Driscoll has over 7 years of experience in engineering, quality systems, and technical support roles. He currently works as a Service Engineer providing technical support for Energy Management Control Systems at EFT Energy, where his responsibilities include liaising with customers, ensuring issues are resolved, promoting customer satisfaction, and developing automated reports. Previously he was a Laboratory Tutor and Senior Demonstrator at Dublin Institute of Technology where he assisted students with practical work and provided academic feedback. He also completed a 7 month internship in Quality Systems at Boston Scientific where he conducted audits and investigations to ensure compliance. Blaine holds a BSc Honours Degree in Physics with Medical Physics and Bioengineering from Dublin Institute of Technology.
Usability Evaluation in Educational Technology Alaa Sadik
The document discusses different methods for evaluating the usability of educational technology. It defines usability as measuring the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction of users completing tasks with a tool. There are three main methods: user-based involves testing users on tasks; expert-based uses experts to examine interfaces; and model-based applies models to predict usability based on task sequences. Each method has advantages like user-based providing realistic estimates, and disadvantages like expert-based being affected by expert variability. Choosing a method depends on needed information and the development stage being evaluated.
This document discusses usability testing and provides guidance on planning and conducting usability tests. It defines usability and outlines key traits like being easy to learn and use. It also describes establishing a team, defining the user profile and test parameters, writing a test plan, and recruiting participants. The goal is to test products and documents from the user's perspective to improve design and catch problems before final release.
This document summarizes research examining the relationship between fingerprint skin characteristics (moisture, oiliness, elasticity, temperature) and image quality. Three datasets were collected from participants using different fingerprint sensors and skin analysis devices. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine relationships between the skin characteristics and image quality, as well as between characteristics. Preliminary results found slight correlations between some characteristics and quality, but inconsistencies between datasets. The research aims to determine if collecting skin data improves image quality.
This document examines the stability of iris recognition over short periods of time. It analyzes iris scan data from 60 participants in a single visit lasting 10 minutes or less. The stability of each iris is measured using a stability score index. Statistical analysis finds no significant difference in stability scores between age groups, gender, or ethnicity. This suggests the iris remains stable within a single visit. Future work could examine stability over longer time periods and whether it decreases with more extended testing.
This document discusses developing an algorithm to automatically detect errors in real-time using the Kinect 2 sensor. It aims to reduce costs, automatically attribute errors, increase throughput and data quality, and improve matching rates. The purpose is to create a program using Kinect 2 to detect errors in real-time when integrated with an AOptix iris camera, with the goal of proving this concept. Potential limitations include infrared interference between the devices and lag between log writing and reading.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
This is a preview of the databases we use in the Center. The presentation overviews our data collection GUI, data storage (datawarehouse), and our project management database. Each of these databases work together to allow us to efficiently run our operations.
This presentation provides an overview of applied research on biometrics in healthcare conducted by Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Lab. Previous research topics and results are discussed. A research plan for examining upcoming challenges in this area is also presented.
The document examines the stability of iris recognition over a short period of time. It discusses how iris recognition works and why the iris is considered unique and stable over time. The research presented in the document analyzed iris image data collected over four weekly visits. The results showed no statistically significant difference in iris matching scores between the different visits, suggesting the iris is stable over a short time period. This supports the idea that the iris can be used for biometric identification applications that require stability over time.
The stability score index, conceptualized in 2013, was designed to address the weaknesses of the zoo menagerie and other performance metrics by quantifying the relative stability of a user from on condition to another. In this paper, the measure of interoperability is the stability score from enrolling on one sensor and verifying on multiple sensors. The results showed that like performance, individual performance were not stable across these sensors. When examining stability by sensor family (capacitance, optical and thermal) we find that capacitive as the enrollment sensor were the least stable. Both enrolling and verifying on a thermal sensor, individuals were the most stable of the three family types. With respect to interaction type, enrolling on touch and verifying on swipe was more stable than enrolling on swipe and verifying on swipe, which was an interesting finding. Individuals using the thermal sensor generated the most stable stability scores.
