2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docx
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2 posts Re: Topic 2 DQ 1 Social determinants of health are factors affecting peoples’ health, functioning and well-being, such as environmental conditions, social, and economic variables. Socioeconomic environmental factors contributing to infectious disease occurrence include crowding, unsanitary, unavailability of uncontaminated foods and water. These conditions provide an environment required for continuous chain of infection; the process required for transmission of disease. There are 6 components in the chain, or a cycle, of infection: organisms, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and a suspectable host (Green, 2018). To stop spreading of a communicable disease, the process has to interrupted or the chain of infection has to be broken at any point. Nurses, working in communities can decrease of the infectious diseases spreading. Promoting vaccination to lowering susceptible hosts number; and educating on sign and symptoms for early self-isolation to protect one’s family members from getting sick, breaking the transmission link. Educating on thorough hand hygiene and reducing face touching may protect one from getting sick eliminate portal of entry link. Proper respiratory hygiene, such as using disposable tissues and covering the mouth when sneezing, may stop the transmission on the stage of the pathogen leaving the reservoir via portal of exit (CDC.gov). Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, have grown in endemic and epidemic proportions, are developing from a combination of determinants including environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors, additionally to genetic disposition (Green, 2018). Lack of knowledge and motivation, unavailability of healthcare services and financial resources contribute to developing of such diseases.q .
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2 DQ 1Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the condition.docx
2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions of the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that can contribute or hinder a person’s well-being and health. SDOH have a direct impact on health disparities, which are the impairments specifically related to social, economic, and environmental disadvantages. Conditions such as poverty, poor housing, social exclusion, bad sanitation, contaminated water, inability to access healthy food sources, poor health care access, and inadequate health systems contribute to disease and risk of illness (Grand Canyon University, 2018).
The communicable disease chain model is used to describe how an infection spreads within a community. There are six links to this chain that include infectious agents, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Infectious agents are the bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can be spread and lead to disease. Reservoir is where the infectious agent lives and multiplies, to include people, animals, arthropods, plants, and soil. Portal of exit is the means by which a pathogen exits from a reservoir. From humans, the portal of exit can include blood, respiratory secretions, and anything leaving the GI and urinary tract. Mode of transmission is how the infectious agent can be passed which include direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Portal of entry is the way the agent enters a new host, which includes broken skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, catheters, and lines. A susceptible host is anyone who is already a carrier of the infection and those at risk (Help Break the Chain of Infection, 2021).
Nurses and other healthcare professionals can help ‘break the chain’ of communicable diseases by practicing proper hand hygiene, being up to date on vaccines, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when sick (Help Break the Chain of Infection, 2021). Other ways nurses can affect the spread of disease and infections is by practicing aseptic techniques and ensuring sterility during certain procedures. When observing others' actions that may contribute to the spread of disease, nurses can educate them. In the healthcare setting, amongst many things, can include proper handwashing and use of PPE.
Using 200-300 words APA format with references in supporting the discussion.
What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
.
2 DQ 1Social determinants of health include biological, envi.docx
2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health include biological, environmental, social, and economic factors that influence the access and maintenance of health (Green, 2018). For example, those living in low socioeconomic areas may not have the resources to obtain fresh food and will oftentimes rely on fast food chains. According to a study posted by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2004), low-income areas had 2.5 times more fast-food chains than those living in more affluent areas. As a result of this many minorities living in low-income areas have a great risk of obesity and comorbidities such as type II diabetes and hypertension. While the study done by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine was more than five years ago the results of their study continue to be prevalent as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) states children and adolescents are more likely to be obese than their higher-income counterparts. This is an example of how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. The child who has grown up with a poor diet is less likely to change their diet habits as adults resulting in fatal health conditions.
Social determinants also contribute to the spread of communicable diseases due to crowding, sanitization, uncontaminated water, and access to health care (Green,2018). The infectious disease process of communicable diseases is represented by the chain model also known as the chain of infection. The chain of infection begins with the infectious organism and describes how the organism reproduces and spreads through contact, droplets, or surfaces. As the nurse taking care of an individual with a communicable disease the simplest and most effective form of breaking the chain is by proper handwashing. The nurse can also contribute to the stop of the chain by wiping down surfaces with the proper cleaning agents, placing the appropriate PPE outside of the patient’s room, and clustering care to avoid excessive time inside of the patient’s room. All of these interventions contribute to the stop of the transmission phase of the chain model.
Using 200-300 words APA format with references to support the discussion.
What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
.
Social determinants of health refer to social and economic factors t.docx
Social determinants of health refer to social and economic factors that specific individuals have to deal with because of birth, status, gender, culture, race, income status, employment, physical surroundings and access to health services (Government of Canada – modified 2019).These determinants influence the behavioural and risk factors of individuals within specific geographical neighbourhoods.
Low income and culture are two of the many risk factors for diseases. Because of the lack of proper education, there is lack of knowledge that is essential to promote and prevent diseases and restore health. Culture plays a role because of traditions, customs and beliefs, the family may not think, act or feel the same way about their overall health.
The communicable disease chain model is a means of addressing the different transmissions that happens when the agent leaves it host (reservoir – human or animal or the environment such as mosquitos in stagnant water, poor air quality) through a portal exit and enters via transmission through a portal entry to infect a susceptible host. "Th emode of transmission is th emeans of the agent's travel from the portal of exit to the host" (Green, 2018). This sequence is usually referred to as a chain of infection. If there is a break in the chain of infection, then it is aborted. For a community that is already at risk because of social determinants of health it is important that diseases are addressed promptly to avoid the widespread infection. For example, in a nursing home where there are less workers and many patients, a staphylococcus bacterium, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be passed easily via a source to a susceptible host. In order to avoid this transmission, proper handwashing is necessary before and after patient care to abort or prevent this chain of infection.
References
.
200 words for each response.1) Social Determinants and Dis.docx
200 words for each response.
1)
Social Determinants and Disease Development
Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease. Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness. Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.
Chain of Infection
The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.
How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection
Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention. In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission. Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely. At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car. In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc. If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care. All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.
Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent. Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services. Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.
References
Clark, M. J. (2015).
Population and community health
nursing (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson
Chapter 3
Infection Prevention and You. Break the Chain of Infection. Retrieved from (professional.site.
apic.org)
Prevent.
comment 1Social determinants of health are factors that affect t.docx
comment 1
Social determinants of health are factors that affect the physical or social conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work and age. These factors effect health, function and quality of life outcomes. Social conditions could be concentrated poverty, availability of living wages and healthful foods, exposure to violence or presence of trash. Examples of physical factors could include schools, recreational settings, exposure to toxic substances, neighborhoods, and physical barriers (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2018). These examples are not inclusive but name a few of each. If an individual was at risk for diabetes and was affected by social determinants of concentrated poverty, poor access to healthful foods and recreation settings it will increase the risk of the person becoming diabetic. Each one of these examples escalate the disease process instead of decreasing the risk of diabetes.
The communicable disease chain or chain of infection describes how disease or infection are spread. An infectious agent leaves its host or reservoir through a portal of exit, moved through a mode of transmission and enters through a portal of entry into a susceptible host (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). Following proper PPE goes a long way in breaking the communicable disease chain. An infectious agent will find it more difficult to be spread if the means of transmission are blocked or the immune system of the susceptible host is not compromised. In the case of
Clostridium difficile or C.Diff,
it may be possible to prevent the infectious agent in the first place by taking antibiotics only when needed and avoiding taking multiple antibiotics at the same time. It is also possible to break the chain at mode of transmission by using the appropriate cleaning supplies on surfaces and only using correct hand washing procedures in rooms with C. Diff patients as well as gown and gloves and proper removal of linens.
Comment 2
A communicable disease chain is defined as the mechanism where an infective agent or pathogen is transmitted. The chain requires an infective agent, a source of infection, a mode of transmission and a host. There are many types of infective agents: bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoan, or helminth. There are many ways that infective agents can be transmitted: from person-to-person, person-to-animal, insects, or soil. The mode of transmission is how the agent is carried from host to host. It can be transmitted by air, ingestion, or physical contact. Transmission can be by air, ingestion or physical contact. For the agent to replicate it needs a host. Many social determinants put certain populations at risk. For example: poverty or location put certain populations at risk for transmission of diseases.
According to the CDC social determinants of health are economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities. These ...
