Culture refers to the cumulative knowledge, beliefs, values and behaviors acquired by a group over generations. It includes material objects and intangible elements like attitudes and religion. Culture is abstract and shared within a society, representing the ideal patterns that are learned and shape a group's way of life. It can be analyzed at different levels from national to corporate and is comprised of elements like language, attitudes, norms and types that range from clan to hierarchy oriented.

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2. Culture Definition-
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 Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge,
experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings,
hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial
relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects
and possessions acquired by a group of people in the
course of generations through individual and group
striving.
 Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a
group of people that are generally considered to be the
tradition of that people and are transmitted from
generation to generation.

3. Characteristics Of Culture-
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Culture is Abstract:
Culture exists in the minds or habits of the members of
society.
Culture is a Pattern of Learned Behavior:
The definition of culture indicated that the learned behavior
of people is patterned.
Culture is the Products of Behavior:
Culture learning is the product of behavior. As the person
behaves, there occur changes in him.

4. 
Cont.…..
Culture is shared by the Members of Society:
The patterns of learned behavior and the results of behavior
are possessed not by one or a few person, but usually by a
large proportion.
Culture is a way of Life:
Culture means simply the “way of life” of a people or their
“design for living.”
Culture is Idealistic:
Culture embodies the ideas and norms of a group. It is sum-total
of the ideal patterns and norms of behavior of a group.

5. Elements Of Culture-
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6. 
Cont.…..
Attitudes, Values and Goals:
Each person learns in his culture what is good, true, and
beautiful. Attitudes, values and goals are defined by the
culture. Attitude are tendencies to feel and act in certain
ways. Values are measures of goodness or desirability. Goals
are those attainments which our values define as worthy.
Language:
Important for communication and passing on traditions and
beliefs.

7. 
Cont.…..
Religion:
Monotheism: belief in one god.
Polytheism: belief in more than one god.
Norms:
Norms are culturally defined expectations of behavior. They
are guidelines we use to determine how we should behave in
any given situation and what would be considered
inappropriate behavior.

8. Types Of Culture-
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There are four types of culture: Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and
Hierarchy.
Clan Culture:
Clan oriented cultures are family-like, with a focus on
mentoring, nurturing, and “doing things together.”
Adhocracy Culture:
Adhocracy oriented cultures are dynamic and
entrepreneurial, with a focus on risk-taking, innovation, and
“doing things first.”

9. 
Cont.…..
Market Culture:
Market oriented cultures are results oriented, with a focus on
competition, achievement, and “getting the job done.”
Hierarchy Culture:
Hierarchy oriented cultures are structured and controlled,
with a focus on efficiency, stability and “doing things right.”

10. Layers Of Culture-
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Different layers of culture exist at the following levels:
The National Level:
Associated with the nation as a whole.
The Regional Level:
Associated with ethnic, linguistic, or religious differences that
exist within a nation.
The Gender Level:
Associated with gender differences (female vs. male).

11. 
Cont.….
The Generation Level:
Associated with the differences between grandparents and
parents, parents and children.
The Social Class Level:
Associated with educational opportunities and differences in
occupation.
The Corporate Level:
Associated with the particular culture of an organization.
Applicable to those who are employed.

12. Submitted By:
Aishwarya Ambikesh & Shivangi Verma
MBA-HR 3rd Sem
Department of Rural Management
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow