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This document discusses different types of legal systems that influence business, including common law, civil law, and theocratic law. It also covers legal issues that affect international business such as trade regulations, intellectual property protection, and taxation. The document examines ways governments can intervene in business through ownership controls, foreign exchange and trade policies, and marketing regulations. Students are assigned to research the political and legal systems of various countries.
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common law system - Author :SOWMIYA.R
- Common law is a body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents established by courts in previous rulings on similar cases.
- The doctrine of stare decisis requires courts to follow these legal precedents when making rulings.
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This document discusses competitive free markets and government regulation of markets. It outlines the criteria for perfect competition and threats to competition such as monopoly, oligopoly, and anti-competitive practices. It describes major US antitrust laws and enforcement by the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission. Specific anti-competitive practices like price fixing, mergers, and tying arrangements are explained. The document provides examples and discusses the economic and moral effects of threats to competition.
Comparative Criminal Justice Presentation
The document discusses the three main components of criminal justice systems: law enforcement, courts, and corrections. It provides details on the organization and operations of law enforcement and courts in different countries. For corrections, it covers risk assessment tools and rehabilitation programs used in various nations like the United States, Canada, China, and Russia. The conclusion recommends that the US Department of Justice consider adopting some approaches used in other countries' criminal justice systems.
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This presentation covers key concepts in law including the definition of law, sources of law, precedent, ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. It discusses sources of law in different legal systems like civil law and common law. Precedent establishes principles or rules from prior legal cases that courts use to decide similar future cases. Ratio decidendi is the legal rationale for a decision while obiter dicta are non-binding additional remarks. The difference and advantages/disadvantages of ratio decidendi and obiter dicta are explained through examples.
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This document discusses the economic analysis of law and its interaction with various legal fields such as contract law, tort law, and criminal law. It examines how economic considerations can provide insights into the costs and benefits associated with legal rules and how individuals and organizations respond based on these economic factors. It also explores the formal and informal dimensions of law and how people make decisions based on comparing the costs of complying with formal legal requirements versus operating informally.
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The document discusses young offenders in the criminal justice system. It outlines several key points:
1. It identifies common reasons why young people engage in criminal behavior such as poor parental supervision, drug/alcohol abuse, and negative peer influences.
2. Young people are treated differently than adults in order to protect their welfare and prevent exploitation, as well as protect others from unfair treatment due to their minor status.
3. The minimum age of criminal responsibility in NSW is 10 years old based on the presumption of doli incapax, though there are debates around possibly lowering this age. Alternative diversionary programs and a focus on rehabilitation over punishment are emphasized for young offenders.
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The Australian legal system is a federal system consisting of the Commonwealth (federal) government and nine state and territory jurisdictions. The Constitution establishes a separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The federal government has defined powers under the Constitution while residual powers belong to the states. The court system includes the High Court of Australia at the top, followed by federal and state courts, with local governments also playing a role.
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This document discusses various general defenses under criminal law, including:
1. Unlawful act of child/infancy - Children under 10 are immune from criminal liability in Nepal. Between 10-18, they can claim reduced culpability.
2. Insanity - Several insanity tests have been used over time, including the wild beast test (unable to distinguish right from wrong), McNaughton rules, and Durham/product tests. Current Nepali law considers mental illness as a defense.
3. Intoxication - Voluntary intoxication usually does not excuse criminal liability but may reduce culpability. Involuntary intoxication can be a full defense in some cases.
4. Self-defense,
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110
CHAPTER FOUR
Legal, Regulatory,
and Political Issues
Chapter Objectives
●● To understand the rationale for
government regulation of business
●● To examine the key legislation that
structures the legal environment for
business
●● To analyze the role of regulatory agencies
in the enforcement of public policy
●● To compare the costs and benefits of
regulation
●● To examine how business participates in
and influences public policy
●● To describe the government’s approach
for legal and ethical compliance
Chapter Outline
Government’s Influence on Business
The Contemporary Political Environment
The Government’s Strategic Approach for
Legal and Ethical Compliance
02/18/2018 - RS0000000000000000000000973322 - BUSINESS and SOCIETY 5th edition
111
In the technology industry, protecting one’s intellectual
property through patents is crucial to the survival of
a company. A patent gives an organization such as
Microsoft a temporary monopoly over a new technol-
ogy. Patents are intended to reward firms for the risks
they take in developing new products. They not only
allow the firms to recoup their investment but also
give them the chance to earn a significant profit. This
prompts technology firms to constantly innovate and
stay ahead of the competition by patenting new items.
