1) The document discusses the trends in the photovoltaic (PV) industry and market applications, including the supply and demand outlook.
2) It provides details on the production process from silicon wafer to solar cells and modules. Major companies are mentioned at each stage of the supply chain.
3) Cost reduction is needed for solar electricity to compete with retail power prices. Mass production and technological advances could achieve costs of 1-1.5 Euros/Watt by 2012, making solar more competitive.
PV Manufacturing in Europe - European Technology and Innovation Platform Phot...Cluster TWEED
The PV Manufacturing in Europe Conference organised by the European Technology and Innovation Platform for Photovoltaics (ETIP PV) took place on 18 & 19 May 2017, at the BIP House in Brussels.
Key industry leaders, scientists, engineers, and policy makers joined to debate the status and future of "PV Manufacturing in Europe". Over 120 PV specialists from 16 European countries attended the conference.
Solar Regulations & Market Policies- YP ChawlaY P Chawla
The Challenges for Electricity Regulator in developing Solar Regulations ( have to area specific) & Market Policies to bring in more Investors for the benefit of the Stakeholders
Project Proposal on 10 MW Solar PV Power PlantVignesh Sekar
By installing and successfully operating 10 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plants will deliver electricity for consumption by the owners, the relevant peoples in the project assessment place will be made aware of the technical and economic potential of solar power generation. Furthermore, the power required from the public grid will be reduced, and overall expenditure on electric power will be lowered & our project aims to create the necessary awareness among the population, and especially among policy-makers and large investors, Youngsters.....
PV Manufacturing in Europe - European Technology and Innovation Platform Phot...Cluster TWEED
The PV Manufacturing in Europe Conference organised by the European Technology and Innovation Platform for Photovoltaics (ETIP PV) took place on 18 & 19 May 2017, at the BIP House in Brussels.
Key industry leaders, scientists, engineers, and policy makers joined to debate the status and future of "PV Manufacturing in Europe". Over 120 PV specialists from 16 European countries attended the conference.
Solar Regulations & Market Policies- YP ChawlaY P Chawla
The Challenges for Electricity Regulator in developing Solar Regulations ( have to area specific) & Market Policies to bring in more Investors for the benefit of the Stakeholders
Project Proposal on 10 MW Solar PV Power PlantVignesh Sekar
By installing and successfully operating 10 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plants will deliver electricity for consumption by the owners, the relevant peoples in the project assessment place will be made aware of the technical and economic potential of solar power generation. Furthermore, the power required from the public grid will be reduced, and overall expenditure on electric power will be lowered & our project aims to create the necessary awareness among the population, and especially among policy-makers and large investors, Youngsters.....
Inverted x Pylon Tech: High Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries Inverted2019
We built Inverted Energy to be a facilitator in the global shift towards future mobility and energy storage.
With a mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy, we have developed commercially advanced clean energy technologies, promotion sustainability by working with organisations in building energy storage projects with innovative technologies to move India forward.
We aim to democratise energy access through innovation in energy storage technology. #GoBeyond the Ordinary
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around gallium Nitride uncovering the companies, inventors, and key applications.
GaN is a binary III-V direct bandgap semiconductor commonly used in LEDs. Its wide-band gap of 3.4 eV affords its special properties for applications in optoelectronic, high-power and high-frequency devices. Because GaN offers very high breakdown voltages, high electron mobility, and saturation velocity it is also an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications like RF power amplifiers at microwave frequencies and high-voltage switching devices for power grids. Solutions that use GaN-based RF transistors are also replacing the magnetrons used in microwave ovens.
Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistor models have evolved from GaAs (gallium arsenide) transistor models; however there are many advantages GaN offers:
• Higher operating voltage (over 100-V breakdown)
• Higher operating temperature (over 150°C channel temperature)
• Higher power density (5 to 30 W/mm)
• Durable and crack-resistant material
GaN devices are often grown on SiC (silicon carbide) substrates, but to achieve lower-cost GaN devices, they can be grown on sapphire and silicon wafers. GaN’s wide bandgap allows for higher breakdown voltages and operation at high temperatures. The high thermal conductivity of SiC makes it a better substrate than silicon for power amplifier applications that require good heat sinking.