4 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1There are many factors that influence.docx
4 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
There are many factors that influence the heath of an individual or the population. In a broad term one of this factor is termed Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). SDOH are the complex circumstances where people are born, live, grow, play learn, worship, work and age (heathy people. Gov, 2018a; World Health Organization, n.d.). In order words, these are broad range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors. The determinants are about individual place in society, this includes income level, educational level and type of employment. Over the years group of people have experienced racism, discrimination and historical events such as the black people. These experiences have detrimental effects on the health care needs of these group of people. SDOH is the main factor responsible for today’s major health problems in society including depression, hearth disease, diabetes and obesity (What are the Social Determinants of Health? 2018).
There are complex interactions between the SDOH. For example, low income will have direct impact on the individual or community accessibility to proper health care, lack of good food and thus increasing the burden on the individual or family. This burden is often translated into poor coping mechanism in the form of drug use and sometimes comfort eating of unhealthy food. Poor health can reduce the individual opportunities to have meaningful employment which in turn impact on the individual’s income. These factors interplay with each other and have a positive or negative effect on the overall health of the individual or population.
A communicable disease chain is the process by which pathogen of infectious agent is transmitted to another organism (Green, 2018). This model of communicable disease chain is presented by six links, infectious agent, susceptible host, reservoir, portal of entry, mode of transmission and portal of exist (Break the Chain of Infection, n.d.). All these elements most be presence for the spread of communicable disease in a population. To stop the spread of disease is by breaking the chain at any link.
Nurses are in better position in breaking the chain of infection because they are involved at all levels of prevention (Institute for Work and Health, 2015) The nurse can use preventive measures or health education that are aimed at breaking the chain and reducing the risks of infections in other people. These measures include adhering to proper hygiene measures (WHO, 2018). For example, in the case of contact precautions, nurses should always use the appropriate personal protective equipment disposed of immediately after attending the patient to protect the nurse and other patients from getting infection.
.
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION .docx
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 1
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 2
Outbreak Investigation
Introduction
Epidemiology deals with the study of the determinants and distribution of disability or disease in the population groups (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Epidemiology is one of the core areas in public health study and is essential for the evaluation of the efficacy of the new therapeutic and preventive modalities as well in the new organizational health care delivery patterns. I have for a long time developed a lot of interest in the area towards learning more on finding the causes of diseases and health outcomes in populations. Epidemiology views the individuals collectively, and the community is considered to be patient. The area of public health study is systematic, scientific, and data-driven in analyzing the pattern or frequency of the distributions and the risk factors or causes of specific diseases in the neighborhood, city, school, country, and global levels. Epidemiology handles various areas including environmental exposures, infectious diseases, injuries, non-infectious diseases, natural disasters and terrorism (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Specifically, this paper explores epidemiology in addressing infectious disease, food-borne illness in the community. Also, the paper examines outbreak investigations as an intervention towards addressing the foodborne illness in the society. Further, an evaluation of the intervention and the expected results are discussed to examine or analyze the contributions of the intervention.
Foodborne Illness
Foodborne illness is any illness that results from food spoilage of the contaminated food. Food can be contaminated by the pathogenic bacteria, contaminated food, parasites, or viruses, as well as natural or chemical toxins including several species of beans, and poisonous mushrooms. In the United States, food-borne illness is estimated to impact negatively over 76 million people annually (Jones, McMillian, Scallan et al., 2007). This is translated to 5,2000 deaths, and 325,000 hospitalizations. However, the true incidence of food-borne illness is unknown. The majority of food-borne illness and most of the deaths are linked to “unknown agents” following the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis a foodborne disease. An estimated $7 billion is lost regarding productivity and medical expenses and is attributed to the most prevalent but diagnosable foodborne illnesses. Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: Reference needed for this statement Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: References needed for these statements
The under diagnosis in foodborne illnesses is further contributed by the majority who has the symptoms and signs of the disease but totally fail to seek medical attention. This circumstance coupled with the global and national distribution of foo.
Recommended
2 DQ 1Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the condition.docx
2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions of the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that can contribute or hinder a person’s well-being and health. SDOH have a direct impact on health disparities, which are the impairments specifically related to social, economic, and environmental disadvantages. Conditions such as poverty, poor housing, social exclusion, bad sanitation, contaminated water, inability to access healthy food sources, poor health care access, and inadequate health systems contribute to disease and risk of illness (Grand Canyon University, 2018).
The communicable disease chain model is used to describe how an infection spreads within a community. There are six links to this chain that include infectious agents, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Infectious agents are the bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can be spread and lead to disease. Reservoir is where the infectious agent lives and multiplies, to include people, animals, arthropods, plants, and soil. Portal of exit is the means by which a pathogen exits from a reservoir. From humans, the portal of exit can include blood, respiratory secretions, and anything leaving the GI and urinary tract. Mode of transmission is how the infectious agent can be passed which include direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Portal of entry is the way the agent enters a new host, which includes broken skin, respiratory tract, mucous membranes, catheters, and lines. A susceptible host is anyone who is already a carrier of the infection and those at risk (Help Break the Chain of Infection, 2021).
Nurses and other healthcare professionals can help ‘break the chain’ of communicable diseases by practicing proper hand hygiene, being up to date on vaccines, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when sick (Help Break the Chain of Infection, 2021). Other ways nurses can affect the spread of disease and infections is by practicing aseptic techniques and ensuring sterility during certain procedures. When observing others' actions that may contribute to the spread of disease, nurses can educate them. In the healthcare setting, amongst many things, can include proper handwashing and use of PPE.
Using 200-300 words APA format with references in supporting the discussion.
What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
.
2 DQ 1Social determinants of health include biological, envi.docx
2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health include biological, environmental, social, and economic factors that influence the access and maintenance of health (Green, 2018). For example, those living in low socioeconomic areas may not have the resources to obtain fresh food and will oftentimes rely on fast food chains. According to a study posted by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine (2004), low-income areas had 2.5 times more fast-food chains than those living in more affluent areas. As a result of this many minorities living in low-income areas have a great risk of obesity and comorbidities such as type II diabetes and hypertension. While the study done by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine was more than five years ago the results of their study continue to be prevalent as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) states children and adolescents are more likely to be obese than their higher-income counterparts. This is an example of how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. The child who has grown up with a poor diet is less likely to change their diet habits as adults resulting in fatal health conditions.
Social determinants also contribute to the spread of communicable diseases due to crowding, sanitization, uncontaminated water, and access to health care (Green,2018). The infectious disease process of communicable diseases is represented by the chain model also known as the chain of infection. The chain of infection begins with the infectious organism and describes how the organism reproduces and spreads through contact, droplets, or surfaces. As the nurse taking care of an individual with a communicable disease the simplest and most effective form of breaking the chain is by proper handwashing. The nurse can also contribute to the stop of the chain by wiping down surfaces with the proper cleaning agents, placing the appropriate PPE outside of the patient’s room, and clustering care to avoid excessive time inside of the patient’s room. All of these interventions contribute to the stop of the transmission phase of the chain model.
Using 200-300 words APA format with references to support the discussion.
What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
.
Social determinants of health refer to social and economic factors t.docx
Social determinants of health refer to social and economic factors that specific individuals have to deal with because of birth, status, gender, culture, race, income status, employment, physical surroundings and access to health services (Government of Canada – modified 2019).These determinants influence the behavioural and risk factors of individuals within specific geographical neighbourhoods.
Low income and culture are two of the many risk factors for diseases. Because of the lack of proper education, there is lack of knowledge that is essential to promote and prevent diseases and restore health. Culture plays a role because of traditions, customs and beliefs, the family may not think, act or feel the same way about their overall health.
The communicable disease chain model is a means of addressing the different transmissions that happens when the agent leaves it host (reservoir – human or animal or the environment such as mosquitos in stagnant water, poor air quality) through a portal exit and enters via transmission through a portal entry to infect a susceptible host. "Th emode of transmission is th emeans of the agent's travel from the portal of exit to the host" (Green, 2018). This sequence is usually referred to as a chain of infection. If there is a break in the chain of infection, then it is aborted. For a community that is already at risk because of social determinants of health it is important that diseases are addressed promptly to avoid the widespread infection. For example, in a nursing home where there are less workers and many patients, a staphylococcus bacterium, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be passed easily via a source to a susceptible host. In order to avoid this transmission, proper handwashing is necessary before and after patient care to abort or prevent this chain of infection.