This course provides an overview of biometric technology as it relates to security, access control, and authentication. It examines basic biometric terminology and various biometric modalities such as fingerprint, face, and iris recognition. Students will learn about biometric data evaluation and interpretation, standards, integration, and challenges. The course is divided into fundamental, modality, integration, and research building blocks to cover topics like identification, matching, fusion, standards, and interoperability.
This document provides an overview of biometric courses offered online and on campus through Purdue University. It outlines the structure of graduate courses in areas like biometric technology and applications, automatic identification and data capture, standards, and performance evaluation. Details are provided on an online master's degree in biometrics that can be completed entirely online. The document also describes how students can earn badges by demonstrating skills in specific areas and complete projects. Advanced learning tools like Blackboard, Jetpack and Hotseat are used to keep students engaged in the flexible online programs.
This document outlines the structure and goals of a research study on the stability of iris recognition match scores over time. It introduces the problem statement around the lack of quantification of match score stability, and previews the research question, significance, purpose and scope, assumptions, limitations, and delimitations that will be discussed in the following chapters which focus on the literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study.
Presented at The 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2013), Sydney Australia, July 1 - July 4 2013.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the automatic detection of biometric transaction times using hand geometry as the modality of interest. Video recordings were segmented into individual frames and processed through a program to automatically detect interactions between the user and the system. Results include a mean enrollment time of 15.860 seconds and a mean verification time of 2.915 seconds.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
A lot of work done in Center recently has focused around different topics concerning "time". Iris stability across different "times" has been in the forefront due to work in the undergraduate class, IT345, the graduate class IT545, as well as work in Ben Petry's thesis. Of course "time" is a fairly inaccurate word to use. Assessing stability over time is very ambiguous to the research question. For example time may mean millisecond, months, years, or even life of the user. Upon further examination of other academic literature, the reporting of research duration, collection interval, and specific time frame of interest are sporadic at best and missing completely at worst. To solve this issue, the Center has created the biometric duration scale (BDS) model with associated suggested best practices for reporting time duration in biometrics.
The BDS model marries the general biometric model with HBSI model to create a logical flow of five phases: the presentation definition phase, sample phase, processing phase, and enrollment or matching phase. By tracking information through this progression such as specific subject presentations made, HBSI error, and FTE/Enrollment score (to name a few), performance within the general biometric model can be examined. The BDS model goes one step further by creating specific durations to report research specific metrics. By creating this model, outcomes that effect a yearly performance metrics can be looked at by examining monthly performance, daily performance, or even specific user presentations and how those subcomponents effect the whole system.
Additionally, best practices for the reporting of duration is also included. The reporting methodology stems from ISO 8601 and is in compliance with ISO 21920. In the common reporting structure, start date, duration, number of visits at how many intervals, and time scope of interest for the specific research are given in a logical, readily available format along with the very specific, detailed ISO 8601 methodology. The goal of creating a formal script for reporting research duration was to eliminate ambiguity and create an environment where replication and drawing parallels between research is encouraged.
IT 34500 is an undergraduate course offered to Purdue West Lafayette students. The course gives an introduction into biometrics and automatic identification and data capture technologies
This research focused on classifying Human-Biometric Sensor Interaction errors in real-time. The Kinect 2 was used as a measuring device to track the position and movements of the subject through a simulated border control environment. Knowing, in detail, the state of the subject ensures that the human element of the HBSI model is analyzed accurately. A network connection was established with the iris device to know the state of the sensor and biometric system elements of the model. Information such as detection rate, extraction rate, quality, capture type, and more metrics was available for use in classifying HBSI errors. A Federal Inspection Station (FIS) booth was constructed to simulate a U.S. border control setting in an International airport. The subjects were taken through the process of capturing iris and fingerprint samples in an immigration setting. If errors occurred, the Kinect 2 program would classify the error and saved these for further analysis.
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the fundamentals of testing: why testing is needed; its limitations, objectives and purpose; the principles behind testing; the process that testers follow; and some of the psychological factors that testers must consider in their work. By reading this chapter you'll gain an understanding of the fundamentals of testing and be able to describe those fundamentals.
