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1 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence FLAN 3440 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Acculturation The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other 2 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 3 Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 4 Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 5 Model of Acculturation The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture Young Kim’s model maintains that acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process 6 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 7 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 8 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 9 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communica.
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1Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications.docx
1
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence
FLAN 3440
Acculturation
The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices
When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Acculturative Stress
The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
People face changes in
Diet
Climate
Housing
Communication
Role prescriptions
Media consumption
Norms
Values
Isolation
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
Model of Acculturation
The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture
Young Kim’s model maintains that
acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture
the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process
4
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Modes of Acculturation
Assimilation
Integration
Separation
Marginalization
Cultural transmutation
6
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Modes of Acculturation
Levels of acculturation depend on:
the degree to which the person approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture
(outgroup contact and relations)
the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes
(ingroup identity and maintenance)
7
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
8
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201–234.
Acculturation in the United States
The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
9
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Culture Shock
The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion, and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals.
10
Neuliep, Intercultural Communicatio ...
Chapter 91Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE P.docx
Chapter 9
1
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Developing Intercultural Relationships
Flan 3440/Fall 2017
Factors that Affect Intercultural Relationships
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Communication & Uncertainty
Premise of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT): the primary goal when interacting with a stranger is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability of behavior.
Proactive
Interactive
Retroactive
3
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
4
Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM)
Explains interrelationships among:
Uncertainty
Anxiety
Mindfulness
Communication Effectiveness
Focus on Management not Reduction
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Uncertainty Reduction & ICA
People who experienced high ICA experienced high uncertainty
People who do not experience ICA have low uncertainty
Increasing our interaction with persons from different cultures reduces our uncertainty and anxiety
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
6
Socio-Communicative Orientation
Assertiveness
an individual’s ability to make requests, actively disagree, and express positive or negative personal rights and feelings.
Responsiveness
an individual’s ability to e sensitive to the communication of others, including providing feedback, engaging in comforting communication, and listening.
7
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Empathy & Similarity in Relationship Development
Empathy
Degree to which we can accurately infer another’s thoughts or feelings
Relational Empathy
Shared meaning and harmonization that is the result of the interaction of two people
Third Culture
Created when dyad of persons from different cultures comes together and establishes relational empathy
8
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
9
Empathetic Listening
Paraphrase
Reflect feelings
Reflect meanings
Summarizing
10
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Similarity
Attitude Similarity between persons leads to positive affect which leads to attraction
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
11
Perceptions of Relational Intimacy Across Cultures
Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
Humanism
Faithfulness
Propriety
Wisdom
12
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Eastern & Western Cultures & Relationships
13
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Interethnic & Interracial Relationships & Marriages
Serial monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
14
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
© iStockphoto.com/Elena Elisseeva
Intereth ...
CHAPTER 11 Intercultural Communication in Business, Health Care.docx
CHAPTER 11: Intercultural Communication in Business, Health Care and Educational Settings
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
1
FLAN 3440
Intercultural Management
Successful cross-cultural management depends on the ability of managers understand the:
Cultural context
Organizational culture
Environmental context
Perceptual context
Organization’s emphasis on group membership
Verbal and nonverbal codes of the foreign counterparts
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
Power Distance & Organizations
Characteristics of large power distance cultures:
Status conscious
Employ top-down communication
Mindful of employee welfare
Employees not expected to participate in decision making.
4
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Environmental Context
Perspective on the environment including
Information load
Privacy
Company’s overall orientation to nature
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Perceptual Context
The attitudes, emotions, and motivations of the persons engaged in communication and how they affect information processing
Categorizing
Stereotyping
Group Membership
Verbal and Nonverbal codes
Language
6
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
This Photo is licensed under CC BY-SA
6
Speaking their Language! Don’t do this!
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
7
Did you laugh!
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
8
Valerie Hoeks: Cultural difference in business
9
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Top 10
Make your List
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
10
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
Japanese Management Practices
Wa (harmony)
Taiso (morning exercise) (not any more)
Salaryman
Karoshi (overwork death) (Black Kigyo)
Shushin koyo (lifetime employment)
Nenko joretsu (seniority grading)
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
11
Japanese Managerial Strategies
Firm’s Authority
Personal Development
Socializing
Gaijin
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
12
This Photo is licensed under CC BY-SA
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
13
SOURCE: Beer, J. E. (2003 and 2016). The Life of a Salaryman: Time, Space, Career Path. Retrieved from http://www.culture-at-work.com/jworklife.html. Used with permission.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
14
SOURCE: Table adapted from Lewis, R. D. (2006). When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures, pp. 515–517. Copyright © 2006, Boston: Nicholas.
Akkari berry
This document summarizes a lead article from Applied Psychology: An International Review in 1997 about immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. The summary is as follows:
1) It introduces concepts like acculturation, psychological acculturation, adaptation, and acculturation strategies to describe how individuals adjust when moving between cultural contexts.
2) It outlines a framework with four acculturation strategies (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization) based on an individual's interest in maintaining their original culture versus having relationships with other groups.
3) It discusses factors like voluntariness of migration, mobility, and permanence that influence the acculturation process and outcomes for different groups like immigrants, refugees
Acculturation perspective of global leadership
The document discusses acculturation perspectives for global leadership. It defines acculturation as occurring when groups with different cultures come into contact, potentially causing stress. It describes John Berry's fourfold acculturation model of assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization based on cultural maintenance and contact. Further models integrating both host and immigrant perspectives are discussed. A five step model of increasing attention, experiencing accountability and dissonance, and resolving dissonance through complex thinking is presented to explain acculturation choice mechanisms.
Acculturation perspective of global leadership
The document discusses acculturation perspectives for global leadership. It defines acculturation as occurring when groups with different cultures come into contact, potentially causing stress. It describes John Berry's fourfold acculturation model of assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization based on cultural maintenance and contact. Further models integrating both host and immigrant perspectives are discussed. A five step model of increased attention, accountability, dissonance, resolution, and learning is presented to explain acculturation choice mechanisms. Intercultural sensitivity is linked to acculturation experiences.
Critical Literacy, Communication and Interaction 1: Unit 5
Critical Literacy, Communication and Interaction 1: Unit 5.
This Unit focus on Intercultural Communication
Chapter 3Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e.
Chapter 3
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice and Discrimination
2
2
Individual prejudice is a set of feelings or emotions that people attach to groups, including their own
For example, someone may have a negative view of the Irish and call them “drunks”
This is a generalized association with an entire group
Several psychological and social-psychological research traditions focus on the emotional or affective aspect of prejudice
The scapegoat hypothesis and the theory of the authoritarian personality
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
3
Instructor’s Note: Ask students about a time in which they experienced prejudice.
3
The Scapegoat Hypothesis holds that people sometimes express their frustrations against substitute targets
When the substitutes are other groups, prejudice increases
Researchers have used this theory to explain a variety of political, social, and economic events
For example, the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the 1930s
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
4
Instructor’s Note: Ask students to provide another example.
4
The theory of the authoritarian personality links prejudice to childhood experiences with stern, severe parents
On the surface, children of authoritarian families respect and love their parents
Internally, they resent and fear their severe and distant parents
Prejudice provides people with authoritarian personalities a way of coping with their conflicted feelings
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
5
The cognitive dimension of prejudice includes stereotypes about people in other groups
Stereotypes are over-simplified generalizations that are said to apply to all group members
For example, all feminists, Christians, or Southerners
Selective perception is the tendency to see only what one expects to see
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
6
Instructor’s Note: What is an example of selective perception?
