Jessie, PhD, PE, City of Sugar Land, TX and Sunil Kommineni, PhD, BCEE, Malcolm Pirnie, Houston, TX discuss the City's plans to meet the Fort Bend Subsidene District's mandated reduction of groundwater use by treating water from Oyster Creek.

1. City of Sugar Land: Surface Water Conversion,
Conversion,
Pilot Testing and Conceptual Design
Jessie Li, PhD, PE, City of Sugar Land, TX
Sunil Kommineni, PhD, BCEE, Malcolm Pirnie, Houston, TX

2. Jessie Li PhD
J i Li, PhD, PE Sunil K
S il Kommineni, PhD, BCEE
i i PhD
Public Utilities Assistant Director Associate
City of Sugar Land Malcolm Pirnie

3. Team Effort
• SuEllen Staggs
•HHoward Ch i ti
d Christian
• Timothy Jahn
• Shashi Kumar
• Chris Canonico
• Brent Nicholas
• Yue Sun
• Trent Slovak
• Gary Rabalais
• Dhananjay Mishra

4. Background
g
Fort Bend Subsidence District has mandated
reduction of groundwater use by
30% by 2013
60% by 2025
City of Sugar Land p
y g plans to meet this
requirement by building a surface water
treatment plant of
p
9 mgd initial capacity
22 mgd ultimate capacity

5. Source Water
Source water is Oyster Creek water which is a man-
y
made creek that receives water from Brazos River.
Groundwater Oyster Creek Water

6. Tu
urbidity (NTU)
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
5/15/07
6/14/07
7/14/07
8/13/07
9/12/07
1
10/12/07
1
11/11/07
1
12/11/07
(TOC, Color)
Natural Organic Matter
TOC (mg/L
L) 1/10/08
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6/17/07 2/9/08
3/10/08
8/6/07
4/9/08
9/25/07
5/9/08
11/14/07
1/3/08
2/22/08
4/12/08
6/1/08
Source Water Challenges
Suspended Solids &
7/21/08
Particulates (Turbidity)
9/9/08
10/29/08
12/18/08

7. Source Water Challenges (cont.)
Microbial risk factors of source water
Wastewater effluents
W ffl
Agricultural runoff
Livestock influence
Storm water discharges
Parameter Units Average Maximum
Heterotrophic MPN/ mL 670 740
Plate Counts
Total Coliforms MPN/100 mL 2,420 2,420
Microbial Quality
- Coliforms, Pathogens Fecal Coliforms MPN/100 mL 180 689
Giardia cysts/L 0.15 0.35*
Cryptosporidium oocysts/L 0.27 0.4*
*Data from the monitoring location ten miles upstream of Sugar Land Intake Location

8. Source Water Challenges (cont.)
300 30
MIB Geosmin
Geosmin (ng/L)
250
ng/L)
200 20
MIB (n
Aesthetic Quality
150
- Taste and Odor Compounds
100 10
50
0 0
5/15/07
6/14/07
7/14/07
8/13/07
9/12/07
1/10/08
2/9/08
3/10/08
10/12/07
11/11/07
12/11/07 800
700 Brazosport Water Authority
Brazos River Authority-US290 @ Hempstead
600
Gulf Coast Water Authority
500
L)
Chloride (mg/L
Upstream Location
Aesthetic Quality 400
State SMCL
- Chloride, TDS 300
200
100
0
Aug-89
Aug-90
Jan-03
Jan-04
Jun-93
Jun-94
Feb-01
Feb-02
Nov-06
Nov-07
May-95
May-96
Mar-99
Mar-00
Sep-87
Sep-88
Jul-91
Jul-92
Apr-97
Apr-98
Dec-04
Dec-05

9. Process Selection Accounted for Source
Water Challenges
Oyster Creek Treatment Plant Customer Tap
Dynamics of source water, treatment, distribution system,
and future regulations we e co s de ed in p ocess se ec o
d u u e egu o s were considered process selection