The document discusses test administrator error in biometric data collection. It notes that test administrator error is not currently included in the Human-Biometric Sensor Interaction model. The literature review found that test administrator training and performance metrics are needed to reduce errors and ensure data quality. The methodology section outlines a plan to identify sources of error, test administrator surveys and focus groups, and implement procedure improvements to reduce errors collected in a biometric study.
This document discusses advances in testing and evaluating human-biometric sensor interaction using a new model. It describes gaps in traditional biometric testing, such as how users interact with systems. A new Human Biometric Sensor Interaction model is presented and has been tested on iris and fingerprint biometrics. The model has been expanded to more complex systems like border gates. Testing looks at how users interact with biometric systems in different environments and factors like throughput. The goal is to better test and evaluate systems without overburdening test facilities.
Introduction to Usability Testing for Survey ResearchCaroline Jarrett
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing for usability testing of surveys. It discusses determining what aspects of a survey to test, who to recruit as participants, and where to conduct the testing. Key recommendations include deciding what to test at least a month before testing, recruiting 5-10 participants to represent intended users, and conducting testing in rounds with revisions between rounds rather than one large test. Locations for testing can either be at the organization conducting the test or in participants' natural environments.
This document summarizes research examining the relationship between fingerprint skin characteristics (moisture, oiliness, elasticity, temperature) and image quality. Three datasets were collected from participants using different fingerprint sensors and skin analysis devices. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine relationships between the skin characteristics and image quality, as well as between characteristics. Preliminary results found slight correlations between some characteristics and quality, but inconsistencies between datasets. The research aims to determine if collecting skin data improves image quality.
This document examines the stability of iris recognition over short periods of time. It analyzes iris scan data from 60 participants in a single visit lasting 10 minutes or less. The stability of each iris is measured using a stability score index. Statistical analysis finds no significant difference in stability scores between age groups, gender, or ethnicity. This suggests the iris remains stable within a single visit. Future work could examine stability over longer time periods and whether it decreases with more extended testing.
This document discusses developing an algorithm to automatically detect errors in real-time using the Kinect 2 sensor. It aims to reduce costs, automatically attribute errors, increase throughput and data quality, and improve matching rates. The purpose is to create a program using Kinect 2 to detect errors in real-time when integrated with an AOptix iris camera, with the goal of proving this concept. Potential limitations include infrared interference between the devices and lag between log writing and reading.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
This is a preview of the databases we use in the Center. The presentation overviews our data collection GUI, data storage (datawarehouse), and our project management database. Each of these databases work together to allow us to efficiently run our operations.
This presentation provides an overview of applied research on biometrics in healthcare conducted by Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Lab. Previous research topics and results are discussed. A research plan for examining upcoming challenges in this area is also presented.
The document examines the stability of iris recognition over a short period of time. It discusses how iris recognition works and why the iris is considered unique and stable over time. The research presented in the document analyzed iris image data collected over four weekly visits. The results showed no statistically significant difference in iris matching scores between the different visits, suggesting the iris is stable over a short time period. This supports the idea that the iris can be used for biometric identification applications that require stability over time.
The stability score index, conceptualized in 2013, was designed to address the weaknesses of the zoo menagerie and other performance metrics by quantifying the relative stability of a user from on condition to another. In this paper, the measure of interoperability is the stability score from enrolling on one sensor and verifying on multiple sensors. The results showed that like performance, individual performance were not stable across these sensors. When examining stability by sensor family (capacitance, optical and thermal) we find that capacitive as the enrollment sensor were the least stable. Both enrolling and verifying on a thermal sensor, individuals were the most stable of the three family types. With respect to interaction type, enrolling on touch and verifying on swipe was more stable than enrolling on swipe and verifying on swipe, which was an interesting finding. Individuals using the thermal sensor generated the most stable stability scores.
This course provides an overview of biometric technology as it relates to security, access control, and authentication. It examines basic biometric terminology and various biometric modalities such as fingerprint, face, and iris recognition. Students will learn about biometric data evaluation and interpretation, standards, integration, and challenges. The course is divided into fundamental, modality, integration, and research building blocks to cover topics like identification, matching, fusion, standards, and interoperability.