6
Individual prejudice has an affective dimension in addition to the cognitive
Robert Merton (1968) makes this distinction between dimensions dramatically
Merton analyzed stereotypical perceptions of Abraham Lincoln, Jews, and Japanese
The three “stereotypes” are identical in content but different in emotional shading
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
7
Instructor’s Note: What is meant by emotional shading?
7
The affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice vary not only by race and ethnicity but also by gender and class
For example, the stereotypes and feelings attached to Black men differ from those attached to Black women
Feelings about lower-class Mexican Americans are different from those evoked by upper-class members of the same group
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publ ...
Recommended
1Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications.docx
1
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence
FLAN 3440
Acculturation
The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices
When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Acculturative Stress
The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
People face changes in
Diet
Climate
Housing
Communication
Role prescriptions
Media consumption
Norms
Values
Isolation
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
Model of Acculturation
The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture
Young Kim’s model maintains that
acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture
the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process
4
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Modes of Acculturation
Assimilation
Integration
Separation
Marginalization
Cultural transmutation
6
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Modes of Acculturation
Levels of acculturation depend on:
the degree to which the person approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture
(outgroup contact and relations)
the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes
(ingroup identity and maintenance)
7
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
8
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201–234.
Acculturation in the United States
The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
9
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Culture Shock
The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion, and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals.
10
Neuliep, Intercultural Communicatio ...
Chapter 91Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE P.docx
Chapter 9
1
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Developing Intercultural Relationships
Flan 3440/Fall 2017
Factors that Affect Intercultural Relationships
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Communication & Uncertainty
Premise of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT): the primary goal when interacting with a stranger is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability of behavior.
Proactive
Interactive
Retroactive
3
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
4
Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM)
Explains interrelationships among:
Uncertainty
Anxiety
Mindfulness
Communication Effectiveness
Focus on Management not Reduction
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Uncertainty Reduction & ICA
People who experienced high ICA experienced high uncertainty
People who do not experience ICA have low uncertainty
Increasing our interaction with persons from different cultures reduces our uncertainty and anxiety
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
6
Socio-Communicative Orientation
Assertiveness
an individual’s ability to make requests, actively disagree, and express positive or negative personal rights and feelings.
Responsiveness
an individual’s ability to e sensitive to the communication of others, including providing feedback, engaging in comforting communication, and listening.
7
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Empathy & Similarity in Relationship Development
Empathy
Degree to which we can accurately infer another’s thoughts or feelings
Relational Empathy
Shared meaning and harmonization that is the result of the interaction of two people
Third Culture
Created when dyad of persons from different cultures comes together and establishes relational empathy
8
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
9
Empathetic Listening
Paraphrase
Reflect feelings
Reflect meanings
Summarizing
10
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Similarity
Attitude Similarity between persons leads to positive affect which leads to attraction
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
11
Perceptions of Relational Intimacy Across Cultures
Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
Humanism
Faithfulness
Propriety
Wisdom
12
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Eastern & Western Cultures & Relationships
13
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Interethnic & Interracial Relationships & Marriages
Serial monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
14
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
© iStockphoto.com/Elena Elisseeva
Intereth ...
CHAPTER 11 Intercultural Communication in Business, Health Care.docx
CHAPTER 11: Intercultural Communication in Business, Health Care and Educational Settings
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
1
FLAN 3440
Intercultural Management
Successful cross-cultural management depends on the ability of managers understand the:
Cultural context
Organizational culture
Environmental context
Perceptual context
Organization’s emphasis on group membership
Verbal and nonverbal codes of the foreign counterparts
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
2
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
Power Distance & Organizations
Characteristics of large power distance cultures:
Status conscious
Employ top-down communication
Mindful of employee welfare
Employees not expected to participate in decision making.
4
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Environmental Context
Perspective on the environment including
Information load
Privacy
Company’s overall orientation to nature
5
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Perceptual Context
The attitudes, emotions, and motivations of the persons engaged in communication and how they affect information processing
Categorizing
Stereotyping
Group Membership
Verbal and Nonverbal codes
Language
6
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
This Photo is licensed under CC BY-SA
6
Speaking their Language! Don’t do this!
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
7
Did you laugh!
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
8
Valerie Hoeks: Cultural difference in business
9
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Top 10
Make your List
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
10
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
Japanese Management Practices
Wa (harmony)
Taiso (morning exercise) (not any more)
Salaryman
Karoshi (overwork death) (Black Kigyo)
Shushin koyo (lifetime employment)
Nenko joretsu (seniority grading)
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
11
Japanese Managerial Strategies
Firm’s Authority
Personal Development
Socializing
Gaijin
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
12
This Photo is licensed under CC BY-SA
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
13
SOURCE: Beer, J. E. (2003 and 2016). The Life of a Salaryman: Time, Space, Career Path. Retrieved from http://www.culture-at-work.com/jworklife.html. Used with permission.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
14
SOURCE: Table adapted from Lewis, R. D. (2006). When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures, pp. 515–517. Copyright © 2006, Boston: Nicholas.
Akkari berry
This document summarizes a lead article from Applied Psychology: An International Review in 1997 about immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. The summary is as follows:
1) It introduces concepts like acculturation, psychological acculturation, adaptation, and acculturation strategies to describe how individuals adjust when moving between cultural contexts.
2) It outlines a framework with four acculturation strategies (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization) based on an individual's interest in maintaining their original culture versus having relationships with other groups.
3) It discusses factors like voluntariness of migration, mobility, and permanence that influence the acculturation process and outcomes for different groups like immigrants, refugees
Acculturation perspective of global leadership
The document discusses acculturation perspectives for global leadership. It defines acculturation as occurring when groups with different cultures come into contact, potentially causing stress. It describes John Berry's fourfold acculturation model of assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization based on cultural maintenance and contact. Further models integrating both host and immigrant perspectives are discussed. A five step model of increasing attention, experiencing accountability and dissonance, and resolving dissonance through complex thinking is presented to explain acculturation choice mechanisms.
Acculturation perspective of global leadership
The document discusses acculturation perspectives for global leadership. It defines acculturation as occurring when groups with different cultures come into contact, potentially causing stress. It describes John Berry's fourfold acculturation model of assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization based on cultural maintenance and contact. Further models integrating both host and immigrant perspectives are discussed. A five step model of increased attention, accountability, dissonance, resolution, and learning is presented to explain acculturation choice mechanisms. Intercultural sensitivity is linked to acculturation experiences.
Critical Literacy, Communication and Interaction 1: Unit 5
Critical Literacy, Communication and Interaction 1: Unit 5.
This Unit focus on Intercultural Communication
Chapter 3Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e.
Chapter 3
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice and Discrimination
2
2
Individual prejudice is a set of feelings or emotions that people attach to groups, including their own
For example, someone may have a negative view of the Irish and call them “drunks”
This is a generalized association with an entire group
Several psychological and social-psychological research traditions focus on the emotional or affective aspect of prejudice
The scapegoat hypothesis and the theory of the authoritarian personality
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
3
Instructor’s Note: Ask students about a time in which they experienced prejudice.
3
The Scapegoat Hypothesis holds that people sometimes express their frustrations against substitute targets
When the substitutes are other groups, prejudice increases
Researchers have used this theory to explain a variety of political, social, and economic events
For example, the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the 1930s
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
4
Instructor’s Note: Ask students to provide another example.