10. Surface Water Treatment Processes
Chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide
Chl i di id
Chloramines
PACl
Fluoride
Caustic
From Oyster To Distribution
Creek System
PLATE MF/UF CLEAR
DISINFECT
DISINFECT‐
RAW WATER RAPID GAC ION BASIN
MEMBRANE
CLARI-
RESERVOIR -WELL
MIX CONTACTORS
FILTRATION
FIER
RO
BACKWASH
CLARIFIER
INDEX
Brine Disposal Liquid Streams
RESIDUALS HANDLING
Solid Streams
Future Treatment Option
BELT PRESS/CENTRIFUGE
To Off-site Disposal
Solids

11. Surface Water Treatment Processes
PARTICULATES / PATHOGENS
Chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide
Chl i di id
Chloramines
PACl
Fluoride
Caustic
From Oyster To Distribution
Creek System
DISINFEC
MF/UF CLEAR
PLATE
RAW WATER RAPID GAC TION
RESERVOIR MEMBRANE -WELL
CLARI-
MIX CONTACTORS BASIN
FILTRATION
FIER
RO
BACKWASH
CLARIFIER
INDEX
Brine Disposal Liquid Streams
RESIDUALS HANDLING
Solid Streams
Future Treatment Option
BELT PRESS/CENTRIFUGE
To Off-site Disposal
Solids

12. Surface Water Treatment Processes
COLOR / TASTE AND ODOR
Chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide
Chl i di id
Chloramines
PACl
Fluoride
Caustic
From Oyster To Distribution
Creek System
MF/UF DISINFECT
DISINFECT‐ CLEAR
PLATE
RAW WATER RAPID GAC
MEMBRANE ION BASIN
RESERVOIR -WELL
CLARI-
MIX CONTACTORS
FILTRATION
FIER
RO
BACKWASH
CLARIFIER
INDEX
Brine Disposal Liquid Streams
RESIDUALS HANDLING
Solid Streams
Future Treatment Option
BELT PRESS/CENTRIFUGE
To Off-site Disposal
Solids

13. Surface Water Treatment Processes
CHLORIDE
Chlorine dioxide Chlorine dioxide
Chl i di id
Chloramines
PACl
Fluoride
Caustic
From Oyster To Distribution
Creek System
PLATE MF/UF CLEAR
DISINFECT
DISINFECT‐
RAW WATER RAPID GAC ION BASIN
MEMBRANE
CLARI-
RESERVOIR -WELL
MIX CONTACTORS
FILTRATION
FIER
RO
BACKWASH
CLARIFIER
INDEX
Brine Disposal Liquid Streams
RESIDUALS HANDLING
Solid Streams
Future Treatment Option
BELT PRESS/CENTRIFUGE
To Off-site Disposal
Solids
Chloride Management Strategy
Considers Bl di
C id Blending as well as
ll
Treatment

14. Pilot Testing Objectives
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Meet TCEQ requirements
Qq
Validate selected treatment
process
Establish design/operating
criteria for “right sizing” of
it i f “ i ht i i ” f
processes
Obtain operator and public
b db
input

15. Full-
Full-scale vs. Pilot Treatment
Comparisons
Full-scale Plant Pilot Plant
Treatment Processes Treatment Processes
Pre-
Pre-sedimentation (>1-day
(>1- Raw Water Tank (10 min HRT)
HRT)
Pre-
Pre-oxidation (w/ClO2) Pre-oxidation (w/ClO2)
Pre-
Plate Clarifier Plate Clarifier
MF/UF Membranes MF/UF Membranes
GAC Contactors GAC Columns
RO Membranes RO Membranes
Primary and Secondary Beaker Tests for Disinfection
Disinfection Decay and SDS-DBPs
SDS-

16. Plate Clarifier Results

17. Membrane Pore Size Overview
Suspended solids
Dissolved salts Colloids
Viruses Bacteria
Parasites
Org. macro. molecules
100μm
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
smallest
Crypto-
polio virus hair
micro-
sporidium
organism
Ceramic Membranes
Reverse Osmosis Sand Filtration
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration Microfiltration

18. MF/UF Membrane Configurations
Cartridge Membrane System Suppliers: Pall, Siemens and Koch
Filtered
Membrane
Pressure
Raw Vessel(s)
Pump
P
Pump supplies positive pressure to DRIVE water
through membrane media.
Submerged Membrane System Suppliers: GE-Zenon, Siemens and Norit
GE-
Raw
Membrane
Filtered
Open
Tank
Pump
Pump suction PULLS water
through membrane media.