On-grid PV Opportunities in University Campuses: A case study at Nazarbayev U...Luis Ram Rojas-Sol
The universities around the world are taking every day a more decisive role in fighting global warming. Indeed,
many campuses are not only teaching established and disrupting clean energy technologies, but also are practicing
their lectures. For example, the University of Arizona, USA, leads the campuses with 28 MW of installed On-Grid
PV systems (http://www.aashe.org/resources/campus-solar-photovoltaic-installations/top10/). Furthermore,
campuses of emerging universities, as Nazarbayev University (NU), located in Astana, Kazakhstan, which is
developing with the firm aim to become a leader world class research university in the heart of Eurasia, are taking
this commitment as well. Additionally, being Kazakhstan the host of EXPO-2017 which has the motto: ¨Future
Energy¨, it is natural to evaluate if NU campus would be a good candidate to support and exhibit, with demonstrated
technical and economic advantages, its own On-Grid PV in-campus system. Therefore, in this investigation, a
feasibility study of installing PV panels on the rooftop of School of Engineering at NU is carried out. A 24 kWp rooftop
PV installation with a 14.7% capacity factor, capable to export 31 MWh of electricity to the grid per year, is assumed
to be the system for the purpose of this analysis. The financial analysis has a horizon of 20-year lifetime and 25%
debt ratio financed at 15% interest over 20 years. Selection of appropriate equipment and calculation of financial
outcomes under three different scenarios or policy options are presented. The policies or scenarios corresponded
to having or not government grants (GG) and having attractive Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) rates in order to determine their
financial benefits. The GG scenario was stretched up to consider 30% of the total project cost and FIT was varied
from current offered FIT rate by KEGOC (Kazakhstan utility company) of 36,410 KZT/MWh to a more attractive rate
of 70,000 KZT/MWh. Results demonstrate that current scenario of FIT is marginally favorable (IRR on Equity: 15.1%,
Benefit-Cost Ratio: 1.37, Equity Payback: 8.8 years), while the 30% of incentives on top of current FIT moderatedly
improves the benefits of the project (IRR on Equity: 20.9%, Benefit-Cost Ratio: 1.47, Equity Payback: 7.2 years).
Nevertheless, upgrading current FIT to 70,000 KZT/MWh, even without incentives, proved to be enough to
dramatically improve the outcome of the project for investors (IRR-Equity > 28%, Equity Payback of 5 years and
Benefit-Cost ratio > 3.6), demonstrating that with a subtle change in policies, Nazarbayev University as many other
campuses in the country, may easily justify the investment in their On-Grid PV systems and therefore, become part
of the “green” universities in the world with direct contribution to tackle climate change.
This presentation formed part of the Farming Futures workshop 'Profitable business in a changing climate: the case for on-farm renewable energy generation.'
2nd December 2009
Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFsCraig Horne
This talk provides an overview of storage technologies and focus on how long duration energy storage can significantly increase both the amount of PV deployed and project value. Case studies are used to highlight critical parameters for configuring a PV and storage project to maximize value and returns. Recent activities in the storage market, availability of long-duration storage systems, and the real requirements for storage projects will also be discussed.
The PV market has developed significantly in the last years, thanks to a complex combination of price decline, technology improvements and financial support schemes.
This webinar intends to bring additional information about the main trends in the PV market, industry and policy support in key countries and globally. It will highlight the reasons why PV has developed so fast and what can be expected in the coming years. In particular, the current support schemes and market drivers will be analyzed, together with the question of industry development. The geographical rebalancing between western and asian countries will be commented and explained. Finally the growing role of PV in the electricity sector will be explained.
Two presenters will share the floor : Izumi Kaizuka from RTS Corporation in Japan and Gaëtan Masson, Operating Agent of IEA-PVPS Task 1.
Inverted x Pylon Tech: High Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries Inverted2019
We built Inverted Energy to be a facilitator in the global shift towards future mobility and energy storage.
With a mission to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy, we have developed commercially advanced clean energy technologies, promotion sustainability by working with organisations in building energy storage projects with innovative technologies to move India forward.
We aim to democratise energy access through innovation in energy storage technology. #GoBeyond the Ordinary
This report takes a look into the patenting activity around gallium Nitride uncovering the companies, inventors, and key applications.