This document provides an overview of biometric courses offered online and on campus through Purdue University. It outlines the structure of graduate courses in areas like biometric technology and applications, automatic identification and data capture, standards, and performance evaluation. Details are provided on an online master's degree in biometrics that can be completed entirely online. The document also describes how students can earn badges by demonstrating skills in specific areas and complete projects. Advanced learning tools like Blackboard, Jetpack and Hotseat are used to keep students engaged in the flexible online programs.
This document outlines the structure and goals of a research study on the stability of iris recognition match scores over time. It introduces the problem statement around the lack of quantification of match score stability, and previews the research question, significance, purpose and scope, assumptions, limitations, and delimitations that will be discussed in the following chapters which focus on the literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study.
Presented at The 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA 2013), Sydney Australia, July 1 - July 4 2013.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the automatic detection of biometric transaction times using hand geometry as the modality of interest. Video recordings were segmented into individual frames and processed through a program to automatically detect interactions between the user and the system. Results include a mean enrollment time of 15.860 seconds and a mean verification time of 2.915 seconds.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
In this research, intra-visit match score stability was examined for the human iris. Scores were found to be statistically stable in this short time frame.
A lot of work done in Center recently has focused around different topics concerning "time". Iris stability across different "times" has been in the forefront due to work in the undergraduate class, IT345, the graduate class IT545, as well as work in Ben Petry's thesis. Of course "time" is a fairly inaccurate word to use. Assessing stability over time is very ambiguous to the research question. For example time may mean millisecond, months, years, or even life of the user. Upon further examination of other academic literature, the reporting of research duration, collection interval, and specific time frame of interest are sporadic at best and missing completely at worst. To solve this issue, the Center has created the biometric duration scale (BDS) model with associated suggested best practices for reporting time duration in biometrics.
The BDS model marries the general biometric model with HBSI model to create a logical flow of five phases: the presentation definition phase, sample phase, processing phase, and enrollment or matching phase. By tracking information through this progression such as specific subject presentations made, HBSI error, and FTE/Enrollment score (to name a few), performance within the general biometric model can be examined. The BDS model goes one step further by creating specific durations to report research specific metrics. By creating this model, outcomes that effect a yearly performance metrics can be looked at by examining monthly performance, daily performance, or even specific user presentations and how those subcomponents effect the whole system.
Additionally, best practices for the reporting of duration is also included. The reporting methodology stems from ISO 8601 and is in compliance with ISO 21920. In the common reporting structure, start date, duration, number of visits at how many intervals, and time scope of interest for the specific research are given in a logical, readily available format along with the very specific, detailed ISO 8601 methodology. The goal of creating a formal script for reporting research duration was to eliminate ambiguity and create an environment where replication and drawing parallels between research is encouraged.
IT 34500 is an undergraduate course offered to Purdue West Lafayette students. The course gives an introduction into biometrics and automatic identification and data capture technologies
This research focused on classifying Human-Biometric Sensor Interaction errors in real-time. The Kinect 2 was used as a measuring device to track the position and movements of the subject through a simulated border control environment. Knowing, in detail, the state of the subject ensures that the human element of the HBSI model is analyzed accurately. A network connection was established with the iris device to know the state of the sensor and biometric system elements of the model. Information such as detection rate, extraction rate, quality, capture type, and more metrics was available for use in classifying HBSI errors. A Federal Inspection Station (FIS) booth was constructed to simulate a U.S. border control setting in an International airport. The subjects were taken through the process of capturing iris and fingerprint samples in an immigration setting. If errors occurred, the Kinect 2 program would classify the error and saved these for further analysis.
In this chapter, we will introduce you to the fundamentals of testing: why testing is needed; its limitations, objectives and purpose; the principles behind testing; the process that testers follow; and some of the psychological factors that testers must consider in their work. By reading this chapter you'll gain an understanding of the fundamentals of testing and be able to describe those fundamentals.
The document discusses test administrator error in biometric data collection. It notes that test administrator error is not currently included in the Human-Biometric Sensor Interaction model. The literature review found that test administrator training and performance metrics are needed to reduce errors and ensure data quality. The methodology section outlines a plan to identify sources of error, test administrator surveys and focus groups, and implement procedure improvements to reduce errors collected in a biometric study.
This document discusses advances in testing and evaluating human-biometric sensor interaction using a new model. It describes gaps in traditional biometric testing, such as how users interact with systems. A new Human Biometric Sensor Interaction model is presented and has been tested on iris and fingerprint biometrics. The model has been expanded to more complex systems like border gates. Testing looks at how users interact with biometric systems in different environments and factors like throughput. The goal is to better test and evaluate systems without overburdening test facilities.
Introduction to Usability Testing for Survey ResearchCaroline Jarrett
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing for usability testing of surveys. It discusses determining what aspects of a survey to test, who to recruit as participants, and where to conduct the testing. Key recommendations include deciding what to test at least a month before testing, recruiting 5-10 participants to represent intended users, and conducting testing in rounds with revisions between rounds rather than one large test. Locations for testing can either be at the organization conducting the test or in participants' natural environments.
Brenda Hugh is an experienced manufacturing and quality manager specializing in technology transfer, lean manufacturing, and quality systems. Over her 20+ year career, she has held leadership roles at Charles Stark Draper Laboratories and SRU Biosystems, focusing on product quality and customer satisfaction. In this presentation, she discusses her career highlights, leadership style, manufacturing experience, and qualifications for a manufacturing manager role.
Are you in control of Testing, or does Testing control you? SQALab
- Mike Smith argues that software testing models often rely too heavily on test cases, which may not provide the best measures for control and risk management.
- An effective measurement framework separates objectives from initiatives and uses a complex model of relationships rather than a simple hierarchy. This provides better traceability and the ability to cope with change.
- Lessons can be learned across different domains of measurement and testing. An ideal testing model would incorporate concepts from performance management systems like the balanced scorecard to link testing to business outcomes.
- Many factors influence what level of measures and targets are suitable for a given situation, but the most important thing is that the model supports analysis and decision making to maintain control.
The document provides an introduction and overview of software engineering. It discusses the inherent difficulties in software like complexity, conformity, changeability and invisibility. It also discusses software engineering processes that aim to maximize quality through reliability, portability, efficiency and other factors. The phases of the software lifecycle are outlined as requirements, specifications, design, implementation, integration, maintenance and retirement. Testing methods like black-box and white-box testing are also summarized.
This document discusses quality management in health laboratories. It defines quality and outlines approaches to quality management including planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling processes. Key elements of a quality management system are described such as organization, personnel, equipment, purchasing, process control, information management, documents/records, occurrence management and assessment. The document emphasizes that a quality management system involves coordinated activities across all aspects of laboratory operations to ensure quality. External quality assessment through proficiency testing is also discussed as an important tool for evaluating laboratory performance.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts. It discusses testing as an engineering activity and process. It introduces the Testing Maturity Model which describes stages of test process improvement. Basic definitions are provided for terms like error, fault, failure, test case, test oracle. Software testing principles and the tester's role are described. The origins and costs of defects are discussed. Defect classes are classified into requirements, design, code, and testing defects. The concept of a defect repository to catalog defect data is introduced. Examples of coin problem defects are given to illustrate defect classification.
Testing is necessary for software systems to ensure reliability, manage costs, and reduce risks. It is impossible to exhaustively test a system, so testing aims to detect defects and measure quality. Testing alone cannot improve quality but can identify issues to address. Different testing types exist for various stages, including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing, and both black-box and white-box techniques are used. Rigorous planning, design, execution and tracking of test cases and results is needed. While testing shows defects, debugging is then needed to identify and address the root causes.
Gaining acceptance in next generation PBK modelling approaches for regulatory...OECD Environment
On 10 May 2021, the OECD presented the recently published Guidance Document on the Characterisation, Validation and Reporting of Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) Models for Regulatory Purposes. This guidance aims to increase the confidence in the use of PBK models parameterised with data derived from in vitro and in silico methods, and help address “unfamiliar” uncertainties associated with these methods.