4
The theory of the authoritarian personality links prejudice to childhood experiences with stern, severe parents
On the surface, children of authoritarian families respect and love their parents
Internally, they resent and fear their severe and distant parents
Prejudice provides people with authoritarian personalities a way of coping with their conflicted feelings
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
5
The cognitive dimension of prejudice includes stereotypes about people in other groups
Stereotypes are over-simplified generalizations that are said to apply to all group members
For example, all feminists, Christians, or Southerners
Selective perception is the tendency to see only what one expects to see
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
6
Instructor’s Note: What is an example of selective perception?
6
Individual prejudice has an affective dimension in addition to the cognitive
Robert Merton (1968) makes this distinction between dimensions dramatically
Merton analyzed stereotypical perceptions of Abraham Lincoln, Jews, and Japanese
The three “stereotypes” are identical in content but different in emotional shading
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publishing, 2018.
Prejudice
7
Instructor’s Note: What is meant by emotional shading?
7
The affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice vary not only by race and ethnicity but also by gender and class
For example, the stereotypes and feelings attached to Black men differ from those attached to Black women
Feelings about lower-class Mexican Americans are different from those evoked by upper-class members of the same group
Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class 8e. © SAGE Publ ...
Risk communication
This document discusses communication, culture, and risk perceptions related to science and technology issues. It presents several models of science communication, including the deficit model, which assumes increased science knowledge will lead to greater acceptance of scientific views, and the public engagement model, which sees the public as interpretive communities that bring cultural and social perspectives. It also discusses how cultural cognition affects people's views on issues like climate change, with more scientific information sometimes increasing polarization. Overall, the document advocates moving beyond deficit models to recognize the cultural and social contexts that shape public risk perceptions.
Opportunities - Chinese Child Market
The document summarizes key aspects of the social, cultural, and economic environment in China as it relates to opportunities for Western companies targeting China's child population. It discusses Chinese culture and values, the education system, trends among Chinese children as consumers, and analyses China using cultural frameworks. Market opportunities exist due to China's large population and growing economy, though companies must consider China's cultural context to effectively market products.
Exploring culture by ah forough ameri
This document provides tips for teachers to help students explore culture in the classroom. It discusses two responsibilities of teachers regarding culture and language. It then lists tips such as having students define culture, raising culture to a conscious level, pointing out hidden aspects of culture, showing how cultures value things differently, and helping students understand how culture works. The document provides research and examples to support each tip. The overall goal is to help students learn about their own and other cultures.
UNIT 524
This document outlines the learning objectives for Unit 524, which focuses on facilitating change in health, social care, or children and young people's settings. The objectives include understanding principles of change management, analyzing internal and external factors driving change, describing theories and approaches that support the change process, and explaining the importance of effective change management. The document also discusses factors like leadership, assets, and financial strength that influence an organization's internal environment and ability to implement strategies and change.
An att glob_persp_04_11_29
This document discusses the importance of developing a global perspective through education. It outlines 5 dimensions that can help foster a global perspective:
1. Perspective consciousness - The awareness that one's own view of the world is shaped by influences and is not universally shared. Others have profoundly different views.
2. "State of the planet" awareness - Awareness of prevailing world conditions, trends, developments regarding issues like population, resources, technology, conflicts.
3. Cross-cultural awareness - Understanding and appreciating other national cultures and cultures within one's own nation.
4. Knowledge of global dynamics - Understanding the ways nations, organizations, populations and groups are interconnected and interact worldwide.
5
Impact of the narrative formats on the behavior improvement in relation to th...
Impact of the narrative formats on the behavior improvement in relation to th...Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality
Track 16. Doctoral Consortium
Authors: Diego Cachón and Juan José Igartua
https://youtu.be/BDdmc7uKjbcHow National Identities Are Built: An Empirical Test of the Theory of “Image...
How National Identities Are Built: An Empirical Test of the Theory of “Image...Qingjiang (Q. J.) Yao
This study is an empirical test of Anderson's (2006) theory of "imagined communities" among the BRICS nations and the U.S. Using data collected through the fifth wave of the World Values Survey from Brazil, China, India, India, South Africa, and US, the study confirmed the argument of Anderson who believes that mass media have been the major channel for citizens of nation-states to construct their national identities. Religion’s impacts on the constriction of national identity, national proudness, and global identity is complex. Interestingly, the data revealed that national identity does not lessen global identity, which is positively associated with the postmaterialist value that is prevalent among the younger generations.PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an approach to enquiry which has been used since the 1940s. It involves researchers and participants working together to understand a problematic situation and change it for the better. There are many definitions of the approach, which share some common elements. PAR focuses on social change that promotes democracy and challenges inequality; is context-specific, often targeted on the needs of a particular group; is an iterative cycle of research, action and reflection; and often seeks to ‘liberate’ participants to have a greater awareness of their situation in order to take action. PAR uses a range of different methods, both qualitative and quantitative.
Ic2s2 Tutorial on Modeling Human Values via Social Media Data
Understanding human values with an empirical approach, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, allows us to better model behaviours, actions, and attitudes towards social phenomena. It is invaluable in the design of, for instance, effective health interventions - such as encouraging vaccination- or even appropriate communication campaigns for policy making - such as sensibilization towards pro-environmental attitudes. This is important since public debate on human values often focuses on perceived threats to different values while rarely understanding or articulating how values are inferred from people’s behaviors and judgements. In this tutorial, we give an overview of how the basic human and moral values are interpreted according to the psychological literature, as a combination of individual, societal, and cultural forces. We discuss the latest research in assessing these through both traditional methods, as well as through quantitative methods applied to digital data. In the first part, we provide an overview of traditional survey methods, and discuss their applicability to the new forms of discourse, the validity of recruitment using the Internet and new opportunities this medium holds. In the second part, we consider several case studies of applying computational methods to large amounts of social media data for understanding values associated with specific domains, including politics, health, charitable giving, and privacy, and discuss how social media can capture the behavioral differences in large populations of different values. Here, we introduce methodologies for large scale data analysis including topic discovery, topic refinement, grounded theory labeling, network science, and regression modeling. We conclude with the discussion of ethical use of such modeling, including data and model bias, informed consent, intervention design, and the use of persuasive technology.
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2.docx
This document provides an annotated bibliography on cultural diversity and biases. It summarizes 10 sources, including journal articles, books, and reviews that discuss topics like ethnic-racial socialization among immigrant families, biases in social data, cultural humility in teaching psychology, the effect of culture on mood disorders, exploring cultural biases in archives, counseling culturally diverse clients, culture and psychotherapy, and collaborative care models from a global perspective. The sources are used to highlight the importance of understanding cultural differences and addressing biases and disparities between cultures.
Linking Social Change and Developmental ChangeShifting Path.docx
Linking Social Change and Developmental Change:
Shifting Pathways of Human Development
Patricia M. Greenfield
University of California, Los Angeles
P. M. Greenfield’s new theory of social change and human development aims to show how changing
sociodemographic ecologies alter cultural values and learning environments and thereby shift
developmental pathways. Worldwide sociodemographic trends include movement from rural resi-
dence, informal education at home, subsistence economy, and low-technology environments to
urban residence, formal schooling, commerce, and high-technology environments. The former
ecology is summarized by the German term Gemeinschaft (“community”) and the latter by the
German term Gesellschaft (“society”; Tönnies, 1887/1957). A review of empirical research dem-
onstrates that, through adaptive processes, movement of any ecological variable in a Gesellschaft
direction shifts cultural values in an individualistic direction and developmental pathways toward
more independent social behavior and more abstract cognition—to give a few examples of the
myriad behaviors that respond to these sociodemographic changes. In contrast, the (much less
frequent) movement of any ecological variable in a Gemeinschaft direction is predicted to move
cultural values and developmental pathways in the opposite direction. In conclusion, sociocultural
environments are not static either in the developed or the developing world and therefore must be
treated dynamically in developmental research.