References
.
200 words for each response.1) Social Determinants and Dis.docx
200 words for each response.
1)
Social Determinants and Disease Development
Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease. Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness. Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.
Chain of Infection
The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.
How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection
Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention. In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission. Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely. At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car. In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc. If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care. All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.
Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent. Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services. Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.
References
Clark, M. J. (2015).
Population and community health
nursing (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson
Chapter 3
Infection Prevention and You. Break the Chain of Infection. Retrieved from (professional.site.
apic.org)
Prevent.
comment 1Social determinants of health are factors that affect t.docx
comment 1
Social determinants of health are factors that affect the physical or social conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work and age. These factors effect health, function and quality of life outcomes. Social conditions could be concentrated poverty, availability of living wages and healthful foods, exposure to violence or presence of trash. Examples of physical factors could include schools, recreational settings, exposure to toxic substances, neighborhoods, and physical barriers (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], 2018). These examples are not inclusive but name a few of each. If an individual was at risk for diabetes and was affected by social determinants of concentrated poverty, poor access to healthful foods and recreation settings it will increase the risk of the person becoming diabetic. Each one of these examples escalate the disease process instead of decreasing the risk of diabetes.
The communicable disease chain or chain of infection describes how disease or infection are spread. An infectious agent leaves its host or reservoir through a portal of exit, moved through a mode of transmission and enters through a portal of entry into a susceptible host (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). Following proper PPE goes a long way in breaking the communicable disease chain. An infectious agent will find it more difficult to be spread if the means of transmission are blocked or the immune system of the susceptible host is not compromised. In the case of
Clostridium difficile or C.Diff,
it may be possible to prevent the infectious agent in the first place by taking antibiotics only when needed and avoiding taking multiple antibiotics at the same time. It is also possible to break the chain at mode of transmission by using the appropriate cleaning supplies on surfaces and only using correct hand washing procedures in rooms with C. Diff patients as well as gown and gloves and proper removal of linens.
Comment 2
A communicable disease chain is defined as the mechanism where an infective agent or pathogen is transmitted. The chain requires an infective agent, a source of infection, a mode of transmission and a host. There are many types of infective agents: bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoan, or helminth. There are many ways that infective agents can be transmitted: from person-to-person, person-to-animal, insects, or soil. The mode of transmission is how the agent is carried from host to host. It can be transmitted by air, ingestion, or physical contact. Transmission can be by air, ingestion or physical contact. For the agent to replicate it needs a host. Many social determinants put certain populations at risk. For example: poverty or location put certain populations at risk for transmission of diseases.
According to the CDC social determinants of health are economic and social conditions that influence the health of people and communities. These ...
4 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1There are many factors that influence.docx
4 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
There are many factors that influence the heath of an individual or the population. In a broad term one of this factor is termed Social Determinants of Health (SDOH). SDOH are the complex circumstances where people are born, live, grow, play learn, worship, work and age (heathy people. Gov, 2018a; World Health Organization, n.d.). In order words, these are broad range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors. The determinants are about individual place in society, this includes income level, educational level and type of employment. Over the years group of people have experienced racism, discrimination and historical events such as the black people. These experiences have detrimental effects on the health care needs of these group of people. SDOH is the main factor responsible for today’s major health problems in society including depression, hearth disease, diabetes and obesity (What are the Social Determinants of Health? 2018).
There are complex interactions between the SDOH. For example, low income will have direct impact on the individual or community accessibility to proper health care, lack of good food and thus increasing the burden on the individual or family. This burden is often translated into poor coping mechanism in the form of drug use and sometimes comfort eating of unhealthy food. Poor health can reduce the individual opportunities to have meaningful employment which in turn impact on the individual’s income. These factors interplay with each other and have a positive or negative effect on the overall health of the individual or population.
A communicable disease chain is the process by which pathogen of infectious agent is transmitted to another organism (Green, 2018). This model of communicable disease chain is presented by six links, infectious agent, susceptible host, reservoir, portal of entry, mode of transmission and portal of exist (Break the Chain of Infection, n.d.). All these elements most be presence for the spread of communicable disease in a population. To stop the spread of disease is by breaking the chain at any link.
Nurses are in better position in breaking the chain of infection because they are involved at all levels of prevention (Institute for Work and Health, 2015) The nurse can use preventive measures or health education that are aimed at breaking the chain and reducing the risks of infections in other people. These measures include adhering to proper hygiene measures (WHO, 2018). For example, in the case of contact precautions, nurses should always use the appropriate personal protective equipment disposed of immediately after attending the patient to protect the nurse and other patients from getting infection.
.
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION .docx
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 1
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 2
Outbreak Investigation
Introduction
Epidemiology deals with the study of the determinants and distribution of disability or disease in the population groups (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Epidemiology is one of the core areas in public health study and is essential for the evaluation of the efficacy of the new therapeutic and preventive modalities as well in the new organizational health care delivery patterns. I have for a long time developed a lot of interest in the area towards learning more on finding the causes of diseases and health outcomes in populations. Epidemiology views the individuals collectively, and the community is considered to be patient. The area of public health study is systematic, scientific, and data-driven in analyzing the pattern or frequency of the distributions and the risk factors or causes of specific diseases in the neighborhood, city, school, country, and global levels. Epidemiology handles various areas including environmental exposures, infectious diseases, injuries, non-infectious diseases, natural disasters and terrorism (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Specifically, this paper explores epidemiology in addressing infectious disease, food-borne illness in the community. Also, the paper examines outbreak investigations as an intervention towards addressing the foodborne illness in the society. Further, an evaluation of the intervention and the expected results are discussed to examine or analyze the contributions of the intervention.
Foodborne Illness
Foodborne illness is any illness that results from food spoilage of the contaminated food. Food can be contaminated by the pathogenic bacteria, contaminated food, parasites, or viruses, as well as natural or chemical toxins including several species of beans, and poisonous mushrooms. In the United States, food-borne illness is estimated to impact negatively over 76 million people annually (Jones, McMillian, Scallan et al., 2007). This is translated to 5,2000 deaths, and 325,000 hospitalizations. However, the true incidence of food-borne illness is unknown. The majority of food-borne illness and most of the deaths are linked to “unknown agents” following the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis a foodborne disease. An estimated $7 billion is lost regarding productivity and medical expenses and is attributed to the most prevalent but diagnosable foodborne illnesses. Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: Reference needed for this statement Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: References needed for these statements
The under diagnosis in foodborne illnesses is further contributed by the majority who has the symptoms and signs of the disease but totally fail to seek medical attention. This circumstance coupled with the global and national distribution of foo.
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical.docx
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical and social environments to promote good health for all. As individual, we all deserve the opportunity to make choices to promote good health. Examples of social determinants include the availability of resources for individuals to meet their daily needs, access to healthcare services, education and social support. In an effort to ensure that all Americans have the opportunity to improve their health, advances are necessary in education, childcare, housing, community planning, transportation and agriculture.
Having the ability to make health choices and having the resources available to make the healthy choices are two different concepts. While many individuals desire to live healthy lifestyle, they do not have the resources or don’t know where to find help to acquire the resources to improve their health. For individuals who live in poverty, disease is more prevalent.
The chain of communicable disease transmission is represented by a linked chain. The links in the chain represent each stage of transmission from reservoir through a portal of exit via mode of transmission to a portal of entry in a susceptible host. Modes of transmission and portals may differ, depending on the organism being transmitted. Hand washing, utilizing precautions and cleaning with appropriate disinfectants are helpful tools to decrease the transmission of diseases (Green, 2018).
Reference:
Grand Canyon University (ED).(2018). Community & Public health: The future of health care. Retrieved from
https://Ic.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/
Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-obectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
Social determinants of health are conditions contributing or hindering a person’s well being or health. Conditions include where people are borne, grow, live, play, learn, worship, work and age.(Healthy people.gov.2018; WHO,n.d.a)
Available resources affect ones quality of health such as affordable housing, access to education, public safety, availability of healthy foods, toxin free environment and health services availability. Lack social determinants of health leads to disease and poor health resulting into early mortality. safe effective people centered, timely, equitable, integrated and efficient services are hallmarks of quality of health services.(WHO,2017)
The communicable disease chain model represents each link that must be present for disease to occur. These include a pathogen or a causative agent, a reservoir (human, animal or environmental source of pathogen), a portal exit from the reservoir, mode of transmission, a portal entry into a susceptible host and a susceptible host.