The webinar introduced the assessment framework for PBK models that was developed to evaluate the attributes and uncertainties of these models, including a dedicated discussion on sensitivity analysis. It also focused on the scientific workflow for characterising and validating PBK models together with a template for documenting PBK models in a systematic manner and a checklist to support model evaluation.
Check out the webinar video recording at: https://youtu.be/PT7w6PB97Ag and access the Guidance Document on the Characterisation, Validation and Reporting of Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) Models for Regulatory Purposes at: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-assessment/guidance-document-on-the-characterisation-validation-and-reporting-of-physiologically-based-kinetic-models-for-regulatory-purposes.pdf.
The document proposes a novel approach called PaDMTP for path directed source test case generation and prioritization using metamorphic testing in Python. It aims to address limitations in traditional testing like incomplete coverage and lack of automation. The approach generates test cases using Python constraint solving and prioritizes them using path tracing. It was implemented on sample programs and evaluated against random and adaptive random testing using mutation analysis, showing improved fault detection effectiveness with PaDMTP.
Amber L Flinchum has over 10 years of experience working in quality control and microbiology laboratory settings. She has an Associate's Degree in Biotechnology from Alamance Community College. Her work history includes positions at Precision Fabrics Group, Mother Murphy's, Tengion, Teleflex, MedTox Diagnostics, and Sir Pizza, where she gained experience in laboratory testing, data entry, microbiology techniques, and customer service. She is proficient in various laboratory equipment, procedures, and computer programs.
The CMC Journey in the Regulation of Biologicsenarke
Journey in the Development of Biologics Through End of Phase 3
Our Goals
To better understand the FDA’s CMC requirements and expectations for biologic manufacturing and product testing
To better visualize a cost-effective, risk-managed approach to manage these manufacturing processes and products through clinical development into market approval
To better appreciate the challenges involved with controlling safety, potency, and impurity profiles for these products
Edward Narke discussed the CMC pathway for biologics through clinical development and market approval. The goals are to better understand FDA requirements, visualize a cost-effective approach to manage manufacturing processes, and appreciate challenges in controlling safety, potency, and impurities. Biologics have complex structures that must be characterized and controlled. Assay methods, product specifications, stability data, and comparability between clinical and commercial materials are common reasons INDs are placed on clinical hold. Managing impurities, developing relevant potency assays, and collecting data continuously are important strategies to address these challenges over the course of development.
Bioscience Laboratory Workforce Skills - part IIbio-link
This document discusses developing core skill standards for bioscience laboratory work. It provides examples of existing skill standard formats and proposes a new format. The new format includes critical work functions, key activities, and performance criteria for each activity. It also suggests developing authentic assessments that require students to complete real-world tasks instead of just knowing information. Groups are asked to brainstorm assessments for sample laboratory tasks. The goal is to develop a consensus skill standard format and identify assessments that ensure students gain the essential skills for bioscience laboratory careers.
Software Testing - Test management - Mazenet SolutionMazenetsolution
Topics: Organisation,configuraiton management,test estimation,monitoring and control,incident management,standards for testing.
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Similar to (2012) Whats missing in biometric testing (20)
The human signature provides a natural and publically-accepted legally-admissible method for providing authentication to a process. Automatic biometric signature systems assess both the drawn image and the temporal aspects of signature construction, providing enhanced verification rates over and above conventional outcome assessment. To enable the capture of these constructional data requires the use of specialist ‘tablet’ devices. In this paper we explore the enrolment performance using a range of common signature capture devices and investigate the reasons behind user preference. The results show that writing feedback and familiarity with conventional ‘paper and pen’ donation configurations are the primary motivation for user preference. These results inform the choice of signature device from both technical performance and user acceptance viewpoints.