GaN is a binary III-V direct bandgap semiconductor commonly used in LEDs. Its wide-band gap of 3.4 eV affords its special properties for applications in optoelectronic, high-power and high-frequency devices. Because GaN offers very high breakdown voltages, high electron mobility, and saturation velocity it is also an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications like RF power amplifiers at microwave frequencies and high-voltage switching devices for power grids. Solutions that use GaN-based RF transistors are also replacing the magnetrons used in microwave ovens.
Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistor models have evolved from GaAs (gallium arsenide) transistor models; however there are many advantages GaN offers:
• Higher operating voltage (over 100-V breakdown)
• Higher operating temperature (over 150°C channel temperature)
• Higher power density (5 to 30 W/mm)
• Durable and crack-resistant material
GaN devices are often grown on SiC (silicon carbide) substrates, but to achieve lower-cost GaN devices, they can be grown on sapphire and silicon wafers. GaN’s wide bandgap allows for higher breakdown voltages and operation at high temperatures. The high thermal conductivity of SiC makes it a better substrate than silicon for power amplifier applications that require good heat sinking.
On-grid PV Opportunities in University Campuses: A case study at Nazarbayev U...Luis Ram Rojas-Sol
The universities around the world are taking every day a more decisive role in fighting global warming. Indeed,
many campuses are not only teaching established and disrupting clean energy technologies, but also are practicing
their lectures. For example, the University of Arizona, USA, leads the campuses with 28 MW of installed On-Grid
PV systems (http://www.aashe.org/resources/campus-solar-photovoltaic-installations/top10/). Furthermore,
campuses of emerging universities, as Nazarbayev University (NU), located in Astana, Kazakhstan, which is
developing with the firm aim to become a leader world class research university in the heart of Eurasia, are taking
this commitment as well. Additionally, being Kazakhstan the host of EXPO-2017 which has the motto: ¨Future
Energy¨, it is natural to evaluate if NU campus would be a good candidate to support and exhibit, with demonstrated
technical and economic advantages, its own On-Grid PV in-campus system. Therefore, in this investigation, a
feasibility study of installing PV panels on the rooftop of School of Engineering at NU is carried out. A 24 kWp rooftop
PV installation with a 14.7% capacity factor, capable to export 31 MWh of electricity to the grid per year, is assumed
to be the system for the purpose of this analysis. The financial analysis has a horizon of 20-year lifetime and 25%
debt ratio financed at 15% interest over 20 years. Selection of appropriate equipment and calculation of financial
outcomes under three different scenarios or policy options are presented. The policies or scenarios corresponded
to having or not government grants (GG) and having attractive Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) rates in order to determine their
financial benefits. The GG scenario was stretched up to consider 30% of the total project cost and FIT was varied
from current offered FIT rate by KEGOC (Kazakhstan utility company) of 36,410 KZT/MWh to a more attractive rate
of 70,000 KZT/MWh. Results demonstrate that current scenario of FIT is marginally favorable (IRR on Equity: 15.1%,
Benefit-Cost Ratio: 1.37, Equity Payback: 8.8 years), while the 30% of incentives on top of current FIT moderatedly
improves the benefits of the project (IRR on Equity: 20.9%, Benefit-Cost Ratio: 1.47, Equity Payback: 7.2 years).
Nevertheless, upgrading current FIT to 70,000 KZT/MWh, even without incentives, proved to be enough to
dramatically improve the outcome of the project for investors (IRR-Equity > 28%, Equity Payback of 5 years and
Benefit-Cost ratio > 3.6), demonstrating that with a subtle change in policies, Nazarbayev University as many other
campuses in the country, may easily justify the investment in their On-Grid PV systems and therefore, become part
of the “green” universities in the world with direct contribution to tackle climate change.
This presentation formed part of the Farming Futures workshop 'Profitable business in a changing climate: the case for on-farm renewable energy generation.'
2nd December 2009
Long-Duration Energy Storage and PV: Renewable Energy’s BFFsCraig Horne
This talk provides an overview of storage technologies and focus on how long duration energy storage can significantly increase both the amount of PV deployed and project value. Case studies are used to highlight critical parameters for configuring a PV and storage project to maximize value and returns. Recent activities in the storage market, availability of long-duration storage systems, and the real requirements for storage projects will also be discussed.