Keywords: social change, culture, cognitive development, social development, learning
The goal in this article is to develop a theory that links social
change with developmental change. It therefore deals simulta-
neously with two scales of development: change within a lifetime
and change across succeeding generations. In the field of devel-
opmental psychology, one normally thinks of developmental tra-
jectories as a constant across historical time. Indeed, a theoretical
problem is that theory and research in cultural psychology, includ-
ing cultural developmental psychology, assume that cultures are
static rather than dynamic. This article, in contrast, presents a
theory that, paradoxically, sees change in developmental trajec-
tories as the constant. A major goal of the theory of social
change and human development is to explain how, as sociode-
mographic conditions change, cultural values and developmen-
tal patterns are transformed across generations. Because socio-
demographic conditions are changing throughout the world—in
the direction of greater urbanization, higher levels of formal
schooling, increasing commercialization, and ever higher levels
of technology—the influence of social change on developmen-
tal patterns is an important domain in which theory is needed to
guide empirical research and to understand children and youths
in the United States and around the world.
A major strength of the theory of social change and human
development is.
TEACHING NOTESELF-ASSESSMENT AND DIALOGUE AS TOOLSFOR APPR.docx
TEACHING NOTE
SELF-ASSESSMENT AND DIALOGUE AS TOOLS
FOR APPRECIATING DIVERSITY
Gwenelle S. O'Neai
West Chester University
As social work educators continue to examine methods and techrüques to pro-
vide meaningful knowledge about racism and discriminafion, the role of self-
assessment and dialogue should also be explored. This teaching note presents a
tool for students and educators to use in considering Uterature discriminafion
and increasing awareness of mulficultural resources. This tool and the related
acfivifies may be used for orientafion or modified and combined with the vari-
ety of mixed media used to engage students in acfive learning.
THE ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION in e s t a b l i s h i n g
mindsets or world views is an estabUshed per-
specfive among sociologists, social workers,
and other helping professionals. Educafional
socializafion has typicaUy favored middle-
class Euro Ainerican students and neglected
the importance of ethnic minority or working-
class student backgrounds (Stanton-Salazar,
1997). It seems relevant that engagement
around diversity content should begin with
the evaluafion of one's own socializafion or
connection to multicultural examples and
concepts. Services to individuals, famdies,
groups, organizafions, and communifies need
to come from an understanding of the
demeaning reaUfies and often unjust circum-
stances that many people have faced or are
facing. This teaching note presents the de-
scripfion of an exercise that has been used
over the past 10 years to orient students to
their verbal acknowledgement of the appreci-
afion of diversity and their actual parficipa-
tion in gaining understanding of the mulfiple
cultural backgrounds of people in our com-
munifies. Related acfivities are also described.
Diaiogue, Self-Assessment,
and the Learning Process
The human-behavior-in-the-social-environ-
ment course The Dialecfic of Oppression and
Liberafion examines the impact of oppression
and discriminafion on members of various
groups as weU as on Euro Americans within
the context of a diverse and stratified society.
Journal of Social Work Education, Vol. 48, Ne. 1 (Winter 2012).
32012, Ceuncll en Sedal Werk Edueatlen, Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.5175/JSWE.2011.201000007 1 5 9
1 6 0 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION
The course prepares students to engage in con-
versafions that examine tradifional behaviors
and atfitudes. Tradifional contexts, evolving
nofions, and dynamics are addressed in the
process of becoming a social worker prepared
to embrace mulfiple cultural groups. The
process involves self-assessment, exposure to
various perspecfives, and opportunifies to
reflect on and discuss these in an acfive leam-
ing environment.
Critically analyzing routinely accepted
paradigms helps students reevaluate power
structures (Darüel, 2008) and their personal
views of them. The dialectic includes ac-
knowledging and exploring survival and
defensive behaviors. The course incorporates
the history of oppre ...
Sense of community
This document summarizes previous research on the concept of sense of community. It begins by reviewing six studies that explored elements like neighboring, length of residency, home ownership, and satisfaction in relation to sense of community. It then critiques the limitations of these studies, such as a lack of a unified theoretical framework. The document proposes a new definition of sense of community consisting of four elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. It discusses each element in more detail and how they contribute to developing a sense of community.
1 CommunicationThe feelings, associations, connotations, and .docx
1: Communication
“The feelings, associations, connotations, and nuances of language both influence and are influenced by the culture” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2008, p. 227). Cultural differences exist in how people communicate with each other. You may be familiar with lexicons (what people call themselves and others), pragmatics (how language is used and understood), verbal and non-verbal communication styles; encoding; and decoding. Understanding how cultures communicate is important to effectively communicate within a multicultural environment. For example, imagine if you moved to a state or territory of the Middle East. You knew the language, but you were not aware of the cultural influence on nonverbal behaviors, such as hand gestures and interpersonal space. Would you be able to fit in?
For this Discussion, review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider cross-cultural communication.
With these thoughts in mind:
------- a brief explanation of the influence of culture on communication. Then explain two ways misunderstandings might occur among cultures with different communication styles. Finally, propose two solutions to enhance cross-cultural communication. Provide specific examples and justify your responses with references to the Learning Resources and current literature.
Reference:
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2008). Culture and psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Return to top
2: Interpersonal Relations
Consider your present working environment or your most recent workplace. Would you consider it a multicultural environment, and if so, were you able to work effectively with your coworkers? In a multicultural environment, one must learn to work in a group whose members are from both collectivistic and individualistic cultures. The meaning and value placed on conformity and cooperation differs between these cultures, which impact how individuals respond to situations and function within a group setting. In addition, differences may exist in the number and type of groups preferred by an individual.
For this Discussion, review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the group dynamics in individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
With these thoughts in mind:
------- a brief description of a problem-solving group situation. Then, explain how group dynamics might differ between an individualistic culture and a collectivistic culture. Include in your description how conformity, cooperation, or group relationships might manifest themselves in different cultures. Justify your response with the Learning Resources and current literature.
References
· Article: Briley, D. A., Morris, M. W., & Simonson, I. (2005). Cultural chameleons: Biculturals, conformity motives, and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(4), 351–362.
Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Academic Search Complete database.
· Article: Cinnirella, M., & Green, B. (2007). Does ‘cyber-conformity’ vary cross-culturally? Exploring the ef ...
Final Defense Presentation 2/12/2014
The document summarizes research on changes in Americans' core discussion networks between 1985 and 2004. It finds that social networks became smaller over this period based on a comparison of large, nationally representative surveys from both years. Specifically, it notes that the average network size decreased by about one person, from 2.94 people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. Additionally, the number of people reporting having no one to discuss important matters with nearly tripled. While both family and non-family ties decreased, the greater decline in non-family relationships led to networks centered more around spouses and parents than community and voluntary groups. Educational diversity of ties also decreased while racial diversity increased, reflecting broader demographic trends.
Acculturation
This document discusses the concept of acculturation, which refers to how individuals adapt when interacting with cultures different than their own. It defines acculturation as culture change that occurs through contact between two populations. Factors like language usage, social relationships, and religious beliefs can be used to assess levels of acculturation. John Berry's model of acculturation identifies four acculturation strategies individuals may use: integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation. The document also discusses acculturative stress that can occur during cultural adaptation and implications for psychological assessment and treatment when working with clients from different cultures.