Nurses can ensure proper waste disposal immediately at the point of use for example disposal of infectious waste in the correct bins, disposal of sharps in the correct sha.
Reply 1 Social determinants of health play a huge role in the he.docx
Reply 1
Social determinants of health play a huge role in the health of people because they work in combination to either help us prevent disease or contribute to unhealthy conditions that may cause disease. According to HealthyPeople (2020), "Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks," (para. 4). Examples of social determinants of health include neighborhoods, homes, schools, etc. The conditions of the places where we spend our lives can contribute to the development of disease if they are unsafe or unclean (e.g., a home not having clean water).
The communicable disease chain model is designed to show people the process of disease transmission. The chain of infection is described with six steps or "links" including a pathogen or causitive agent, a resorvior, a portal of exit from the resorvior, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry to a susceptible host, and a susceptible host. Breaking any of these links in the chain of infection can prevent the occurance of a new infection (Chain of infection, n.d.). An example of a way that a nurse can break the link of infection would handwashing. This is the first thing we learn in school and continues to be the simnplest and most important way that we can stop the transmission of pathogens.
Healthy People. (2020). Social determinants of health. Retreived from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health?topicid=39
Chain of infection. (n.d.) Retreived from
https://lc.gcumedia.com/nsg403c/chain-of-infection/chain-of-infection-v1.1.html
Reply 2
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
According to the article, Social Determinants of Health, “social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks” (Healthypeople, 2020). For example, socioeconomic conditions such as concentrated poverty and exposure to crime such as violence and social disorder can be detrimental to a person’s health leading to morbidity and mortality. A family living in poverty is tight on money and is limited to access to healthcare, limited to access to fresh produce, and may not enroll their kids in afterschool programs such as club sports, etc, due to being tight on money. The community they live in is a poverty city where there are crimes and violence. With high rates of poverty, there is a correlation to higher rates of morbidity such as diabetes and obesity. According to the reading, Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care, illness such as heart diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and diabetes “are among those that are modifiable or preventable, increasing the burden of the disease. The burden of the disease reflects the.
One Health: A Holistic Approach to Achieving Global Well-being
Introduction:
In an interconnected world where the boundaries between humans, and animals. and the environment blurred. One Health has emerged as a comprehensive approach to addressing complex health challenges. One Health recognizes the intricate connections between the Health of humans and animals. and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts across disciplines to achieve optimal well-being for all. This article delves into the fundamental principles of It, and its historical roots. and its potential to revolutionize the way we approach global Health.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Understanding One Health:
A- Definition and Scope:
It is an integrative approach that considers the Health of humans, animals. and the environment as interdependent entities. It acknowledges that the Health of one component influences the Health of the others. and disruptions in any of these systems can have far-reaching consequences. This approach goes beyond traditional silos in health management. and embraces a holistic perspective. recognizing the intricate web of connections that shape our Health.
B- Historical Roots:
The roots of the It concept can traced back to ancient civilizations. where the interconnectedness of human and animal health acknowledged. But, the formal recognition of It as a distinct field gained momentum in the late 20th century. The emergence of zoonotic diseases transmitted between animals. and humans highlighted the need for a collaborative approach to disease prevention and control.
Key Principles of One Health:
A- Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
At the heart of It is interdisciplinary collaboration. This principle involves breaking down the traditional barriers between medical, veterinary. and environmental sciences. Professionals from various fields work together to understand the complex dynamics of Health. and to develop effective strategies for prevention, surveillance, and response to emerging threats.
B- Zoonotic Disease Surveillance:
Given the increasing frequency of zoonotic disease outbreaks. It emphasizes surveillance and early detection. Monitoring diseases at the human-animal-environment interface is crucial for identifying potential threats before. they escalate into global pandemics. This proactive approach involves close collaboration between public health agencies. veterinary services, and environmental monitoring bodies.
C- Environmental Stewardship:
It recognizes the impact of environmental degradation on Health. Climate change, deforestation, and pollution can exacerbate the spread of diseases. affect water and food sources, and compromise the well-being of ecosystems. Integrating environmental stewardship into health policies is essential for safeguarding the Health of present and future generations.
Examples of One Health in Action:
A- Pandemic Preparedness:
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of a It approach. The virus, believed to have originated in bats.
REPLY1 An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you w.docx
REPLY1
An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you would like to learn more about is behavior and cultural issues. If we wish to help a community improve its health, we must learn to think like the people of that community. People around the world have beliefs and behaviors related to health and illness that stem from cultural forces and individual experiences and perceptions. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation. Understanding how behaviors are rooted in an individual’s unique cultural experience and as a response to social pressures can better equip medical professionals with the context, skills and empathy necessary for holistic care.
REPLY2
An area of public health that I would like to learn more is infection prevention and control. Especially in our current times, preventing disease and spread is of high importance. Preventing the reoccurrence of old diseases especially preventable ones are high on the list of public health efforts. Infection preventionist registered nurses have been in high demand in different types of organizations and health care setting since 1941, after the British Medical Council suggested the need for this role (Weston 2008). Infection preventionist work to prevent central line infections, catheter associated infections, hospital acquired pressure ulcers, and hospital acquired pneumonia, including ventilator associated pneumonia.
Infection prevention specialist also work closely with local, state, and federal public health agencies in the reporting, managing, and possible testing and treatment of diseases. Disease threats are difficult to predict especially new disease, but due to an increase in emerging new diseases the return of old diseases is unavoidable. “Microorganisms previously unknown or unrecognized or thought to only cause diseases in animals can and have evolved to produce more virulent strains which can also affect humans (Weston, 2008, pp.4). Preventing disease including infectious agents is associated with public health.
The Centers for Disease prevention and Control (CDC) is an excellent source of information for all healthcare workers. The resources provided include basic principles of infection prevention and control (Centers for Infection Prevention and Control, 2020). Topics range from injection safety, sharps, and of high importance hand hygiene. Training and educational resources are also provided on CDC (Centers for Infection Prevention and Control, 2020).
.
Updated copy (introductio to environmental epidemiology & bio statistics)
Lecture note prepared by N.I.Barda
Prevention and Levels of Prevention Lecture
Prevention and levels of prevention of Community Medicine lecture .This lecture also has concepts of disease,surveillance, monitoring and iceberg phenonomenon of disease.
Factors affecting health of the individual and the community
"Factors Affecting Health of the Individual and Community" is a topic in medical-surgical nursing for nursing students.
Assignment on Control and Prevention of Diseases
An academic assignment on Control and Prevention of Diseases
Prepared by Dr.Md.Muniruzzaman
DVM,VPHFH,HSTU,Dinajpur-5200
What Constitutes A Pandemic
In today's interconnected world, the term "pandemic" has become all too familiar. But what exactly does it mean, and why is it so significant? A pandemic can be defined as a global health crisis caused by the outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents. It is a term that denotes the severity and scale of an epidemic.
To understand the significance of a pandemic, it is essential to differentiate between a pandemic and an epidemic. While both refer to the spread of infectious diseases, an epidemic is typically confined to a specific region or community. In contrast, a pandemic transcends borders, affecting people worldwide.
The impact of a pandemic goes beyond its immediate health consequences. It can disrupt economies, strain healthcare systems, and cause social upheaval. The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a stark reminder of how vulnerable our global society can be in the face of such crises.
Infectious Disease Management.pdf
Infectious diseases have been a part of human history for as long as we can remember. From the Black Death in the 14th century to more recent outbreaks like COVID-19, these diseases have shaped the course of our lives.
Infectious Disease Management.pdf
Infectious diseases have been a part of human history for as long as we can remember. From the Black Death in the 14th century to more recent outbreaks like COVID-19, these diseases have shaped the course of our lives.
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docx
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docx
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
More Related Content
Similar to 2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docx
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical.docx
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical and social environments to promote good health for all. As individual, we all deserve the opportunity to make choices to promote good health. Examples of social determinants include the availability of resources for individuals to meet their daily needs, access to healthcare services, education and social support. In an effort to ensure that all Americans have the opportunity to improve their health, advances are necessary in education, childcare, housing, community planning, transportation and agriculture.