The PV market has developed significantly in the last years, thanks to a complex combination of price decline, technology improvements and financial support schemes.
This webinar intends to bring additional information about the main trends in the PV market, industry and policy support in key countries and globally. It will highlight the reasons why PV has developed so fast and what can be expected in the coming years. In particular, the current support schemes and market drivers will be analyzed, together with the question of industry development. The geographical rebalancing between western and asian countries will be commented and explained. Finally the growing role of PV in the electricity sector will be explained.
Two presenters will share the floor : Izumi Kaizuka from RTS Corporation in Japan and Gaëtan Masson, Operating Agent of IEA-PVPS Task 1.
Past and future trends in PV Industry developmentsLeonardo ENERGY
This webinar will address the key drivers of the PV market and industry in the coming years. It will look at the past developments and future scenarios, from a global market development point of view to some key price evolution features. From competitive tenders to the development of distributed PV in China, and the arrival on the market of new industry giants, this webinar will browse the global landscape of PV development.
Innhotep - Panorama du marché photovoltaïque mondialInnhotep
Etude menée en 2008 dressant le panorama de l'industrie photovoltaïque dans le monde : les technologies, les pôles d'excellence, les applications, la chaîne de valeur, les acteurs clés, etc.
Pour plus de publications d'Innhotep, veuillez vous rendre à cette adresse : http://www.innhotep.com/fr/publications/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. 2007/1/17 2
到了鯨油用完後
煤油才蓬勃發展
供需之間 ~
PV 之美麗與憂愁
到了石油用完後
PV 才蓬勃發展
Between Demand and Supply
~ The next step of PV
kerosene is popular after burning the Blubber out !
PV is popular after burning the Oil out ?
Before the presentation ,
3. 2007/1/17 3
Content
• Why do we talk about PV ?
• What is PV ?
• The supply of PV
• The demand of PV
• The vision of PV
• Conclusion
4. 2007/1/17 4
Well-to-Wheel energy efficiency
• Honda Civic 0.51 km/MJ
• VW Jetta Diesel 0.45 km/MJ
Source : Tesla Motors
1. 傳統能源終將
耗盡的危機
For live
2. 溫室效應的日
趨惡化
For survive
The CO2 Emissions per 1 TJ ︰
Type The productof CO2 ( t / TJ )
Coal 94.4~98.3
Oil
69.3~77.4
Gas 56.1
Why do we talk about PV ?
Type Oil Gas Coal Nuclear
Proven reserves /
Annual production ( years )
42 64 155 85
( Reasonable )
Source : COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
5. 2007/1/17 5
A simple calculation about CO2
Emissions
CO2
Coking Coal 燃料煤 2.48 ( kg / kg )
LPG 液化石油氣 1.74 ( kg / L )
Residual Fuel Oil 燃料油 2.95 ( kg / L )
dieseloil 柴油 2.68 ( kg / L )
Gasoline 汽油 2.34 ( kg / L )
Electricity 電 0.66 ( kg / kwh)
• 約 6 億輛越野車碳的總排放量
• 約15 億輛小汽車碳的總排放量
Source :
ROC Environmental Protection Administration
Foundation of Taiwan Industry Service
Taipei
Tainan
~70kg
~130kg
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ( by fuel type )
每年碳的排放量
10億噸意味著什麼?