Companies will often file lawsuits seeking dam-
ages from those they believe violated their intellectual
property rights. One well-publicized case occurred
between two titans of the cell phone industry, Apple
and Samsung. After Apple introduced its iconic iPhone,
Samsung came out with its own smartphone called
Galaxy S. Apple filed a lawsuit against Samsung, accus-
ing it of violating its iPhone patent by copying many
components of the iPhone, including the rectangular
shape; the black color of the phone; the tap to zoom,
the flip to rotate, the slide to scroll features; and so
on. It also claimed that Samsung copied features of its
iPad product.
Samsung countersued, claiming that many of
these components had already been patented by
Samsung; thus, Samsung—and not Apple—held the
intellectual property rights. The lawsuit soon snow-
balled, with suits being filed in the United States, South
Korea, Germany, Japan, and other areas. Many of these
countries came to different conclusions. For instance,
the United States found Samsung guilty of intellectual
property violations and ordered Samsung to pay Apple
$1 billion in damages (this was later reduced). However,
South Korea determined that Apple violated two
of Samsung’s patents, while Samsung violated one
of Apple’s. The United Kingdom ruled in favor of
Samsung, while Germany banned sales of the Galaxy
Tab 2.0 because of its similarities to Apple’s iPad 2.
The different court rulings demonstrate the com-
plexities of international regulations. The ethical and
legal standards of intellectual property vary from coun-
try to country, mak ...
Business ethics part 2 - chapter 6
This document summarizes five key pieces of US legislation related to business ethics: 1) The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 which prohibits bribery of foreign officials; 2) The Defense Industry Initiatives (DII) of 1986 which established ethics principles for defense contractors; 3) The US Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations of 1991 which hold companies criminally liable and established compliance programs; 4) Revisions to the Guidelines in 2004 which strengthened compliance program requirements; and 5) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which addressed accounting scandals through increased financial disclosure standards and oversight.
How to Move Your Startup Company to the U.S.
Recorded 6/20/23
Moving an international company to the U.S. can be a challenging process with many pitfalls.
This video is designed to help tech startups understand some of the legal decisions that need to be taken into consideration when expanding your company to the U.S.
The speakers discuss:
1. Why many startup founders want to bring their company to the U.S.
2. When is a good time to start the process?
3. What is an appropriate legal structure for U.S. operations or funding in the U.S.?
4. What are the typical rounds of raising capital in the U.S.?
5. What are the most common mistakes founders make during the early stages of their startup (taxation, IP, immigration, insurance, compliance)?
About the Speakers:
Svetlana Kamyshanskaya, the founder of Primum Law Group, is a global citizen with the legal, operational, and project management expertise to chart a successful course for expanding inbound tech companies and startups. Svetlana works with entrepreneurs and executives at all stages of development. She has personalized her clients’ road maps for bringing their business to the U.S.
Elina Firsava is a corporate attorney at Primum Law Group where her practice focuses on helping international and domestic companies to incorporate and develop their business in the United States. She assists startups with their general corporate matters, including entity formation and reorganization.
MBA INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
The document provides information about global business planning systems and the components of an international business plan. It discusses determining demand in foreign markets, organizational structure, marketing strategy, costs, investment needs, and legal requirements. The key aspects of an international business plan include research on target global markets, supply chain and distribution plans, startup and operational costs, expansion strategy, management structure, financial projections, and obtaining necessary licenses and permits. The business plan communicates the company's goals, risks, and timeline for reaching objectives in global operations.
Case study.pptx
China enacted economic reforms in 1978 that opened the country to foreign direct investment after 30 years of isolationist policies under communist rule. This attracted many foreign companies due to China's large population and market potential. However, navigating China's unique political and legal systems presented challenges for foreign businesses. The bureaucracy relied more on politics than laws, and the developing legal system lacked comprehensive protections. Corruption was also pervasive due to the government's role in business and weak enforcement. While China has continued liberalizing its economy since joining the WTO, its implementation of obligations has been sluggish and the business environment remains complex.
How to Move Your Startup Company to the U.S.
Presented August 23, 2023
Moving an international company to the U.S. can be a challenging process with many pitfalls.
This webinar is designed to help tech startups understand some of the legal decisions that need to be taken into consideration when expanding your company to the U.S.
The speakers will discuss:
1. Why many startup founders want to bring their company to the U.S.
2. When it is a good time to start the process?
3. What is an appropriate legal structure for U.S. operations or funding in the U.S.?
4. What are the typical rounds of raising capital in the U.S.?
5. What are the most common mistakes founders make during the early stages of their startup (taxation, IP, immigration, insurances, compliances)?