Social Cohesion Radar
This document defines social cohesion and outlines the dimensions used to measure it. Social cohesion refers to the quality of interactions among community members and is comprised of nine dimensions: 1) social networks, 2) trust, 3) acceptance of diversity, 4) identification, 5) trust in institutions, 6) perception of fairness, 7) solidarity, 8) respect for social rules, and 9) participation. These dimensions fall under three core aspects of social cohesion - social relationships, connectedness, and focus on the common good. The study aims to empirically measure social cohesion across countries and time periods using these nine dimensions.
From artificially intelligent systems towards real thinking tools and human s...
In an increasingly software and data-intensive human world, the objective of human-scale computing is to improve filtering, collaboration, thinking, and learning:
1. between humans,
2. between humans and software systems,
3. and between software systems.
This objective is another way of stating the goal of developing a 'language and interaction style' that is better than any formal or informal language reliant on linear syntax.
Culture communication context and power.sec 1
This chapter discusses key concepts in intercultural communication including culture, communication, context, and power. Culture can be defined in multiple ways but includes learned patterns of group perceptions and behaviors. Communication is a process through which reality is constructed. Context refers to the physical and social settings influencing communication. Cultural values shape communication and conflict behaviors. Power also influences communication in subtle ways through dimensions like age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Last week...To examine memory and learning processesTo revie.docx
This document contains notes from a student on their research process for an assignment analyzing how cultural values and social class influence pro-environmental consumption. The notes include summaries of several journal articles on the topic, identification of potential themes to explore, and questions to consider regarding the influence of cultural values and social class on consumer attitudes and behaviors.
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docx
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docx
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
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An att glob_persp_04_11_29
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1. Perspective consciousness - The awareness that one's own view of the world is shaped by influences and is not universally shared. Others have profoundly different views.
2. "State of the planet" awareness - Awareness of prevailing world conditions, trends, developments regarding issues like population, resources, technology, conflicts.
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Impact of the narrative formats on the behavior improvement in relation to th...
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Track 16. Doctoral Consortium
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This study is an empirical test of Anderson's (2006) theory of "imagined communities" among the BRICS nations and the U.S. Using data collected through the fifth wave of the World Values Survey from Brazil, China, India, India, South Africa, and US, the study confirmed the argument of Anderson who believes that mass media have been the major channel for citizens of nation-states to construct their national identities. Religion’s impacts on the constriction of national identity, national proudness, and global identity is complex. Interestingly, the data revealed that national identity does not lessen global identity, which is positively associated with the postmaterialist value that is prevalent among the younger generations.PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an approach to enquiry which has been used since the 1940s. It involves researchers and participants working together to understand a problematic situation and change it for the better. There are many definitions of the approach, which share some common elements. PAR focuses on social change that promotes democracy and challenges inequality; is context-specific, often targeted on the needs of a particular group; is an iterative cycle of research, action and reflection; and often seeks to ‘liberate’ participants to have a greater awareness of their situation in order to take action. PAR uses a range of different methods, both qualitative and quantitative.
Ic2s2 Tutorial on Modeling Human Values via Social Media Data
Understanding human values with an empirical approach, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, allows us to better model behaviours, actions, and attitudes towards social phenomena. It is invaluable in the design of, for instance, effective health interventions - such as encouraging vaccination- or even appropriate communication campaigns for policy making - such as sensibilization towards pro-environmental attitudes. This is important since public debate on human values often focuses on perceived threats to different values while rarely understanding or articulating how values are inferred from people’s behaviors and judgements. In this tutorial, we give an overview of how the basic human and moral values are interpreted according to the psychological literature, as a combination of individual, societal, and cultural forces. We discuss the latest research in assessing these through both traditional methods, as well as through quantitative methods applied to digital data. In the first part, we provide an overview of traditional survey methods, and discuss their applicability to the new forms of discourse, the validity of recruitment using the Internet and new opportunities this medium holds. In the second part, we consider several case studies of applying computational methods to large amounts of social media data for understanding values associated with specific domains, including politics, health, charitable giving, and privacy, and discuss how social media can capture the behavioral differences in large populations of different values. Here, we introduce methodologies for large scale data analysis including topic discovery, topic refinement, grounded theory labeling, network science, and regression modeling. We conclude with the discussion of ethical use of such modeling, including data and model bias, informed consent, intervention design, and the use of persuasive technology.
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2.docx
This document provides an annotated bibliography on cultural diversity and biases. It summarizes 10 sources, including journal articles, books, and reviews that discuss topics like ethnic-racial socialization among immigrant families, biases in social data, cultural humility in teaching psychology, the effect of culture on mood disorders, exploring cultural biases in archives, counseling culturally diverse clients, culture and psychotherapy, and collaborative care models from a global perspective. The sources are used to highlight the importance of understanding cultural differences and addressing biases and disparities between cultures.
Linking Social Change and Developmental ChangeShifting Path.docx
Linking Social Change and Developmental Change:
Shifting Pathways of Human Development
Patricia M. Greenfield
University of California, Los Angeles
P. M. Greenfield’s new theory of social change and human development aims to show how changing
sociodemographic ecologies alter cultural values and learning environments and thereby shift
developmental pathways. Worldwide sociodemographic trends include movement from rural resi-
dence, informal education at home, subsistence economy, and low-technology environments to
urban residence, formal schooling, commerce, and high-technology environments. The former
ecology is summarized by the German term Gemeinschaft (“community”) and the latter by the
German term Gesellschaft (“society”; Tönnies, 1887/1957). A review of empirical research dem-
onstrates that, through adaptive processes, movement of any ecological variable in a Gesellschaft
direction shifts cultural values in an individualistic direction and developmental pathways toward
more independent social behavior and more abstract cognition—to give a few examples of the
myriad behaviors that respond to these sociodemographic changes. In contrast, the (much less
frequent) movement of any ecological variable in a Gemeinschaft direction is predicted to move
cultural values and developmental pathways in the opposite direction. In conclusion, sociocultural
environments are not static either in the developed or the developing world and therefore must be
treated dynamically in developmental research.
Keywords: social change, culture, cognitive development, social development, learning
The goal in this article is to develop a theory that links social
change with developmental change. It therefore deals simulta-
neously with two scales of development: change within a lifetime
and change across succeeding generations. In the field of devel-
opmental psychology, one normally thinks of developmental tra-
jectories as a constant across historical time. Indeed, a theoretical
problem is that theory and research in cultural psychology, includ-
ing cultural developmental psychology, assume that cultures are
static rather than dynamic. This article, in contrast, presents a
theory that, paradoxically, sees change in developmental trajec-
tories as the constant. A major goal of the theory of social
change and human development is to explain how, as sociode-
mographic conditions change, cultural values and developmen-
tal patterns are transformed across generations. Because socio-
demographic conditions are changing throughout the world—in
the direction of greater urbanization, higher levels of formal
schooling, increasing commercialization, and ever higher levels
of technology—the influence of social change on developmen-
tal patterns is an important domain in which theory is needed to
guide empirical research and to understand children and youths
in the United States and around the world.
A major strength of the theory of social change and human
development is.