Having the ability to make health choices and having the resources available to make the healthy choices are two different concepts. While many individuals desire to live healthy lifestyle, they do not have the resources or don’t know where to find help to acquire the resources to improve their health. For individuals who live in poverty, disease is more prevalent.
The chain of communicable disease transmission is represented by a linked chain. The links in the chain represent each stage of transmission from reservoir through a portal of exit via mode of transmission to a portal of entry in a susceptible host. Modes of transmission and portals may differ, depending on the organism being transmitted. Hand washing, utilizing precautions and cleaning with appropriate disinfectants are helpful tools to decrease the transmission of diseases (Green, 2018).
Reference:
Grand Canyon University (ED).(2018). Community & Public health: The future of health care. Retrieved from
https://Ic.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/
Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-obectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health
Social determinants of health are conditions contributing or hindering a person’s well being or health. Conditions include where people are borne, grow, live, play, learn, worship, work and age.(Healthy people.gov.2018; WHO,n.d.a)
Available resources affect ones quality of health such as affordable housing, access to education, public safety, availability of healthy foods, toxin free environment and health services availability. Lack social determinants of health leads to disease and poor health resulting into early mortality. safe effective people centered, timely, equitable, integrated and efficient services are hallmarks of quality of health services.(WHO,2017)
The communicable disease chain model represents each link that must be present for disease to occur. These include a pathogen or a causative agent, a reservoir (human, animal or environmental source of pathogen), a portal exit from the reservoir, mode of transmission, a portal entry into a susceptible host and a susceptible host.
Nurses can ensure proper waste disposal immediately at the point of use for example disposal of infectious waste in the correct bins, disposal of sharps in the correct sha.
Reply 1 Social determinants of health play a huge role in the he.docx
Reply 1
Social determinants of health play a huge role in the health of people because they work in combination to either help us prevent disease or contribute to unhealthy conditions that may cause disease. According to HealthyPeople (2020), "Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks," (para. 4). Examples of social determinants of health include neighborhoods, homes, schools, etc. The conditions of the places where we spend our lives can contribute to the development of disease if they are unsafe or unclean (e.g., a home not having clean water).
The communicable disease chain model is designed to show people the process of disease transmission. The chain of infection is described with six steps or "links" including a pathogen or causitive agent, a resorvior, a portal of exit from the resorvior, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry to a susceptible host, and a susceptible host. Breaking any of these links in the chain of infection can prevent the occurance of a new infection (Chain of infection, n.d.). An example of a way that a nurse can break the link of infection would handwashing. This is the first thing we learn in school and continues to be the simnplest and most important way that we can stop the transmission of pathogens.
Healthy People. (2020). Social determinants of health. Retreived from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health?topicid=39
Chain of infection. (n.d.) Retreived from
https://lc.gcumedia.com/nsg403c/chain-of-infection/chain-of-infection-v1.1.html
Reply 2
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
According to the article, Social Determinants of Health, “social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks” (Healthypeople, 2020). For example, socioeconomic conditions such as concentrated poverty and exposure to crime such as violence and social disorder can be detrimental to a person’s health leading to morbidity and mortality. A family living in poverty is tight on money and is limited to access to healthcare, limited to access to fresh produce, and may not enroll their kids in afterschool programs such as club sports, etc, due to being tight on money. The community they live in is a poverty city where there are crimes and violence. With high rates of poverty, there is a correlation to higher rates of morbidity such as diabetes and obesity. According to the reading, Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care, illness such as heart diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and diabetes “are among those that are modifiable or preventable, increasing the burden of the disease. The burden of the disease reflects the.
One Health: A Holistic Approach to Achieving Global Well-being
Introduction:
In an interconnected world where the boundaries between humans, and animals. and the environment blurred. One Health has emerged as a comprehensive approach to addressing complex health challenges. One Health recognizes the intricate connections between the Health of humans and animals. and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts across disciplines to achieve optimal well-being for all. This article delves into the fundamental principles of It, and its historical roots. and its potential to revolutionize the way we approach global Health.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Understanding One Health:
A- Definition and Scope:
It is an integrative approach that considers the Health of humans, animals. and the environment as interdependent entities. It acknowledges that the Health of one component influences the Health of the others. and disruptions in any of these systems can have far-reaching consequences. This approach goes beyond traditional silos in health management. and embraces a holistic perspective. recognizing the intricate web of connections that shape our Health.
B- Historical Roots:
The roots of the It concept can traced back to ancient civilizations. where the interconnectedness of human and animal health acknowledged. But, the formal recognition of It as a distinct field gained momentum in the late 20th century. The emergence of zoonotic diseases transmitted between animals. and humans highlighted the need for a collaborative approach to disease prevention and control.
Key Principles of One Health:
A- Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
At the heart of It is interdisciplinary collaboration. This principle involves breaking down the traditional barriers between medical, veterinary. and environmental sciences. Professionals from various fields work together to understand the complex dynamics of Health. and to develop effective strategies for prevention, surveillance, and response to emerging threats.
B- Zoonotic Disease Surveillance:
Given the increasing frequency of zoonotic disease outbreaks. It emphasizes surveillance and early detection. Monitoring diseases at the human-animal-environment interface is crucial for identifying potential threats before. they escalate into global pandemics. This proactive approach involves close collaboration between public health agencies. veterinary services, and environmental monitoring bodies.
C- Environmental Stewardship:
It recognizes the impact of environmental degradation on Health. Climate change, deforestation, and pollution can exacerbate the spread of diseases. affect water and food sources, and compromise the well-being of ecosystems. Integrating environmental stewardship into health policies is essential for safeguarding the Health of present and future generations.
Examples of One Health in Action:
A- Pandemic Preparedness:
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of a It approach. The virus, believed to have originated in bats.
REPLY1 An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you w.docx
REPLY1
An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you would like to learn more about is behavior and cultural issues. If we wish to help a community improve its health, we must learn to think like the people of that community. People around the world have beliefs and behaviors related to health and illness that stem from cultural forces and individual experiences and perceptions. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation. Understanding how behaviors are rooted in an individual’s unique cultural experience and as a response to social pressures can better equip medical professionals with the context, skills and empathy necessary for holistic care.
REPLY2
An area of public health that I would like to learn more is infection prevention and control. Especially in our current times, preventing disease and spread is of high importance. Preventing the reoccurrence of old diseases especially preventable ones are high on the list of public health efforts. Infection preventionist registered nurses have been in high demand in different types of organizations and health care setting since 1941, after the British Medical Council suggested the need for this role (Weston 2008). Infection preventionist work to prevent central line infections, catheter associated infections, hospital acquired pressure ulcers, and hospital acquired pneumonia, including ventilator associated pneumonia.
Infection prevention specialist also work closely with local, state, and federal public health agencies in the reporting, managing, and possible testing and treatment of diseases. Disease threats are difficult to predict especially new disease, but due to an increase in emerging new diseases the return of old diseases is unavoidable. “Microorganisms previously unknown or unrecognized or thought to only cause diseases in animals can and have evolved to produce more virulent strains which can also affect humans (Weston, 2008, pp.4). Preventing disease including infectious agents is associated with public health.
The Centers for Disease prevention and Control (CDC) is an excellent source of information for all healthcare workers. The resources provided include basic principles of infection prevention and control (Centers for Infection Prevention and Control, 2020). Topics range from injection safety, sharps, and of high importance hand hygiene. Training and educational resources are also provided on CDC (Centers for Infection Prevention and Control, 2020).
.
Updated copy (introductio to environmental epidemiology & bio statistics)
Lecture note prepared by N.I.Barda
Prevention and Levels of Prevention Lecture
Prevention and levels of prevention of Community Medicine lecture .This lecture also has concepts of disease,surveillance, monitoring and iceberg phenonomenon of disease.
Factors affecting health of the individual and the community
"Factors Affecting Health of the Individual and Community" is a topic in medical-surgical nursing for nursing students.
Assignment on Control and Prevention of Diseases
An academic assignment on Control and Prevention of Diseases
Prepared by Dr.Md.Muniruzzaman
DVM,VPHFH,HSTU,Dinajpur-5200
What Constitutes A Pandemic
In today's interconnected world, the term "pandemic" has become all too familiar. But what exactly does it mean, and why is it so significant? A pandemic can be defined as a global health crisis caused by the outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents. It is a term that denotes the severity and scale of an epidemic.