Navigate the complexities of tax compliance
Tax compliance can be a complex endeavor due to ever-evolving tax laws, intricate regulations, and varying jurisdictional requirements. Navigating these challenges requires a comprehensive understanding of tax codes, meticulous record-keeping, and staying updated with the latest changes in tax legislation.
www.annapoornaapt.com
Legal Overview: Doing Business in the USA
Vinita Mehra and Jasmin Hurley took part in an event about launching businesses put on by the Greater Columbus Chinese Chamber of Commerce. They discussed U.S.-China trade relations, focusing on U.S.-bound investment, its structures and incentives. They also covered entry options for investors, detailing corporate structuring and taxability, and gave several tips to doing business in the U.S., especially related to IP protection.
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Factors impeding international accounting standards
Factors impeding international accounting standards
110 CHAPTER FOURLegal, Regulatory, and Political Iss.docx
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MBA INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
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3 political environment
The political environment plays an important role in international business as it controls how business occurs in each country. Managers must understand how to interact with governments and react to conflicts of interest. They must also learn to deal with varying degrees of governmental intervention and different political processes around the world. The political system can affect business through laws regulating domestic and international transactions. Managers should identify political issues, key stakeholders, and formulate strategies to establish appropriate political strategies while mitigating political risks that may threaten their operations or ability to do business.
6 control
The document discusses factors that make international control more difficult than domestic control. Distance, diversity, uncontrollables, and uncertainty make evaluating performance and setting standards across different countries complicated. Effective control requires planning organizational structure, decision-making processes, control mechanisms, and consideration of special situations like joint ventures or acquisitions. Control is challenging for multinational enterprises operating in various regulatory environments with differing needs.
4 economic
The document discusses key economic concepts including different types of economic systems, key economic indicators, and macroeconomic issues. It defines market, centrally planned, and mixed economies. Key economic indicators examined are per capita income, quality of life, purchasing power, and structure of production. Macroeconomic issues covered are economic growth, inflation, external debt, and deficits. Understanding a country's economic environment can help companies predict how trends may affect future business performance.
1 international business
The document discusses why studying international business is important. It provides several reasons:
1. Most large organizations have international operations or are affected by the global economy, so understanding international business is important for career opportunities and interacting with other managers.
2. Studying international business prepares small companies that may get involved in international business through importing/exporting or competing globally.
3. Understanding other cultures and political systems is important to appreciate differences and find common ground.
4. No single country has a monopoly on good ideas, so studying international business techniques keeps companies aware of global innovations.
The document then discusses various modes for companies to enter international business such as licensing, franchising, exporting, turnkey
2 culture accoding_to_silibus
This document discusses culture and its impact on business. It defines culture and lists its key elements, including attitudes, values, beliefs and practices. It also outlines Hofstede's 5 dimensions of national culture that influence behavior: individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femininity, and long vs short-term orientation. The document then examines causes of cultural differences between countries and how culture can change over time due to factors like technology, economics and politics. It provides examples of cultural behaviors that affect business and strategies for reconciling international cultural differences, such as cultural awareness and grouping similar countries.
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3 legal system
- 1. LEGAL SYSTEM Legal systems is another dimension of external environment that influence business 1
- 2. CATEGORIES Common Law Civil Law Theocratic Law 2
- 3. Common Law Based on tradition, precedent and custom and usage Courts are an important role in interpreting the law according to those characteristic Contracts is very important and must very detailed Ex. United Kingdom & United State of America 3
- 4. Civil Law Based on very detailed set of laws that are organized into a code as a foundation for doing business Based on how the law is applied to the facts Contracts is shorter and less specific or not very detail Less adversarial than common law Ex. German, France & Japan 4
- 5. Theocratic Law Based on religions percepts ex. Islamic Law or syariah that based on following sources ex. Al-Quran, As Sunnah & Hadith Is a moral law 5
- 6. LEGAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Trade and investment regulation Intelectual property protection Financial flows regulation Taxation Reporting requirement Ownership regulations 6
- 7. INTERVENE OF GOVERNMENT Reasons of intervene:- Self interest of the government Government needs the support from many constituencies ex. Labour union, religious organization etc. 7
- 8. INTERVENE OF GOVERNMENT Types of intervention:- Ownership + control - Confiscation - Expropriation - Domestication Foreign Exchange, Export, Import + taxation - Currency down, gov establish exchange control - Gov demand to the MNC to export certain amount of MNC output to earn foreign exchange - Gov demand to the MNC to import raw material to control price - Gov can changes tax rates to increase tax revenue The marketing mix - certain portion of product must locally manufacturing - set a price ceilling - requirement to distribute product that not give profit 8
- 9. Assignment Find out the following country's political system practices. Information is available through the website or any sources that could be adopted: Malaysia United Kingdom United States of America Japan China Indonesia Saudi Arabia Thailand Brunei Sepanyol Singapura India Vietnam Burma Date to submit: 9