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Marshmallow Challenge
Instructions
1. Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure
2. The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top
3. Use as Much or as Little of the Materials
4. Break up the Spaghetti, String or Tape
5. The Challenge Lasts 18 minutes

6. NO holding the structure when the time runs out
Who is the greatest leader
of all time?
Mandela, Mother
Teresa, Bill Gates,
JFK
ALA Believes…
• Leadership can be learned
• No one is born a leader, though people may be
gifted with some traits that lend themselves to
leadership
• Leadership traits can be practiced and honed
• There are different types of leadership, called
“leadership paradigms”
• Different leadership paradigms are useful at
different times
• “Good leadership”=Effective leadership+Ethics

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
What is a
Leadership Paradigm?

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
paradigm |ˈparəˌdīm|
Noun
A typical example or pattern of something; a model : there is a new
paradigm for public art in this country.
Also, a worldview underlying the theories and methodology of a
particular subject : the discovery of universal gravitation became the
paradigm of successful science.

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
Simply, a Leadership Paradigm is a way of
thinking of leadership and how leaders are
ascribed/given authority.

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
What are examples of
Leadership Paradigms?

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
Leadership Paradigms
A few examples:
Hierarchical Leadership – By virtue of position in a hierarchy
Technical Leadership – By virtue of technical abilities
Heroic Leadership – By virtue of accomplishments
Servant Leadership – By follower service and deference
Situational Leadership – By virtue of the moment/situation
Autocratic Leadership – By imposing decisions/power as an autocrat
Paternalistic Leadership – Leading as a parent, with followers treated
as children
Democratic Leadership – Leading by treating others as equal
Level 5 Leadership – Builds enduring greatness through personal
humility and professional will

Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
Leadership Paradigms
Paradigm

Hierarchical

Strengths

Weaknesses

Authority is more given
Clear authority; Ability to than earned; vulnerable
move quickly
to power struggles
Not knowledgeable;
Heroic act – license to
relax?

Examples
Mugabe, military
leaders, many
CEOs
Che Guevara,
George
Washington

Heroic

Inspirational, Catalytic

Technical

Effective knowledge base; Weak in any area without Mr. Penn,
knowledge; could be
Consultants,
less likely to make
difficult to challenge
Accountants
mistakes

Servant

Puts followers first and
self last; looks out for
those at the bottom

Weak? Slow-moving

Democratic

Gives everybody a voice
and say in decision
making

Decision making process
Obama, Mbeki
is slow

Jesus, Mandela,
Mahatma Gandhi,
MLK
Mandela, Mother
Teresa, Bill Gates,
JFK
Homework:
1. Reading: Covey, Principles of Personal
Vision & Mindmap (due tomorrow)
2. Journaling (20 mins suggested)
• What leadership paradigm did you
use in the Marshmallow Challenge?
• What leadership paradigm do you
usually use?
• What do you hope to learn about
leadership at ALA?
Mind-mapping
2. day 2 (why leadership)

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2. day 2 (why leadership)

  • 1.
  • 3. Instructions 1. Build the Tallest Freestanding Structure 2. The Entire Marshmallow Must be on Top 3. Use as Much or as Little of the Materials 4. Break up the Spaghetti, String or Tape 5. The Challenge Lasts 18 minutes 6. NO holding the structure when the time runs out
  • 4.
  • 5. Who is the greatest leader of all time?
  • 7. ALA Believes… • Leadership can be learned • No one is born a leader, though people may be gifted with some traits that lend themselves to leadership • Leadership traits can be practiced and honed • There are different types of leadership, called “leadership paradigms” • Different leadership paradigms are useful at different times • “Good leadership”=Effective leadership+Ethics Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 8. What is a Leadership Paradigm? Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 9. paradigm |ˈparəˌdīm| Noun A typical example or pattern of something; a model : there is a new paradigm for public art in this country. Also, a worldview underlying the theories and methodology of a particular subject : the discovery of universal gravitation became the paradigm of successful science. Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 10. Simply, a Leadership Paradigm is a way of thinking of leadership and how leaders are ascribed/given authority. Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 11. What are examples of Leadership Paradigms? Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 12. Leadership Paradigms A few examples: Hierarchical Leadership – By virtue of position in a hierarchy Technical Leadership – By virtue of technical abilities Heroic Leadership – By virtue of accomplishments Servant Leadership – By follower service and deference Situational Leadership – By virtue of the moment/situation Autocratic Leadership – By imposing decisions/power as an autocrat Paternalistic Leadership – Leading as a parent, with followers treated as children Democratic Leadership – Leading by treating others as equal Level 5 Leadership – Builds enduring greatness through personal humility and professional will Copyright © African Leadership Academy, 2013
  • 13. Leadership Paradigms Paradigm Hierarchical Strengths Weaknesses Authority is more given Clear authority; Ability to than earned; vulnerable move quickly to power struggles Not knowledgeable; Heroic act – license to relax? Examples Mugabe, military leaders, many CEOs Che Guevara, George Washington Heroic Inspirational, Catalytic Technical Effective knowledge base; Weak in any area without Mr. Penn, knowledge; could be Consultants, less likely to make difficult to challenge Accountants mistakes Servant Puts followers first and self last; looks out for those at the bottom Weak? Slow-moving Democratic Gives everybody a voice and say in decision making Decision making process Obama, Mbeki is slow Jesus, Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, MLK
  • 15. Homework: 1. Reading: Covey, Principles of Personal Vision & Mindmap (due tomorrow) 2. Journaling (20 mins suggested) • What leadership paradigm did you use in the Marshmallow Challenge? • What leadership paradigm do you usually use? • What do you hope to learn about leadership at ALA?