To understand the significance of a pandemic, it is essential to differentiate between a pandemic and an epidemic. While both refer to the spread of infectious diseases, an epidemic is typically confined to a specific region or community. In contrast, a pandemic transcends borders, affecting people worldwide.
The impact of a pandemic goes beyond its immediate health consequences. It can disrupt economies, strain healthcare systems, and cause social upheaval. The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a stark reminder of how vulnerable our global society can be in the face of such crises.
Infectious Disease Management.pdf
Infectious diseases have been a part of human history for as long as we can remember. From the Black Death in the 14th century to more recent outbreaks like COVID-19, these diseases have shaped the course of our lives.
Infectious Disease Management.pdf
Infectious diseases have been a part of human history for as long as we can remember. From the Black Death in the 14th century to more recent outbreaks like COVID-19, these diseases have shaped the course of our lives.
Similar to 2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docx (20)
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical.docx
Social determinants of health identify ways to create physical.docx
HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion.pdf
HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion.pdf
Reply 1 Social determinants of health play a huge role in the he.docx
Reply 1 Social determinants of health play a huge role in the he.docx
One Health: A Holistic Approach to Achieving Global Well-being
One Health: A Holistic Approach to Achieving Global Well-being
Foundations of Healthcare System Factor Analysis on Dengue
Foundations of Healthcare System Factor Analysis on Dengue
REPLY1 An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you w.docx
REPLY1 An area of public health (non-COVID-19) that you w.docx
HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion Responses.docx
HLT 362V Grand Canyon University Wk5 Epidemiology Discussion Responses.docx
Updated copy (introductio to environmental epidemiology & bio statistics)
Updated copy (introductio to environmental epidemiology & bio statistics)
Factors affecting health of the individual and the community
Factors affecting health of the individual and the community
More from herminaprocter
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docx
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docx
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
2) In examining Document 4 and Document 6, how did the.docx
2)
In examining
Document 4
and
Document 6
, how did the onset of the Cold War redefine what it meant to be an American? What role do these documents suggest loyal citizens play in waging war against Communism? In examining the political cartoon (
Document 5
), how does the artist critique the “anti-subversive” efforts that took place during the Second Red Scare? In what ways does the McCarthy era continue to influence American society?
3)
The turbulent 1960s saw numerous attempts to identify the root problems within American society and the role of citizens in resolving them. In examining
Document 7
,
Document 8
, and
Document 9
, what common problems are identified within American society? What are some of the differences? What role did each of these documents suggest Americans should play in achieving social justice? Are their arguments persuasive? Why or why not?
4)
The last several decades of the Twentieth Century saw the emergence of new groups of Americans claiming rights as citizens. To what extent does the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment (
Document 10
) to be ratified, but the signing of Title IX (
Document 11
) into law, signal about the changing role and rights of women in modern America? After reading President George H.W. Bush’s remarks (
Document 12
), why do you believe it took so long for the country to acknowledge and protect the rights of the disabled?
5)
How does Maya Angelou’s inauguration poem (
Document 13
) reflect upon the identity of “hyphenated Americans” by the early 1990s? In reading
Document 14
, how does President-Elect Barack Obama define Americanism? Looking back over documents 1-13, did his election, as the first person of color to become President of the United States, resolve the questions and crises surrounding the definition of an American citizen? In a post-9/11 world, has America progressed in its inclusiveness? Why or why not?
.
2-3 pages in length (including exhibits, tables and appendices.docx
2-3 pages in length (including exhibits, tables and appendices). Use 12 point Ariel font and single line and character spacing.
.
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment f.docx
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment for children, whereas Petra is a parent who believes that play is developmentally beneficial for children. Which is likely to be true about Sandra and Petra?
Group of answer choices
A. Sandra’s children are more likely to have richer imaginations than Petra’s children.
B. Sandra is less likely than Petra to encourage pretend play.
C. Petra is more likely than Sandra to encourage associative play.
D. Petra is less likely than Sandra to provide props for her children to play with.
3. Three-year-old Aiko is pretending that her teddy bear is going to the beach and places a paper plate on the teddy bear’s head as a “hat.” Aiko is demonstrating...
Group of answer choices
A. dual representation
B. egocentrism
C. centration
D. animistic thinking
5.
Nikki and Anna are both running for class president. When Anna wins the election, Nikki is jealous and spreads rumors about Anna. Nikki is displaying .. (pick below.......) aggression
A. verbal
B."reactive",
C"physical",
D"proactive"]
6. Kris has a preschool-age daughter named Leila. When Kris gives Leila three cookies and asks her to count them, Leila points to each cookie, one-by-one, and says, “One, two, three.” When Kris asks Leila, “How many cookies do you have?” Leila proudly answers, “Three!” Leila is demonstrating an understanding of...
Group of answer choices
A. Cardinality
B.arithmetic
C. quantity comparisons
D. Ordinality
.
2.2 Discussion What Is LeadershipGetting StartedR.docx
2.2 Discussion: What Is Leadership
Getting Started
Recognizing good organizational leader characteristics is important, not only to ensure that your leadership style is benefiting the organization but also to identify these characteristics in others so they can provide the greatest service to the organization.
This assignment is a continuation of material from Chapter 1 and your 1.2 Discussion. This material will help you understand organizational leader characteristics as you consider and defend your perspectives and consider those of your peers.
Upon successful completion of this discussion, you will be able to:
Evaluate leadership styles.
Resources
Textbook:
Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience
Background Information
In this discussion, you will consider the various definitions of leadership as provided in the textbook from the authors' review of literature in the field of leadership. You will also explore the concept of leadership as both rational and emotional as well as the differences between the roles of a manager versus the roles of a leader.
The concept of followership is also introduced in this assignment's reading from the textbook, as well as the growing role of women in leadership positions and responsibilities.
Instructions
Review the rubric to make sure you understand the criteria for earning your grade.
Review Chapter 1, "What Do We Mean by Leadership?", in our textbook. As you review, reflect upon the definitions of leadership and how these definitions and other aspects of leadership add to your prior understanding of a leader's role in an organization.
Conduct a critical analysis of the postings by two of your classmates from the posts submitted in 1.2 by the end of the workshop and should be written as if you were reviewing their posting in an academic journal. Your discussion response should, therefore, answer the following questions as applicable:
Were three leadership definitions clearly defined with examples and clear, insightful critical thinking? Comment on two of the three definitions of leadership presented in the post of your classmates. Do you agree or disagree with their interpretation of the definition of leadership? Provide rationale from personal examples or subject matter expert opinions.
Did the discussion of leadership as an art or a science include a detailed explanation that demonstrates clear, insightful critical thinking? Review your classmates' posts. Does their explanation support defining leadership as either an “art” or a “science”? Explain.
Was the concept of spiritual gifts effectively discussed, relating the concept to that of leadership styles?
In addition to commenting on the critical thinking displayed in the post, offer your comments on the original post and provide your overall agreement or disagreement with the poster’s concept of leadership. Your response to each question above should be one paragraph in length and cite one academic source.
.
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-si.docx
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-sized organization that is implementing a new interorganizational system that will impact employees, customers, and suppliers. Your manager has requested that you work with the system development team to create a communications plan for the project. He would like to meet with you in two hours to review your thoughts on the KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNICATIONS PLAN. What should those objectives be?
.
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management Differentiate bet.docx
2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management? Differentiate between strategic context and HR as a profit center. What are the Strategic Human Management tools, metrics used in managing human resources, and strategy-base metrics?
2.2. What can managers do to improve employee engagement and how to measure it?
3.1. What is job analysis? Describe at least four methods for collecting data. Also, what are competencies and how to write competencies?
.
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docx
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven:
a. An introductory slide with the title or research question and your name and student number.
b. The remaining 4-5 pieces of information will be responsible for answering the information question:
What was the impact of ________en the history of _________?
c. An APA-style bibliography slide.
3.__one or more than another image in the power point related to the theme. One of these images may be the image of the neighbor being investigated.
4.__Bibliografía (no less than 4 references: Two from the Internet, one from one book and one from an interview- APA style)
7. ___write in your own words. No copy paste.
8. __ (Correct spelling and punctuation and note that the writing is yours and not a copy paste from the Internet or a book). Check the work before delivering it with this same check list.
V. Depth
9.__Desarrollo of the research question. Answer it through the power point presentation.