The inherent differences between secret-based authentication (such as passwords and PINs) and biometric authentication have left gaps in the credibility of biometrics. These gaps are due, in large part, to the inability to adequately cross-compare the two types of authentication. This paper provides a comparison between the two types of authentication by equating biometric entropy in the same way entropy of secrets are represented. Similar to the method used by Ratha, Connell, and Bolle [1], the x and y dimensions of the fingerprints were examined to determine all possible locations of minutiae. These locations were then examined based on the observed probability of minutiae occurring in each of the designated locations. The results of this work show statistically significant differences in the frequencies and probabilities of occurrence for minutiae location, type, and angle, across all possible minutiae locations. These components were applied to Shannon’s Information Theory [2] to determine the entropy of fingerprint biometrics, which was estimated to be equivalent to an 8.3-character, randomly chosen password
This course covers biometric usability testing with a focus on border control and mobile devices. The course objectives are to understand biometric systems, how people use them, testing methodologies, limitations, and research methods. Topics include genuine users, usability, attacks, border security, tokens, qualitative/quantitative research, and focus groups. Students will complete a research-based group project, assignments, and quizzes. The course uses lectures, discussions, guest speakers and students are expected to regularly attend and complete all work.
ICBR has been involved in standards development for over 14 years through committees like INCITS M1 and ISO/IEC JTC1 SC37. To provide students real-world experience, students participated on these committees by submitting documents, comments, and reviews. This engagement between academia and standards development benefits both fields by allowing applied research and education in new and emerging technical areas.
According to a report by Frost and Sullivan in 2007, revenues for non-AFIS fingerprint devices in notebook PC's and wireless devices is anticipated to grow from $148.5 million to $1588.0 million by 2014, a compound annual growth rate of 40.3% [1]. The AFIS market has a compound annual growth rate of 15.2% with revenues of $445.0 million in 2007. With the development of mobile applications in a number of different market segments, such as healthcare, retail, and law enforcement, this paper analyzed the performance of fingerprints of different sizes, from different sensors...
Michael Brockly's M.S. thesis presentation for Purdue University, December 2013.
This study created a framework to quantify and mitigate the amount of error that test administrators introduced to a biometric system during data collection. Prior research has focused only on the subject and the errors they make when interacting with biometric systems, while ignoring the test administrator. This study used a longitudinal data collection, focusing on demographics in government identification forms such as driver’s licenses, fingerprint metadata such a moisture and skin temperature, and face image compliance to an ISO best practice standard. Error was quantified from the first visit and baseline test administrator error rates were measured. Additional training, software development, and error mitigation techniques were introduced before a second visit, in which the error rates were measured again. The new system greatly reduced the amount of test administrator error and improved the integrity of the data collected. Findings from this study show how to measure test administrator error and how to reduce it in future data collections.
The document summarizes research into the stability of fingerprint recognition performance across different force levels. It found that some individuals' classification as "doves", "worms", etc. changed depending on the force level, showing instability. A "stability score index" was developed to quantify this instability for each individual across force levels. The research concluded fingerprint recognition performance can be unstable for some individuals depending on applied force, and this instability score could help determine if subjects are inherently variable or poor performers.
This document studied the impact of different levels of applied force on the quality of fingerprint images captured by an optical fingerprint sensor. It found that applying a force between 5-7 Newtons when capturing fingerprints generally produced higher quality images and a greater number of detected minutiae compared to letting the sensor automatically capture fingerprints without a specified force level. However, matching performance was slightly better for automatic captures compared to forced captures between 5-7 Newtons. The document concludes that the optimal force level may vary between different optical fingerprint sensors.
The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial recovery and transfer from three biometric sensors and the survivability of bacteria on the devices. The modalities tested were fingerprint, hand geometry and hand vein recognition, all of which require sensor contact with the hand or fingers to collect the biometric. Each sensor was tested separately with two species of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Survivability was investigated by sterilizing the sensor surface, applying a known volume of diluted bacterial culture to the sensor and allowing it to dry. Bacteria were recovered at 5, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after drying by touching the contaminated device with a sterile finger cot. The finger cot was re-suspended in 5 mL of saline solution, and plated dilutions to obtain live cells counts from the bacterial recovery. The transferability of bacteria from each device surface was investigated by touching the contaminated device and then touching a plate to transfer the bacteria to growth medium to obtain live cell counts. The time lapse between consecutive touches was one minute, with the number of touches was n = 50. Again, S. aureus and E. coli were used separately as detection organisms. This paper will describe the results of the study in terms of survival curves and transfer curves of each bacterial strain for each device.