TEACHING NOTESELF-ASSESSMENT AND DIALOGUE AS TOOLSFOR APPR.docx
TEACHING NOTE
SELF-ASSESSMENT AND DIALOGUE AS TOOLS
FOR APPRECIATING DIVERSITY
Gwenelle S. O'Neai
West Chester University
As social work educators continue to examine methods and techrüques to pro-
vide meaningful knowledge about racism and discriminafion, the role of self-
assessment and dialogue should also be explored. This teaching note presents a
tool for students and educators to use in considering Uterature discriminafion
and increasing awareness of mulficultural resources. This tool and the related
acfivifies may be used for orientafion or modified and combined with the vari-
ety of mixed media used to engage students in acfive learning.
THE ROLE OF SOCIALIZATION in e s t a b l i s h i n g
mindsets or world views is an estabUshed per-
specfive among sociologists, social workers,
and other helping professionals. Educafional
socializafion has typicaUy favored middle-
class Euro Ainerican students and neglected
the importance of ethnic minority or working-
class student backgrounds (Stanton-Salazar,
1997). It seems relevant that engagement
around diversity content should begin with
the evaluafion of one's own socializafion or
connection to multicultural examples and
concepts. Services to individuals, famdies,
groups, organizafions, and communifies need
to come from an understanding of the
demeaning reaUfies and often unjust circum-
stances that many people have faced or are
facing. This teaching note presents the de-
scripfion of an exercise that has been used
over the past 10 years to orient students to
their verbal acknowledgement of the appreci-
afion of diversity and their actual parficipa-
tion in gaining understanding of the mulfiple
cultural backgrounds of people in our com-
munifies. Related acfivities are also described.
Diaiogue, Self-Assessment,
and the Learning Process
The human-behavior-in-the-social-environ-
ment course The Dialecfic of Oppression and
Liberafion examines the impact of oppression
and discriminafion on members of various
groups as weU as on Euro Americans within
the context of a diverse and stratified society.
Journal of Social Work Education, Vol. 48, Ne. 1 (Winter 2012).
32012, Ceuncll en Sedal Werk Edueatlen, Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.5175/JSWE.2011.201000007 1 5 9
1 6 0 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION
The course prepares students to engage in con-
versafions that examine tradifional behaviors
and atfitudes. Tradifional contexts, evolving
nofions, and dynamics are addressed in the
process of becoming a social worker prepared
to embrace mulfiple cultural groups. The
process involves self-assessment, exposure to
various perspecfives, and opportunifies to
reflect on and discuss these in an acfive leam-
ing environment.
Critically analyzing routinely accepted
paradigms helps students reevaluate power
structures (Darüel, 2008) and their personal
views of them. The dialectic includes ac-
knowledging and exploring survival and
defensive behaviors. The course incorporates
the history of oppre ...
Sense of community
This document summarizes previous research on the concept of sense of community. It begins by reviewing six studies that explored elements like neighboring, length of residency, home ownership, and satisfaction in relation to sense of community. It then critiques the limitations of these studies, such as a lack of a unified theoretical framework. The document proposes a new definition of sense of community consisting of four elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. It discusses each element in more detail and how they contribute to developing a sense of community.
1 CommunicationThe feelings, associations, connotations, and .docx
1: Communication
“The feelings, associations, connotations, and nuances of language both influence and are influenced by the culture” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2008, p. 227). Cultural differences exist in how people communicate with each other. You may be familiar with lexicons (what people call themselves and others), pragmatics (how language is used and understood), verbal and non-verbal communication styles; encoding; and decoding. Understanding how cultures communicate is important to effectively communicate within a multicultural environment. For example, imagine if you moved to a state or territory of the Middle East. You knew the language, but you were not aware of the cultural influence on nonverbal behaviors, such as hand gestures and interpersonal space. Would you be able to fit in?
For this Discussion, review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider cross-cultural communication.
With these thoughts in mind:
------- a brief explanation of the influence of culture on communication. Then explain two ways misunderstandings might occur among cultures with different communication styles. Finally, propose two solutions to enhance cross-cultural communication. Provide specific examples and justify your responses with references to the Learning Resources and current literature.
Reference:
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2008). Culture and psychology (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
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2: Interpersonal Relations
Consider your present working environment or your most recent workplace. Would you consider it a multicultural environment, and if so, were you able to work effectively with your coworkers? In a multicultural environment, one must learn to work in a group whose members are from both collectivistic and individualistic cultures. The meaning and value placed on conformity and cooperation differs between these cultures, which impact how individuals respond to situations and function within a group setting. In addition, differences may exist in the number and type of groups preferred by an individual.
For this Discussion, review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the group dynamics in individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
With these thoughts in mind:
------- a brief description of a problem-solving group situation. Then, explain how group dynamics might differ between an individualistic culture and a collectivistic culture. Include in your description how conformity, cooperation, or group relationships might manifest themselves in different cultures. Justify your response with the Learning Resources and current literature.
References
· Article: Briley, D. A., Morris, M. W., & Simonson, I. (2005). Cultural chameleons: Biculturals, conformity motives, and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(4), 351–362.
Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Academic Search Complete database.
· Article: Cinnirella, M., & Green, B. (2007). Does ‘cyber-conformity’ vary cross-culturally? Exploring the ef ...
Final Defense Presentation 2/12/2014
The document summarizes research on changes in Americans' core discussion networks between 1985 and 2004. It finds that social networks became smaller over this period based on a comparison of large, nationally representative surveys from both years. Specifically, it notes that the average network size decreased by about one person, from 2.94 people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. Additionally, the number of people reporting having no one to discuss important matters with nearly tripled. While both family and non-family ties decreased, the greater decline in non-family relationships led to networks centered more around spouses and parents than community and voluntary groups. Educational diversity of ties also decreased while racial diversity increased, reflecting broader demographic trends.
Acculturation
This document discusses the concept of acculturation, which refers to how individuals adapt when interacting with cultures different than their own. It defines acculturation as culture change that occurs through contact between two populations. Factors like language usage, social relationships, and religious beliefs can be used to assess levels of acculturation. John Berry's model of acculturation identifies four acculturation strategies individuals may use: integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation. The document also discusses acculturative stress that can occur during cultural adaptation and implications for psychological assessment and treatment when working with clients from different cultures.
Social Cohesion Radar
This document defines social cohesion and outlines the dimensions used to measure it. Social cohesion refers to the quality of interactions among community members and is comprised of nine dimensions: 1) social networks, 2) trust, 3) acceptance of diversity, 4) identification, 5) trust in institutions, 6) perception of fairness, 7) solidarity, 8) respect for social rules, and 9) participation. These dimensions fall under three core aspects of social cohesion - social relationships, connectedness, and focus on the common good. The study aims to empirically measure social cohesion across countries and time periods using these nine dimensions.
From artificially intelligent systems towards real thinking tools and human s...
In an increasingly software and data-intensive human world, the objective of human-scale computing is to improve filtering, collaboration, thinking, and learning:
1. between humans,
2. between humans and software systems,
3. and between software systems.
This objective is another way of stating the goal of developing a 'language and interaction style' that is better than any formal or informal language reliant on linear syntax.
Culture communication context and power.sec 1
This chapter discusses key concepts in intercultural communication including culture, communication, context, and power. Culture can be defined in multiple ways but includes learned patterns of group perceptions and behaviors. Communication is a process through which reality is constructed. Context refers to the physical and social settings influencing communication. Cultural values shape communication and conflict behaviors. Power also influences communication in subtle ways through dimensions like age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
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¿Cómo impacta la novela a la historia de Puerto Rico?
Yeralis M. Rivera Arguinzoni
B00569846
Dra. Vilma Pizarro
Historia de Puerto rico
Universidad Interamericana Recinto de Barranquitas
Comienzos de la novela en Puerto Rico
La literatura en Puerto Rico comienza a finales del siglo XIX.