10. __ Depth in the study. Copy paste is not accepted. Any plagiarism (may be: copy a concept, even a sentence, whose intellectual author is not you, invalidates this research- see the university's politics regarding plagiarism). Each criterion is worth ten points.
¿Cómo impacta la novela a la historia de Puerto Rico?
Yeralis M. Rivera Arguinzoni
B00569846
Dra. Vilma Pizarro
Historia de Puerto rico
Universidad Interamericana Recinto de Barranquitas
Comienzos de la novela en Puerto Rico
La literatura en Puerto Rico comienza a finales del siglo XIX.
Movimiento del romanticismo( Europa: Alemania, Inglaterra y España)
Géneros literarios: Poesía, teatro, ensayo y narrativa( novela, cuentos, leyendas, etc.).
La novela es el último género en llegar a Puerto Rico y a América.
En estas novelas trataban los temas de: el amor a la patria, el destino, la muerte, Dios y el progreso, entre otros.
La primera novela puertorriqueña
Hay dos teorías sobre la primer novela puertorriqueña:
Luz y Sombra(1893) = Escrita por Ana Roque de Duprey, primera novela escrita en Puerto Rico.
“La Peregrinación de Bayoán”(1863) = Escrita por Eugenio María de Hostos, primera novela escrita por un puertorriqueño pero es escrita en España. Esta es la mas aceptada como la primera novela puertorriqueña. Su tema principal era la lucha por la identidad del puertorriqueño. Ideas políticas y sociales de Hostos luego del grito de Lares y el grito de Yara(Cuba), fueron expresadas en esta novela.
Otros escritores importantes de la época
Manuel Zeno Gandía = Considerado como el más grande novelista de Puerto Rico. Sus obras: “La Charca”, “Garduña” y “El Negocio”, conocidas como “Crónicas de un mundo enfermo”, se escriben ya bajo el naturalismo. Presentan a un Puerto Rico enfermo y la situación crítica de un Puerto Rico abandonado por España.
Enrique A. Laguerre = Sus obras más importantes: “La Resaca” y “La llamarada”. Sus obras presentan la pésima situación de vida del campesinado a finales del siglo XIX.
.
2. Multicultural Interview Paper Students may begin this.docx
2.
Multicultural Interview Paper
Students may begin this assignment by selecting an individual from a culture differing from their own. This may be any culture or subgroup covered in the course content, such as adolescents, elderly adults, and persons with disabilities.
Students are not limited to these groups.
Students will create a series of interview questions focused on issues and concerns pertinent to the culture or subgroup
. Interview questions are to be specific and designed to help the student learn more about the culture or subgroup as it relates to Addictions & course studies. Students may use their text book and other course resources as guidelines for developing questions. Students should develop a minimum of eight-10 interview questions.
Students
must
submit interview questions to the course instructor and receive approval of the questions before proceeding with the assignment.
Students will then use these approved questions during the interview with the consenting individual and write a two page summarization of the questions with the answers received by the individual. The paper must be in question/answer format.
.
2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docx
2-4
A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and its impact on life-span development, including findings from the resources and from the journal article(s) you selected during your research
An explanation of how you might apply your findings to social work practice
.
2- to 4A description of the services in your local communi.docx
2- to 4
A description of the services in your local community that support individuals in later adulthood
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the services you identified
A description of service gaps you identified
An explanation of how to improve existing services
A description of services that should be added, and why
.
2 or more paragraphAs previously noted, the Brocks have some of.docx
2 or more paragraph
As previously noted, the Brocks have some of their investment portfolio in conservative stocks. These equities have had very slow growth while regularly paying a small dividend.
Pam and Josh have received several emails recently with suggestions about various biotechnology, retailing, and environmental companies. The investment advisers believe that these industries would provide an opportunity for strong long-term financial gains.
In recent years, the Brocks have made extensive use of mutual funds in their investment portfolio. However, they are concerned that their selection of the funds may not be coordinated. With over 9,200 different mutual funds available, this financial marketplace is confusing.
The Brocks start the evaluation process by connecting various types of mutual funds to their investments goals. Next, they assess the past performance and management of the funds. Finally, they talk with various financial advisers and other investors to gather additional information.
Life Situation
Pam, 43
Josh, 45
3 Children, ages 16, 14 and 11
Financial Data
Monthly income$4,900 / Living expenses$4,450/ Assets$262,700/ Liabilities$84,600/ Emergency Fund$5,000
Q1. According to Pam, "We both know we should have started our investment program sooner, but we always seemed to have 'emergencies' that took what extra money we had." To what extent should the Brocks invest in stocks as a major portion of their investment portfolio?
.
2-1 IntroductionUber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startu.docx
2-1 Introduction
Uber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startup that provides ride-sharing services by
facilitating a connection between independent contractors (drivers) and riders with the use
of an app. Uber has expanded its operations to 425 cities in 72 countries around the world
and is valued at around $70 billion, making it the world’s most valuable startup.
Approximately 30 million users use Uber’s services monthly. Uber has become a key player
in the sharing economy, a new economic model in which independent contractors rent out
their underutilized resources such as vehicles or lodging to other consumers. The sharing
economy is quickly becoming an alternative to owning resources outright. Because its
services cost less than taking a traditional taxi, Uber and similar ride-sharing services have
upended the taxi industry. The company has experienced resounding success and is
looking toward expansion both internationally and within the United States.
However, Uber’s rapid success is creating challenges in the form of legal and regulatory,
social, and technical obstacles. The taxi industry, for instance, is arguing that Uber has an
unfair advantage because it does not face the same licensing requirements as they do.
Others accuse Uber of not vetting their drivers, creating potentially unsafe situations. Some
major cities are banning ride-sharing services like Uber because of these various concerns.
Additionally, Uber has faced various lawsuits, including a lawsuit filed by its independent
contractors. Its presence in the market has influenced lawmakers to draft new regulations to
govern this “app-driven” ride-sharing system. Legislation can often hinder a company’s
expansion opportunities because of the resources it must expend to comply with regulatory
requirements. Uber has been highly praised for giving independent contractors an opportunity to earn money as long as they have a car, while also offering convenient ways for consumers to get around at lower costs. Although its “Surge Pricing” technique has been criticized for charging higher fares during popular times, it is also becoming a model for other companies such as Zappos in how it compensates its call center employees. The biggest issues Uber faces include legal action because drivers are not licensed, rider and driver safety,protection and security of customer and driver information, and a lack of adequate insurance coverage. To be successful, Uber must address these issues in its marketing strategy so it can reduce resistance as it expands into other cities.
2-2 Background
In 2009 Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp developed a smartphone application to connect
drivers-for-hire with people needing rides to a destination in their city. Earlier in the year the
founders had attended the inaugural address in Washington, D.C. and could not hail a taxi.
They recognized the need for a convenient, low-cost transportation service. This innovative
service was originally founded.
2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docx
2 peer responses due in 4 hours
MALEETA'S POST:
World War II film
Saving Private Ryan (1998), directed by one of my favorites,
Steven Spielberg, is what I the topic my topic of week five’s discussion. This film is like no other World War II film that I have seen because of the realistic combat. I found myself getting overwhelmed, covering my eyes, and getting sick to my stomach from time to time through the movie. From the very beginning of the film on Omaha Beach, the D-Day landing scene gave me a glimpse of how the stress of combat experience could have felt.
Movie-watchers do not think about how the color scheme plays a significant part and sets different tones. The muddy browns, dark greens, and greys are the predominant colors throughout the movie. This movie does not have many vibrant, happy colors, and for a good reason. For instance, in
Saving Private Ryan
, the Normandy landing scene opens slowly to a beach. The setting is solemn, and the continuous color scheme of bland greys is an excellent cinematography piece. I felt like it made the red blood colors and the explosion colors stand out even more. Also, almost every shot was dreary and had vintage-like colors that gave the feeling of war and hopelessness. There was a part in this scene when the soldiers were near water that contrasted the typically dreary colors with a calming blue hue. The change of color gave me some hope that it may be safer under the surface, and then those hopes were instantly shattered when shots were fired, and red clouds pierced through the calming blue colors punishing me for even thinking there was any hope approaching the soldiers. This is an excellent mise-en-scene because it represented my change of emotions.