19. Piloted MF/UF Systems
y
Pall’s Pressure MF GE-Zenon’s Submerged UF
Siemens Pressure UF

20. MF/UF Testing Program
Pilot T t D ti
Pil t Test Duration – ~120 days
120 d
Stage 1 – 30-day Optimization
Stage 2a – 30 day Demonstration
30-day
Stage 3a – 10-day Repeat Demonstration
Stage 2b – 30-day Demonstration
30 day
Stage 3b – 10-day Repeat Demonstration
Stage 4 – Process Upset
g p

21. MF/UF Optimization Test Results

22. MF/UF Demonstration Test Results
Flux: 60 gfd Mini Clean Interval: 72 hr

23. MF/UF Pilot Test Summary
Parameter Siemens UF GE-Zenon UF
Pall MF System
System System
Flux (gfd) 60,60 55, 55 50,47
Threshold TMP (psi) 43.5
43 5 23 13
Backwash Interval (min) 25 25 28
Mini Clean Interval (hr) 48, 72 48, 48 48, 48
Mini Clean Recipe 500 mg/L chlorine 200 mg/L Chlorine 100 mg/L
Chlorine/
1 g/L Citric Acid
30 Day Testing Results Passed, Passed Conditional Approval, Failed, Failed
(Pass/Fail) Passed

24. Ch
hloride (mg/L)
(
1
100
10000
10
1000
7
7/11/08
7
7/18/08
7
7/25/08
8/1/08
Hurrican
ne
8/8/08
8
8/15/08
8
8/22/08
8
8/29/08
9/5/08
9
9/12/08
9
9/19/08 Hurrican
ne
9
9/26/08
1
10/3/08
10
0/10/08
10
0/17/08
10
0/24/08
RO Chloride Results
10
0/31/08
RO Feed
RO Reject
RO Reject
1
11/7/08
RO Permeate
11
1/14/08
11
1/21/08
11
1/28/08

25. GAC Pilot Tests
Candidate Granular Activated Carbons
Source Mesh Size
Manufacturer Product Name
Material (US Sieves)
Calgon Carbon Filtrasorb® 400 Bituminous 12 x 40
Norit Americas GAC 400 Bituminous 12 x 40
Siemens Water
AquaCarb® 1240 Bituminous 12 x 40
Technologies
PICA America Picahydro F22 Bituminous 12 x 40

26. GAC Pilot Test Results
35
Calgon
30 Norit
PICA
25
Siemens
MIB (ng/L)
Background MIB
20
15
MIB Results
10
5
0
8/1/2008
8/8/2008
9/5/2008
10/10/2008
10/17/2008
10/24/2008
10/31/2008
11/14/2008
7/11/2008
7/18/2008
7/25/2008
8/15/2008
8/22/2008
8/29/2008
9/12/2008
9/19/2008
9/26/2008
10/3/2008
11/7/2008
5
GAC 1 (Calgon)
4.5 GAC 2 (Norit)
GAC 3 (PICA)
4
GAC 4 (Siemens)
3.5
MF/UF Filtrate
L)
TOC (mg/L
3
TOC Results 2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
7/15/2008 8/4/2008 8/24/2008 9/13/2008 10/3/2008 10/23/2008

27. Full-
Full-scale Plant Location
Gannoway Lake

28. Proactive engagement of community is
critical for the success of the project

29. Questions
Jessie Li
jli@sugarlandtx.gov
(281) 275-2450
275 2450
Sunil K
S il Kommineni
ii
skommineni@pirnie.com
(713) 960-7406