Movimiento del romanticismo( Europa: Alemania, Inglaterra y España)
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“La Peregrinación de Bayoán”(1863) = Escrita por Eugenio María de Hostos, primera novela escrita por un puertorriqueño pero es escrita en España. Esta es la mas aceptada como la primera novela puertorriqueña. Su tema principal era la lucha por la identidad del puertorriqueño. Ideas políticas y sociales de Hostos luego del grito de Lares y el grito de Yara(Cuba), fueron expresadas en esta novela.
Otros escritores importantes de la época
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2 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health are factors affecting peoples’ health, functioning and well-being, such as environmental conditions, social, and economic variables. Socioeconomic environmental factors contributing to infectious disease occurrence include crowding, unsanitary, unavailability of uncontaminated foods and water. These conditions provide an environment required for continuous chain of infection; the process required for transmission of disease. There are 6 components in the chain, or a cycle, of infection: organisms, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and a suspectable host (Green, 2018). To stop spreading of a communicable disease, the process has to interrupted or the chain of infection has to be broken at any point. Nurses, working in communities can decrease of the infectious diseases spreading. Promoting vaccination to lowering susceptible hosts number; and educating on sign and symptoms for early self-isolation to protect one’s family members from getting sick, breaking the transmission link. Educating on thorough hand hygiene and reducing face touching may protect one from getting sick eliminate portal of entry link. Proper respiratory hygiene, such as using disposable tissues and covering the mouth when sneezing, may stop the transmission on the stage of the pathogen leaving the reservoir via portal of exit (CDC.gov).
Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, have grown in endemic and epidemic proportions, are developing from a combination of determinants including environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors, additionally to genetic disposition (Green, 2018). Lack of knowledge and motivation, unavailability of healthcare services and financial resources contribute to developing of such diseases.q
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2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docx
2 peer responses due in 4 hours
MALEETA'S POST:
World War II film
Saving Private Ryan (1998), directed by one of my favorites,
Steven Spielberg, is what I the topic my topic of week five’s discussion. This film is like no other World War II film that I have seen because of the realistic combat. I found myself getting overwhelmed, covering my eyes, and getting sick to my stomach from time to time through the movie. From the very beginning of the film on Omaha Beach, the D-Day landing scene gave me a glimpse of how the stress of combat experience could have felt.
Movie-watchers do not think about how the color scheme plays a significant part and sets different tones. The muddy browns, dark greens, and greys are the predominant colors throughout the movie. This movie does not have many vibrant, happy colors, and for a good reason. For instance, in
Saving Private Ryan
, the Normandy landing scene opens slowly to a beach. The setting is solemn, and the continuous color scheme of bland greys is an excellent cinematography piece. I felt like it made the red blood colors and the explosion colors stand out even more. Also, almost every shot was dreary and had vintage-like colors that gave the feeling of war and hopelessness. There was a part in this scene when the soldiers were near water that contrasted the typically dreary colors with a calming blue hue. The change of color gave me some hope that it may be safer under the surface, and then those hopes were instantly shattered when shots were fired, and red clouds pierced through the calming blue colors punishing me for even thinking there was any hope approaching the soldiers. This is an excellent mise-en-scene because it represented my change of emotions.
Another color paly example is in the scene where “Duty” is talking and joking as the crew marches toward their mission. Throughout this scene, the conversation is more cheerful, but the lighting and colors of grey and green continue to give a gloomy narrative, so my mood does not change much.
Saving Private Ryan has the same dull, dreary colors and low-key lighting, which looks dark and intensifies the shadows as the other War films in Week Five’s content. The desaturation of color is often used in war films.
Saving Private Ryan’s narrative, editing, camera movement, and color scheme throughout the movie jumped out of the screen and attacked me as a viewer. Every part of its cinematography placed the watcher in the combat experience, and I loved it in a good but bad way.
COLIN'S POST:
The war film I watched for this week was
1917 (2019)
directed by Sam Mendes. This film takes place during World War I and follows two British soldiers throughout most of the movie. This film is unique because it is shot as a "one shot film" where the director uses lighting and different angles with very few cuts to give a continuous feeling throughout the entire film. It gives audiences a more connected feeling as it seems like the scenes never end.
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2 Pages for 4 questions below
1) Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and other say they do not. Discuss arguments for both point of view.
2) What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3) Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4) Search the internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and team work.
Reflection paper 3 Pages
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
Please refer to at least
2 items
in the course content that really stood out to either positive or negative.
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2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docx
2 Ethics Session 1.pptx
Ethics in Engineering Practice
MET 2711
1
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
What is Engineering?
Engineers concern themselves with:
“the art of the practical application of scientific and empirical knowledge to the design and production or accomplishment of various sorts of constructive projects, machines and materials of use or value to man.”
“Value is not necessarily measured by an economic yardstick; the ancient pyramids and not a few structures since are of slight economic worth, while their value in terms of faith and beauty has often been considerable.”
2
Socrates on Ethics
Ethics are the norms by which acceptable and unacceptable behavior are measured.
According to Socrates, one develops ethics through maturity, wisdom and love.
Introduced the concept of teaching ethics and acceptable standards of conduct in 400 B.C.
Believed virtue was found primarily in human relationships, love and friendship, not through material gains.
3
https://classroom.synonym.com/what-were-socrates-beliefs-on-ethics-12084753.html
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
A Brief Look at Engineering Projects Through the Ages
4
Roman Aquaducts
Contributed to the health and welfare of the society
Provided 200 million gallons of clean running water and plumbing to individual structures daily (200 gallons per person)
Supported economic activity
Allowed city of Rome to grow to approximately 1 million people
312 BCE to 500 AD
5
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Earliest and largest free-standing dome
Built as Europe recovered from the Black Plague, which killed approximately 1/3 of the population
An example of a project that reflected optimism for the future (faith and beauty)
Design competition in 1423
Brunelleschi proposes unique design, but contract requires him to share project responsibilities with Ghiberti
Brunelleschi had lost prior design competition to Ghiberti
6
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Designs unique dome requiring no scaffolding. Uses brick in herringbone pattern to distribute weight out and down.
Includes a series of horizontal chains to keep structure from expanding outward
When time to install chains, Brunelleschi claims to be ill, so Ghiberti starts chain installation (without full details from Brunelleschi)
Brunelleschi “recovers” and criticizes the work, saying it will all have to be re-done
Setting up his fellow architect to fail (dishonorable conduct)
7
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-ar.
2 1 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docx
2 1 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 8
H U M A N R E S O U R C E S
M A N A G E M E N T
They’re not employees, they’re people.
—Peter Drucker
➤ Describe the range of human resource functions in the medical practice.
➤ Appreciate the range of professionals that are found in medical practices.
➤ Articulate the steps in the hiring function.
➤ Understand regulations that are specific to the employment process.
➤ Illustrate the steps in managing change.
➤ Describe why leading change is important to medical practice management.
In t r o d u c t I o n
Healthcare employment constitutes about 9 percent of the American workforce, with about
3 percent being professionals (KFF 2016). Hiring and sustaining a high-caliber staff are
two of the most important functions of managing a physician practice. Without a prop-
erly trained and motivated staff, providing high-quality services to the practice’s patients
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/7/2020 7:56 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.eds
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 1 6
is difficult. An old saying in human resources management, “Hire for attitude, and train
for skill,” is particularly applicable today, when in the highly competitive medical practice
environment, patients have increasingly high expectations of their providers. Simply having
technical skills is not adequate to build and maintain a successful practice. Staff must be
able to engage patients in a positive and constructive way to earn their trust and satisfac-
tion. Although data seem to conflict on this point, many researchers believe engaged and
satisfied patients are more likely to comply with the instructions of their providers than are
disengaged, unsatisfied patients, leading to better outcomes (e.g., Kane, Maciejewski, and
Finch 1997). More recently, a study by Fenton, Jerant, and Bertaski (2012) found little
connection between satisfaction and clinical outcome; in fact, the researchers found that
mortality was higher, as were expenditures and utilization, among more satisfied groups.