Another color paly example is in the scene where “Duty” is talking and joking as the crew marches toward their mission. Throughout this scene, the conversation is more cheerful, but the lighting and colors of grey and green continue to give a gloomy narrative, so my mood does not change much.
Saving Private Ryan has the same dull, dreary colors and low-key lighting, which looks dark and intensifies the shadows as the other War films in Week Five’s content. The desaturation of color is often used in war films.
Saving Private Ryan’s narrative, editing, camera movement, and color scheme throughout the movie jumped out of the screen and attacked me as a viewer. Every part of its cinematography placed the watcher in the combat experience, and I loved it in a good but bad way.
COLIN'S POST:
The war film I watched for this week was
1917 (2019)
directed by Sam Mendes. This film takes place during World War I and follows two British soldiers throughout most of the movie. This film is unique because it is shot as a "one shot film" where the director uses lighting and different angles with very few cuts to give a continuous feeling throughout the entire film. It gives audiences a more connected feeling as it seems like the scenes never end.
2 Pages for 4 questions below1) Some say that analytics in gener.docx
2 Pages for 4 questions below
1) Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and other say they do not. Discuss arguments for both point of view.
2) What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3) Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4) Search the internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and team work.
Reflection paper 3 Pages
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
Please refer to at least
2 items
in the course content that really stood out to either positive or negative.
.
2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docx
2 Ethics Session 1.pptx
Ethics in Engineering Practice
MET 2711
1
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
What is Engineering?
Engineers concern themselves with:
“the art of the practical application of scientific and empirical knowledge to the design and production or accomplishment of various sorts of constructive projects, machines and materials of use or value to man.”
“Value is not necessarily measured by an economic yardstick; the ancient pyramids and not a few structures since are of slight economic worth, while their value in terms of faith and beauty has often been considerable.”
2
Socrates on Ethics
Ethics are the norms by which acceptable and unacceptable behavior are measured.
According to Socrates, one develops ethics through maturity, wisdom and love.
Introduced the concept of teaching ethics and acceptable standards of conduct in 400 B.C.
Believed virtue was found primarily in human relationships, love and friendship, not through material gains.
3
https://classroom.synonym.com/what-were-socrates-beliefs-on-ethics-12084753.html
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
A Brief Look at Engineering Projects Through the Ages
4
Roman Aquaducts
Contributed to the health and welfare of the society
Provided 200 million gallons of clean running water and plumbing to individual structures daily (200 gallons per person)
Supported economic activity
Allowed city of Rome to grow to approximately 1 million people
312 BCE to 500 AD
5
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Earliest and largest free-standing dome
Built as Europe recovered from the Black Plague, which killed approximately 1/3 of the population
An example of a project that reflected optimism for the future (faith and beauty)
Design competition in 1423
Brunelleschi proposes unique design, but contract requires him to share project responsibilities with Ghiberti
Brunelleschi had lost prior design competition to Ghiberti
6
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Designs unique dome requiring no scaffolding. Uses brick in herringbone pattern to distribute weight out and down.
Includes a series of horizontal chains to keep structure from expanding outward
When time to install chains, Brunelleschi claims to be ill, so Ghiberti starts chain installation (without full details from Brunelleschi)
Brunelleschi “recovers” and criticizes the work, saying it will all have to be re-done
Setting up his fellow architect to fail (dishonorable conduct)
7
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-ar.
2 1 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docx
2 1 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 8
H U M A N R E S O U R C E S
M A N A G E M E N T
They’re not employees, they’re people.
—Peter Drucker
➤ Describe the range of human resource functions in the medical practice.
➤ Appreciate the range of professionals that are found in medical practices.
➤ Articulate the steps in the hiring function.
➤ Understand regulations that are specific to the employment process.
➤ Illustrate the steps in managing change.
➤ Describe why leading change is important to medical practice management.
In t r o d u c t I o n
Healthcare employment constitutes about 9 percent of the American workforce, with about
3 percent being professionals (KFF 2016). Hiring and sustaining a high-caliber staff are
two of the most important functions of managing a physician practice. Without a prop-
erly trained and motivated staff, providing high-quality services to the practice’s patients
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/7/2020 7:56 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.eds
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 1 6
is difficult. An old saying in human resources management, “Hire for attitude, and train
for skill,” is particularly applicable today, when in the highly competitive medical practice
environment, patients have increasingly high expectations of their providers. Simply having
technical skills is not adequate to build and maintain a successful practice. Staff must be
able to engage patients in a positive and constructive way to earn their trust and satisfac-
tion. Although data seem to conflict on this point, many researchers believe engaged and
satisfied patients are more likely to comply with the instructions of their providers than are
disengaged, unsatisfied patients, leading to better outcomes (e.g., Kane, Maciejewski, and
Finch 1997). More recently, a study by Fenton, Jerant, and Bertaski (2012) found little
connection between satisfaction and clinical outcome; in fact, the researchers found that
mortality was higher, as were expenditures and utilization, among more satisfied groups.
Other authors have observed this tenuous connection as well (Kennedy, Tevis, and Kent
2014). The controversy has intensified as more physician payment is tied to patient satis-
faction. Some issues that complicate this concept are the lack of common definitions and
measures of satisfaction and the complexity inherent in defining.
2 Requirements Elicitation A Survey of Techniques, Ap.docx
2 Requirements Elicitation: A Survey of Techniques,
Approaches, and Tools
Didar Zowghi and Chad Coulin
Abstract: Requirements elicitation is the process of seeking, uncovering, acquir-
ing, and elaborating requirements for computer based systems. It is generally un-
derstood that requirements are elicited rather than just captured or collected. This
implies there are discovery, emergence, and development elements to the elicita-
tion process. Requirements elicitation is a complex process involving many ac-
tivities with a variety of available techniques, approaches, and tools for perform-
ing them. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these determine when each is
appropriate depending on the context and situation. The objectives of this chapter
are to present a comprehensive survey of important aspects of the techniques, ap-
proaches, and tools for requirements elicitation, and examine the current issues,
trends, and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in this field.
Keywords: requirements, elicitation, techniques, approaches, tools, issues, chal-
lenges, trends, survey.
2.1 Introduction
The importance of requirements engineering (RE) within software systems deve l-
opment has long been established and recognized by researchers and practitioners
alike (Chapter 1). The elicitation of requirements represents an early but continu-
ous and critical stage in the development of software systems. The requirements
for a software system may be spread across many sources. These include the prob-
lem owners, the stakeholders, documentation, and other existing systems. Because
of the communication rich nature of requirements elicitation activities, many of
the effective techniques do not originate from the traditional areas of software en-
gineering or computer science research. Techniques for requirements elicitation
are derived mostly from the social sciences, organizational theory, group dynam-
ics, knowledge engineering, and very often from practical experience.
The process of requirements elicitation is generally accepted as one of the criti-
cal activities in the RE process. Getting the right requirements is considered as a
vital but difficult part of software development projects [36]. A recent field study
of fifteen RE teams carried out by Hofmann and Lehner [31] identified key RE
practices that should lead to project success. Effective elicitation of requirements
was arguably among the most important of the resulting recommended good RE
practices.
Requirements elicitation itself is a very complex process involving many activi-
ties, with multiple techniques available to perform these activities. The multi-
disciplinary nature of requirements elicitation only adds to this complexity. Elici-
tation is subject to a large degree of error, influenced by key factors ingrained in
communication problems. Despite the importance of requirements elicitation
within software development, insufficient.
2 page paper should answer the TWO following questions What ty.docx
2 page paper should answer the TWO following questions
What type of family system is present? (Ambiguous, distorted, etc.) Explain.
Which of Satir’s patterns of communication does the individual with a substance abuse problem use? Provide at least one example from your video.
MLA FORMAT , CITE THE YOUTUBE VIDEO
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2-3 pages in length (including exhibits, tables and appendices.docx
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2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment f.docx
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2.2 Discussion What Is LeadershipGetting StartedR.docx
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2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management Differentiate bet.docx
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docx
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docx
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2. Multicultural Interview Paper Students may begin this.docx
2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docx
2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docx
2- to 4A description of the services in your local communi.docx
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2-1 IntroductionUber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startu.docx
2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docx
2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docx
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2 Pages for 4 questions below1) Some say that analytics in gener.docx
2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docx
2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docx
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2 Requirements Elicitation A Survey of Techniques, Ap.docx
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2 page paper should answer the TWO following questions What ty.docx
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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