6. 2007/1/17 6
PV ( Photo-Voltaic) is …
PV Array
Consumptive
energy
Coal
Crude Oil
Gas
Solar
Energy
Battery
Inverter
Aerosphere
Efficiency
Loss
Nuclear
Efficiency
Loss
7. 2007/1/17 7
The supply of PV
wafer
Mine
Silica
stone
Metallic
silica
Trichlorosilane (HSiCl3)
poly-Si
sc-Si
slicing
slicingcutting
IC - chip
casting
CZ
Crystal
Puller
Refining
Purification
- Deposition
wafer
wafer
ingot
The process of making PV -1
12. 2007/1/17 12
REC ScanWafer
20.4%
Deutsche Solar
16.3%
M.SETEK 9.3%
BP Solar 6.7%
LDK 5.8%
Others 29.1%
Yingli 7.3%
Green Energy
5.1%
Wafer
Share of PV wafer makers in 2006
Source : PHOTON International , PIDA
18. 2007/1/17 18
Poly-Si Ingot/wafer cell module/inverter Ribbon
Sharp
Q-Cells
Kyocera
BP Solar
Sanyo
Mitsubishi
Motech
Suntech
Deutsche Cell
E-Ton
Evergreen
Ever-Q
REC-ScanWafer
MEMC
schott
Sunways AG
ErSol
REC
Deutsche
Solar AG
SolarWorld
AG
Shell Solar
Thin-film
Shell Solarchange over
Solibro GmbH
( CIGS )
Suntech
schott
Evergreen
Ever-Q
schott
BP Solar
tech
nano
Strategy of
top 10 cell makers
schott
Solar System
Group
Green Energy
MSK
M.SETEK
Solar Factory
BP Solar
HIT
Sharp ( a /μ Si
efficiency 8.5% )Sharp
Kyocera
Sanyo
Mitsubishi
Solibro AB,Sweden
2006.10 – 18.5%(muti-Si 15cm2)
2006.11 – 20% in 2007(with UNSW)
2006.11
Sunlight
Comtec
Kyocera
AtersaSunEdison
AE
EFG
wafer
AVANCIS(CIS)
Saint-Gobain
glass
Prime Solar
SAS
Hemlock
Suntech
Renesola
Motech
日本 IIS 材料
日本 IIS 材料
19. 2007/1/17 19
Poly-Si Ingot/wafer cell module/inverter Ribbon
Sharp
Q-Cells
Kyocera
BP Solar
Sanyo
Mitsubishi
Motech
Suntech
Deutsche Cell
E-Ton
Evergreen
Ever-Q
REC-ScanWafer
MEMC
schott
Sunways AG
ErSol
REC
Deutsche
Solar AG
SolarWorld
AG
Shell Solar
Thin-film
Shell Solarchange over
Solibro GmbH
( CIGS )
Suntech
schott
Evergreen
Ever-Q
schott
BP Solar
tech
nano
Strategy of
top 10 cell makers
schott
Solar System
Group
Green Energy
MSK
M.SETEK
Solar Factory
BP Solar
HIT
Sharp ( a /μ Si
efficiency 8.5% )Sharp
Kyocera
Sanyo
Mitsubishi
Solibro AB,Sweden
2006.10 – 18.5%(muti-Si 15cm2)
2006.11 – 20% in 2007(with UNSW)
2006.11
Sunlight
Comtec
Kyocera
AtersaSunEdison
AE
EFG
wafer
AVANCIS(CIS)
Saint-Gobain
glass
Prime Solar
SAS
Hemlock
Suntech
Renesola
Motech
日本 IIS 材料
日本 IIS 材料
vertical integration
20. 2007/1/17 20
System ~100%
module ~70%
cell ~50%
c-Si ~15%
Ingot ~6%,sawing ~3%
package ~10%
wafer ~30%
inverter ~10%,install ~15%
cost structure of PV system
PV system : 7USD/Wp
(module = 4.88 USD/Wp)
700cent / 20year
~ 32cent / KWH
etching, diffusion,...~5%
Taiwan residential electricity price (per kilowatt-hour ) is 2.51 NT ~ 8cents
21. 2007/1/17 21
Solar Electricity Prices
Mass production for cost reduction ( 1 ~ 1,5 € / W in 2012 )
Source : EPIA 1.2 ~ 1.8 USD
Source : solarbuzz , 2007/1
23. 2007/1/17 23
Eat enough
Eat good
Eat healthy
Identification
&
Individualism
Making consumers followers ,
we need to follow them first.
The demand of PV
Does it works ?
Is it useful ?
Do you like it ?
