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20100311 M Sc Lecture Final
- 1. Genomic Plasticity and the Supragenome of Streptococcus pneumoniae Marcus Leung 11 th March 2010 [email_address]
- 10. Supragenome Gene clusters Distributed - in some but not all Conserved/Core - in all 17 strains Unique - in only 1 of 17
- 15. Finite Supragenome Model As number of genomes increases, 1) Number of total clusters increases and plateaus 2) Number of core clusters decreases and stabilises 3) Number of new clusters decreases and stabilises 1 2 3
- 16. Within close proximity, multiple strains may be present that are genetically and “genically” diverse. This increases the size of the supragenome present in a population. With the ability to undergo horizontal gene transfer, strains present may acquire new alleles and genes from other strains -> adaptation for survival as a population.
- 21. Diversity in a Colonisation by Serotype and Antibiotype 4 serotypes + 2 antibiotypes within 6B = 5 PHENOTYPES Serotype Antibiotype (MIC in μ g/mL) Pen Sxt 1 S 0.38 5 0.125 S 6B 0.125 4 3 0.5 NT S S
- 25. Diversity within a Colonisation by Genotype and Phenotype Increased number of colonisations with multiple strains, however did not increase maximum of different strains found Maximum number of strains found colonising simultaneously = 5
- 26. In this study of multiple colonisation, we made two unique discoveries!
- 28. Two Unique Discoveries! 2) The same genotype expressing multiple serotypes/ groups in the same colonisation MLST 4162 MLST 217 19A/B/C 10A 1 5 NT
- 32. Acknowledgements Royal Free Hospital, London Dr. Bambos Charalambous Prof Stephen Gillespie Kathrin Freystätter Ashley York Bisi Obamakin Dhriti Dosani Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Dr. Harry Mwerinde (Clinical Director, Tanganyika Plantation Hospital) Prof N. Sam Ndekya Oriyo
Editor's Notes
- Homologous recombination
- Homologous recombination
- - EXPLAIN RED GREEN AND EXPRESSION PROFILES,
- G reater the gene pool present in NP, greater ability to adapt, and this is facilitated by the presence of multiple strains colonising together in the nasopharynx. The presence of multiple strains colonising together contributes to the distributed genome hypothesis, which describe the pan-genome of all pneumococcal strains colonising together
- G reater the gene pool present in NP, greater ability to adapt, and this is facilitated by the presence of multiple strains colonising together in the nasopharynx. The presence of multiple strains colonising together contributes to the distributed genome hypothesis, which describe the pan-genome of all pneumococcal strains colonising together
- G reater the gene pool present in NP, greater ability to adapt, and this is facilitated by the presence of multiple strains colonising together in the nasopharynx. The presence of multiple strains colonising together contributes to the distributed genome hypothesis, which describe the pan-genome of all pneumococcal strains colonising together
- Led to investigation in determining dissimilarities in pneumococcal strains, whole sequencing of prevalence disease strains (show from paper, the size of one genome, number of clusters) This observation was followed by A pneumococcous has on average Emphasize unique genes
- Led to investigation in determining dissimilarities in pneumococcal strains, whole sequencing of prevalence disease strains (show from paper, the size of one genome, number of clusters) This observation was followed by A pneumococcous has on average Emphasize unique genes
- Led to investigation in determining dissimilarities in pneumococcal strains, whole sequencing of prevalence disease strains (show from paper, the size of one genome, number of clusters) This observation was followed by A pneumococcous has on average Emphasize unique genes
- Led to investigation in determining dissimilarities in pneumococcal strains, whole sequencing of prevalence disease strains (show from paper, the size of one genome, number of clusters) This observation was followed by A pneumococcous has on average Emphasize unique genes
- Fixed semi closed population, pneumococcal population dynamics within this population Critical for colonisation and disease in pneumococci Evolution in semi-closed community, evolution within nasopharynx
- Venn-diagram!!!!!
- Remove “results” change to Diversity within a Colonisation by Serotype/Group
- Remove “results” change to Diversity within a Colonisation by Antibiotype
- Big bright yellow blocks between S and 4!!!
- So in summary, 8% of our colonisations contained multiple serotypes/groups, and a higher number of them contained multiple antibiotypes. When we combined the two properties together, the extent of diversity is greater, which was to be expected.
- Genotyped strains by MLST, involved sequencing of 7 housekeeping genes sequencing of 7 loci provides an ST number
- percentage
- percentage
- Remove eBURST diagram, put table with same sequence types with different serotypes COLONMISING TOGETHER!
- Remove eBURST, only show table with 4432, bigger font!
- Conclusion: distributed genome hypothesis. Provide evidence that up to 6 strains may share a distributed gene pool which based on finite model, it increases the pan-genome by 35%, major finding!!!!!!