Its about the disaster that took place in Japan in 2011. Hope you guys will find it helpful!

1. Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and
Radiation Event
2011
Sada Sehar
2014-es-017

2. • Time of earthquake: 14:46 (JST)
• Duration: 6 minutes
• Moment magnitude: 9.0
• Focus: 24 km
• Epicentre: 130 km east of Sendai,
and 373 km northeast of Tokyo.
• Time of Tsunami: 15:35 (JST)

3. Cause of Earthquake: Sub duction of the Pacific plate under
the Okhotsk Plate

4. Other names of Japan Earthquake
• Great East Japan Earthquake
• 2011 Tōhoku earthquake
• 3.11 earthquake
• Great Sendai Earthquake
• It was the most powerful earthquake ever
recorded in Japan, and the fourth most
powerful earthquake in the world since
modern record-keeping began in 1900.

5. Foreshock:
• On March 9, two days prior to the main
earthquake, an M 7.3 earthquake.
Aftershocks:
Between March 11 and June 11, there were
• 5 aftershocks that were M 7.0 or higher,
• 82 aftershocks that were M 6.0 or higher,
• 506 aftershocks that were M 5.0 or higher

6. The Tohoku region experienced crustal movement of up to 5.3 m in the horizontal direction and
up to 1.2 m in the vertical direction (subsidence) within a short period

7. Effects of Earthquake and Tsunami
According to an announcement by the
National Police Agency (NPA) on
September11, 2011
• 15,782 people had died
• 4086 people were still missing
• More than 60% of the dead and
missing persons were aged 60
years or older
• Many fire-fighters and police
were also among the victims

8. Effects of Earthquake and Tsunami
• The number of the 2011 Great East Earthquake and
Tsunami related fires is 286. (FDMA)
• The tsunami caused damage to road facilities
particularly to National Route 45.
• Number of houses considered to have been totally
destroyed or half destroyed were 128,530 and 240,332
• Tsunami killed more than 110,000 nesting seabirds at
the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge.
• Damage to River levees and coastal facilities
• Soil liquefaction
• Rubble fires

9. Effects of Earthquake and Tsunami
• The tsunami swept about five million tons of
debris offshore, 70% sank, leaving 1.5 million
tons floating in the Pacific Ocean.
• At least six million homes - 10% of Japan's
households - were without electricity, and a
million were without water.
• Damage to fishing industry
• Psychological trauma

10. Fukushima Nuclear
Disaster

11. Fukushima Nuclear Incident
• Following the earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami
disabled the power supply and cooling of three
Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear
accident.
• Tsunami waves submerged and damaged the
seawater pumps for both the main condenser
circuits and the auxiliary cooling circuits.
• All three cores largely melted in the first three
days.
• The accident was rated 7 on the INES scale, due to
high radioactive releases, eventually a total of
some 940 PBq.

12. Radiation release
• Volatile iodine-131
• Caesium-137
• Caesium-134
• A significant problem in tracking radioactive
release was that 23 out of the 24 radiation
monitoring stations on the plant site were
disabled by the tsunami.
• On 13 February 2014, TEPCO reported 37 kBq
of cesium-134 and 93 kBq of cesium-137 were
detected per litre of groundwater sampled from a
monitoring well.

13. Effects of Nuclear Incident
• There have been no deaths or cases of
radiation sickness from the nuclear
accident, but over 100,000 people
were evacuated from their homes to
ensure this.
• Over 1000 deaths from maintaining the
evacuation
• Chromosomal malformations in wild
mice caught in Fukushima Prefecture
• Not long after the accident cows
started to get mysterious white spots
on their skin due to eating
contaminated grasses

14. • Over 9 million cubic meters of nuclear waste
was scattered over at least 113,000 locations
across Fukushima prefecture
• Dump sites with sacks of contaminated soil
were usually located on arable land
• After six years of the disaster, scientists
found radioactive Caesium in sand and water as
far as 60 miles away.
• Fear of radiation

15. What was done?
• According to Japan's foreign ministry, 116 countries
and 28 international organizations offered assistance.
Japan specifically requested assistance from teams
from Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and
the United States.
• Immediately after the event, The Government of Japan
(GOJ) held National Committee for Emergency
Management, headed by Prime Minister.
• JRC performed properly for accommodation of
refugees and evacuees in schools, public buildings, and
shelters.

16. What was done?
• Government of Japan declared “the state of
nuclear emergency” and 140,000 residents within
20 km of the Fukushima plant, evacuated
• JMA expanded its seismic/tsunami monitoring
network by installing broadband seismometers
• The Japanese government also implemented
emergency waste disposal measures.
• The MOE issued the Master Plan on disaster
waste

19. • Kazama M and Noda T. Damage statistics (Summary of the 2011 off the
Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake damage). Soils and foundations,
Elsevier. 2012
• Koseki et al. Cause and countermeasure way of rubble fires occurred after
2011 Great earthquake of Japan. SciVerse ScienceDirect. 2012
• Zaré M, Afrouz SG. Crisis Management of Tohoku; Japan Earthquake and
Tsunami, 11 March 2011. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2012;41(6):12-
20.
• Koshimura S, Shuto N. Response to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
and Tsunami disaster. The Royal Society. 2015
• http://www.newsweek.com/fukushima-nuclear-disaster-earthquake-
japan-679503
• https://wiseinternational.org/campaign/fukushima-disaster
• Sayuri Umeda. Legal Responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake of
2011. Library of Congress. 2012