Other authors have observed this tenuous connection as well (Kennedy, Tevis, and Kent
2014). The controversy has intensified as more physician payment is tied to patient satis-
faction. Some issues that complicate this concept are the lack of common definitions and
measures of satisfaction and the complexity inherent in defining.
2 Requirements Elicitation A Survey of Techniques, Ap.docx
2 Requirements Elicitation: A Survey of Techniques,
Approaches, and Tools
Didar Zowghi and Chad Coulin
Abstract: Requirements elicitation is the process of seeking, uncovering, acquir-
ing, and elaborating requirements for computer based systems. It is generally un-
derstood that requirements are elicited rather than just captured or collected. This
implies there are discovery, emergence, and development elements to the elicita-
tion process. Requirements elicitation is a complex process involving many ac-
tivities with a variety of available techniques, approaches, and tools for perform-
ing them. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these determine when each is
appropriate depending on the context and situation. The objectives of this chapter
are to present a comprehensive survey of important aspects of the techniques, ap-
proaches, and tools for requirements elicitation, and examine the current issues,
trends, and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in this field.
Keywords: requirements, elicitation, techniques, approaches, tools, issues, chal-
lenges, trends, survey.
2.1 Introduction
The importance of requirements engineering (RE) within software systems deve l-
opment has long been established and recognized by researchers and practitioners
alike (Chapter 1). The elicitation of requirements represents an early but continu-
ous and critical stage in the development of software systems. The requirements
for a software system may be spread across many sources. These include the prob-
lem owners, the stakeholders, documentation, and other existing systems. Because
of the communication rich nature of requirements elicitation activities, many of
the effective techniques do not originate from the traditional areas of software en-
gineering or computer science research. Techniques for requirements elicitation
are derived mostly from the social sciences, organizational theory, group dynam-
ics, knowledge engineering, and very often from practical experience.
The process of requirements elicitation is generally accepted as one of the criti-
cal activities in the RE process. Getting the right requirements is considered as a
vital but difficult part of software development projects [36]. A recent field study
of fifteen RE teams carried out by Hofmann and Lehner [31] identified key RE
practices that should lead to project success. Effective elicitation of requirements
was arguably among the most important of the resulting recommended good RE
practices.
Requirements elicitation itself is a very complex process involving many activi-
ties, with multiple techniques available to perform these activities. The multi-
disciplinary nature of requirements elicitation only adds to this complexity. Elici-
tation is subject to a large degree of error, influenced by key factors ingrained in
communication problems. Despite the importance of requirements elicitation
within software development, insufficient.
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1Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications.docx
- 1. 1 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence FLAN 3440 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- ND Acculturation The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other 2 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in
- 2. Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 3 Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
- 3. 4 Acculturative Stress The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context. People face changes in Diet Climate Housing Communication Role prescriptions Media consumption Norms Values Isolation Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 5 Model of Acculturation The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture Young Kim’s model maintains that acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture the role of communication, the role of the host environment,
- 4. and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process 6 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 7 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 8 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. 9 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.),
- 5. Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Modes of Acculturation Assimilation Integration Separation Marginalization Cultural transmutation 10 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Modes of Acculturation Levels of acculturation depend on: the degree to which the person approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture (outgroup contact and relations) the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes (ingroup identity and maintenance) 11 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 12 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
- 6. SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201– 234. 12 Acculturation in the United States The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation 13 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Acculturation in the United States The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation 14 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Culture Shock The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion,
- 7. and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals. 15 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Culture Shock Culture shock appears to be a psychological and social process that progresses in stages, usually lasting as long as a year Associated with: Sensations of loss Confusion Powerlessness from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals 16 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 17 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Stages of Culture Shock 18 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
- 8. Stages of Culture Shock 19 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Stages of Culture Shock 20 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Stages of Culture Shock 21 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 22
- 9. SOURCE: Adapted from Churchman, A., & Mitrani, M. (1997). The Role of the Physical Environment in Culture Shock. Environment and Behavior, 29, 64–87; Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Furnham & S. Bochner (Eds.), Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments (pp. xv– xx). London: Methuen. “W” Curve of Culture Shock Contains two of the U curves of the culture shock model Entry to new culture Re-entry shock Makes communication of cross-cultural experiences difficult to share 23 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- ND “W” Curve of Culture Shock 24 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Strategies for Managing Culture Shock Be prepared Be aware of symptoms Everyone experiences culture shock Be aware of danger signs
- 10. 25 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC- ND Success in the Intercultural Context Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long- term intercultural encounters Empathy open-mindedness social initiative emotional stability flexibility 26 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Success in the Intercultural Context Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long- term intercultural encounters Empathy open-mindedness social initiative emotional stability flexibility 27 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
- 11. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Intercultural Communication Competence Ability to adapt verbal and nonverbal messages to the appropriate cultural context Competence as perceived vs. possessed Effective behaviors are those that successfully accomplish communicative goals 28 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Model of Intercultural Competence Three necessary and interdependent ingredients of communication competence Knowledge component Motivation (affective) component Behavior (psychomotor) component Situational features 29 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 29 Model of Intercultural Competence Knowledge component—at minimum, a comprehension of
- 12. values and beliefs. Influenced by: Cognitive simplicity and rigidity Ethnocentrism 30 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Model of Intercultural Competence Affective component—motivation to interact with those from other cultures. Influenced by: Intercultural communication apprehension Intercultural willingness to communicate Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 31 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Model of Intercultural Communication Competence Psychomotor component—enactment (skill) of the knowledge and affective components. Elements: Verbal and nonverbal performance Role enactment
- 13. 32 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Model of Intercultural Communication Competence Situational Features—competence varies in situations and contexts. This is dependent upon: Environment Previous contact Status differential Third-party interventions 33 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Integrated Model of Intercultural Competence Empathy Intercultural experience/training Approach tendencies Global attitude Listening skills 34 Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. Virtual Visiting Speaker
- 14. Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 35 Reflections Instructions The reflections are personal application of the material discussed in class to your personal life or that that you have seen or witnessed. It is NOT A SUMMARY of the chapter. You may choose any chapter to reflect on however reflections are due within a week from the day we finish discussing the chapter in class. Because of the online change below are the deadlines to for reflections on the remaining chapters. Reflections on chapter 1-6 are not accepted anymore. Length: Your reflection should be 2-page in length double spaced 12 point font. Structure: Your reflection should have a title. It should introduce and briefly explain one or two concepts from the chapter (e.g. ethnocentrism; high context; cultural shock…) not more than half of a page. After you introduce the concept, you analyze if it looking into how you may have seen it in your life and how providing concrete examples from your life or that of other people you know (e.g. gender roles, as I was growing up I was taught that…). If you disagree with the concept (e.g. the chapter says that Greek culture is high context in general and you disagree) you may provide arguments why you disagree. Again, if you felt that you need to discuss more than one concept, you may discuss two but not more than two. Please note that the sample reflection on blackboard is there as a sample for content and not length. There is no need to conclude your reflection with a summary of what you stated.