This paper discusses the implementation issues of installing a commercially available hand geometry system in the current infrastructure of Purdue University's Recreational Sports Center. In addition to a performance analysis of the system, a pre- and post- data collection survey was distributed to the 129 test subjects gathering information on perceptions of biometrics, in particular hand geometry, as well as participants' thoughts and feelings during their interaction with the hand geometry device. The results of the survey suggest that participants were accepting of hand geometry. Additionally, analyses of the participants' survey responses revealed that 93% liked using hand geometry, 98% thought it was easy to use, and 87% preferred it to the existing card-based system, while nobody thought the device invaded their personal privacy. System performance achieved a 3-try match rate of 99.02% (FRR 0.98%) when "gaming"/potential impostor attempts were removed from analysis. The failure to enroll rate was zero. Statistical analyses exposed a significant difference in the scores of attempts made by users with prior hand geometry usage, and subjects that could not straighten out their hand on the device. However, there were no statistical difference in the effects of rings/no rings, improper hand placements/proper hand placements, or gender on hand geometry score.
As the use of signatures for identification purposes is pervasive in society and has a long history in business, dynamic signature verification (DSV) could be an answer to authenticating a document signed electronically and establishing the identity of that document in a dispute. DSV has the advantage in that traits of the signature can be collected on a digitizer. The research question of this paper is to understand how the individual variables vary across devices. In applied applications, this is important because if the signature variables change across the digitizers this will impact performance and the ability to use those variable. Understanding which traits are consistent across devices will aid dynamic signature algorithm designers to create more robust algorithms.
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9
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. BIOMETRICS LAB
Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Laboratory
Department of Technology, Leadership and Innovation
BIOMETRIC TESTING –
PANEL DISCUSSION
STEPHEN ELLIOTT
IPBC 2012 – 3/7/2012
2. BIOMETRICS LAB
Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Laboratory
Department of Technology, Leadership and Innovation
WHAT IS MISSING IN
BIOMETRIC TESTING
3. BIOMETRIC TESTING
• Traditional biometric testing
– Algorithm testing
• Well established metrics
• Well understood testing methodologies
• Operational testing
– Harder to do
• Access to environments
• Test methodologies dependent in some cases on
the test
4. TESTING AND EVALUATION
• Essentially trying to understand how a
system performs
– Maybe more fundamentally – who or what is
causing the errors
5. BIOMETRICS LAB
Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Laboratory
Department of Technology, Leadership and Innovation
PROBABLY NOT
MISSING, BUT HARD TO
DO
6. GAPS IN BIOMETRIC TESTING
• There have been several papers on the
contribution of individual error on
performance
– What causes these errors?
• There are some papers that examine
meta-data and the contribution of
variables (age) and examines the
training of algorithms
7. GAPS IN BIOMETRIC TESTING
• Training
– How do users get accustomed to devices
– Can they remember how to use them
– How do we provide good training to the
users that has a consistent message
8. GAPS IN BIOMETRIC TESTING
• Accessibility
– How many people know people (!) who have
problems with interacting with a biometric
systems
– How do we deal with accessibility and
usability issues
• Hearing and sight issues
9. GAPS IN BIOMETRIC TESTING
• Human Factors
– Testing and evaluating biometric systems by
looking at how the users interact with the
system
• Are performance results different in an operational
environment than collect in a lab?
• Are these performance results due to the
environment?
10. GAPS IN BIOMETRIC TESTING
• It the error always subject centric?
– The role of the device?
– The role of the operator?
11. BIOMETRICS LAB
Biometric Standards, Performance and Assurance Laboratory
Department of Technology, Leadership and Innovation
FILLING IN THOSE GAPS
12. WORK IN PROGRESS
• Interaction methodologies such as HBSI
have been addressing issues such as
interaction errors from the subject
perspective
• Developed a framework for the
establishment of metrics
• Continual work on defining those metrics
• Evaluation methodology