User Centered Design
Maker Centered Design
The demand of humanity
技術導向
使用者導向
24. 2007/1/17 24
The shipment and market of demand
2004 ~ 2010 PV demand forecast ( MW , include thin-film cell )
Demand 2005 2006 2007(f) 2008(f) 2009(f) 2010(f)
Grid-connected 1200 1500 1875 2681 3834 5483
Off-grid 300 390 507 659 857 1114
Consumer 80 96 115 138 166 200
Total 1580 1986 2497 3478 4857 6797
PV application
Type Application
On grid Circuit of lighting, socket, air conditioner, waterworks, …
Off-grid communication facilities, warning signal/indicator, road/garden lamp , …
Emergency Lighting, communication and waterworks in emergency
Consumer power supply or charger of 3C product, handset, vehicle , …
Source : PIDA , 2006/12
Source : PIDA , 2006/12
25. 2007/1/17 25
• Power demand
• Mobile demand
• Handset
• Vehicle
• Housing demand
What kind of demand should
we need ?
26. 2007/1/17 26
Power demand
Energy type Recent cost Target cost
PV 20~40 4~10
Water 2~8 2
Wind 3~5 2~3
Geothermal 2~10 1~8
Comparison of renewable energy price ( cents / kwh )
Energy type country
Water ( large-scale ) Canada、Brazil、China、USA、Russia
Water ( small-scale ) China、AUS、India、New Zealand、Canada
Wind Germany、USA、Spain、Denmark、Japan
Geothermal Iceland、France、Philippines、Indonesia、MEX
The development of renewable energy ( by country )
27. 2007/1/17 27
Country Target
Australia 2010 : 9500 million kwh /year
Canada 3.5~15%
China 2020 : 60,000 ~ 120,000 million watt
Indian 2003~2012 :10%
Israel 2007 : 2%,2016:5%
Japan 2010 : 2% ( not include water and Geothermal power )
Korea 2010 : 7% ( include water power )
Norway 2010 : 700 million kwh ( not include wind and Geothermal power )
Singapore 2012 : 35 million kwh ( PV )
Switzerland 2010 : 3500 million kwh /year
Thailand 2011 : 8%
USA 5~30% ( in 18 states ) ,California 2017 : 20%( 3 GW )
UK 2010 : 10%
Netherlands 2010 : 12%
Germany 2010 : 12.5%
Sweden 2010 : 60%
Finland 2010 : 35%
France 2010 : 21%
Italy 2010 : 25%
Spain 2010 : 29%
Austria 2010 : 78%
The usage of renewable energy ( by country )
29. 2007/1/17 29
A symbol of PV system application
Source : Wal-Mart in McKinney, Texas
Wal-Mart BIPV system
Wal-Mart recognizes the potential value of energy efficiency with RMI's help.
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tens of millions
useful
powerful
mobile demand
Shipments of
Mobile phone is ~ 900kk
Mp3 player is ~ 100kk
DSC is ~ 80kk
NB is ~ 60kk
Car is ~ 55kk
in 2006
beautiful
valuable
personal
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ZED current price list of Components and Packages
product specification Price(£)
Components Mono-crystaline
PV Panel
80W(540mm x1200mm) 239
180W(800mm x 1600mm) 539
Grid-Tie solar
inverter
1500 W 449
Solar Thermal
array
18 x 58mm tubes 249
Ashwell Green-
Tec Pellet boiler
4-15 kW Thermal 3,000
Packages Solar Electric PV
Package
9 x 180W Mono-crystaline PV
panels or 20 x 80W Mono-
crystaline PV panels and 1 x
Grid-Tie solar inverter
5,000
Solar Thermal
Package
2 x 18 tube array, 300 litre twin
coil tank,solar controller,
expansion tank and pump station
2,250
Zero CarbonHot
Water Package
Solar Thermal Package above
and Ashwell Green-Tec Pellet
Boiler
5,000
housing -2
Source:ZEDfactory,2006/10
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housing -3
Source : Wal-Mart in McKinney, Texas
Biomass and Wind ( windmill ) usage in Wal-Mart ( RMI tech. )
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• 提昇國際競爭力 朝垂直整合前進
• Enhance competitiveness through vertical integration
• 提早進入待(未)開發市場
• Access to under developed market
• 藉由技術整合來擴大市場規模
• Enlarge market size through technical integration
• 提高PV的附加價值 尋找利基市場
• Raise additional value of PV and find the niche position
• 以「非環保」訴求來推銷PV產品
• Promote PV through ” Non – Environmental Issue”
Conclusion