1
Developmental Disorders, Learning, and Memory
Antonai Fitzgerald
Southern New Hampshire University
PSY-300-H1419 Biopsychology
October 3, 2021
Developmental Disorders, Learning, and Memory
Critical improvements and milestones in the research in the field of biopsychology, seeking to establish ways through which the brain and nervous functions influence human behavior. Developments that have been made are far-reaching, demonstrating the importance of understanding whether defects in the brain and nervous systems could the reason behind some development disorders, their impact on working memory and learning. To narrow down the complex issue of biopsychology, two development disorders have been selected, hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, which are assessed to establish how they are related to the brain and nervous system. Scholarly articles that have extensively covered select development disorders are reviewed, and research design developed.
Literature Review
According to Moreau and Waldie (2016), development learning disorders affect children, impairing their experience of learning in the classroom. Dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two learning disorders that are evaluated by Moreau and Waldie (2016), where they claim they cannot be linked to the inadequate learning environment or the intellectual ability of the children but rather to the underlying brain function. Maturation of the prefrontal areas enables and support executive function such as reading and cognitive processes. In the early stages, neural activity may be disorganized and inefficient which eventually transit to a better efficient system but when the transition phase is defective, it leads to ADHD and dyslexia. Further, variation in the cerebral lateralization related to language processing and executive functions is another mechanism responsible for dyslexia and ADHD, which influences learning and working memory (Moreau & Waldie, 2016).
Applying a data-driven, and transdiagnostic approach, Holmes et al. (2020) assessed cognitive dimensions to the children aged 5-18 years that had been identified to have problems in attention, learning and working memory. It was established that learning-related problems and working memory was stronger and higher for the students with ADHD which are linked to defective executive function, controlled by the frontal lobes of the brain (Holmes et al, 2020). Ethical approval was granted to the researchers, and guardians were involved in providing written informed consent while verbal assent was obtained from the children. Therefore, Holmes et al. (2020) provide rich information demonstrating the influence of the brain and nervous system on human behaviors such as reading and learning.
In another study which entailed meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies, it was established that the differences in the gray matter overlap are associated with dyslexia and ADHD, and partic ...
Running head Background and Significance2Background and Sig.docxsusanschei
Running head: Background and Significance 2
Background and Significance 2
Effects of ADHD and Executive Functioning on Brain Development
#7
PSY625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Jennifer Weniger
July 30, 2018
Background
Techniques for maintaining and enhancing executive function in children with ADHD is great potential benefit to children and to society. Improved executive function improves daily performance in children and adults suffering from ADHD. There is more and more research for brain deficits associated with ADHD. ADHD symptoms can include inattention and/or hyperactivity and acting impulsively. This disorder affects more than one in 20 under the age of 18, and two-thirds of those diagnosed continue to deal with symptoms as adults. Further research on the effects of ADHD and executive functioning would be beneficial for those suffering from the disorder. Symptoms of ADHD create significate impairment in social, academic, occupational functioning, and relationships (Bressert, 2018). Higher executive functioning would lead to the ability to perform task of daily living and the improvement of quality of life.
There are more and more studies of normal and abnormal brain development in children and adolescents. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study ADHD. The ones who will be helped by further studies and an increased understanding of ADHD and executive function deficit are the children and their families. Students who have these challenges need coaching from professionals who specialize in executive functioning problems. Students need to be taught the skills necessary to overcome their deficits. Executive function skills are not a guarantee to school success but without these skills the child will have difficulty at a certain point, which can be followed by a loss of self-esteem. Further knowledge will help children suffering from ADHD and executive disorder succeed in school and in life (Eckerd, Ruden, 2011).
There are seven skills associated with executive function, 1) self-awareness, 2) inhibition, 3) non-verbal working memory, 4) verbal working memory, 5) emotional self- regulation, 6) self-motivation, 7) planning and problem solving. Anyone exhibiting ADHD symptoms will have problems with all or most of these seven executive functions. These seven functions develop over time in chronological order. Starting with self-awareness at age 2 and ending with planning and problem-solving at age 30 in a neurotypical individual. An individual with ADHD id generally 30 to 40 percent behind in transitioning from one executive function to the next (Barkley, 2018).
There is need for more research in the significance of executive functioning deficits on ADHD. In the article, Interventions to improve executive functioning and working memory in school-aged children with AD(HD): a randomized controlled trail and stepped-care approach, the researchers investigated one executive function, working memory which pl ...
Sean FergusonPSY101 Lab Section #Spring 2013Blair, R. J. R.docxkenjordan97598
Sean Ferguson
PSY101 Lab Section #
Spring 2013
Blair, R. J. R., Mitchell, D. G. V., Richell, R. A., Kelly, S., Leonard, A. & Newman, C. (2002). Turning a deaf ear to fear: Impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 682-686. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.682.
Introduction
Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder marked by a distinct pattern of antisocial behavior and emotional characteristics. These include “callousness, a diminished capacity for remorse, and superficial charm as well as impulsivity and poor behavioral controls” (Blair, Mitchell, Richell, Kelly, Leonard, & Newman, 2002, p. 682). Perhaps most importantly, psychopaths seem to lack an intrinsic sense of morality. As a result, many are capable of horrific crimes for which they feel no guilt. Although psychopathic individuals have been extensively studied, they are still not well understood.
Recent studies have attempted to explain why psychopaths exhibit such extreme emotional dysfunction. Currently, there are two popular perspectives used to address this question. One explanation, the low-fear model, suggests that much of a psychopath’s aberrant behavior can be attributed to an impaired ability to experience fear (Blair et al., 2002). Basically, psychopaths never learn to avoid dangerous situations because they fail to feel fear in dangerous situations. They tend to put themselves in threatening positions (by starting a fight, for example) because they do not fear the consequences for themselves or others. In support of this explanation, previous studies have suggested that psychopathic individuals lack appropriate fear and startle reflexes in comparison with normal individuals. The second explanation, the violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) model, posits that the ability to read expressions of fear or sadness on other people’s faces is what allows people to develop morality. Normal people learn to avoid behaviors that tend to cause other people to feel and appear sad or afraid. The VIM model argues that psychopaths have an impaired ability to identify sad and fearful expressions, and so they do not learn to avoid immoral behaviors that cause others to feel negative emotions (Blair et al., 2002).
Many previous studies have looked into psychopaths’ ability to identify facial expressions. However, none have investigated the ability of psychopathic individuals to identify the emotional intonation of spoken words. The purpose of this study was “to explore the ability of psychopathic individuals to recognize emotional vocal intonalities” (Blair et al., 2002, p. 683).
Methods
The study took place in a London prison. Potential participants were screened using the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised, a measure of psychopathic tendencies. Nineteen men were identified as psychopaths. Twenty other men who did not meet the criteria for psychopathy also took part in the study (Blair et al., 2002).
Each partic.
This is a paper I wrote for school on brain impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a focus on neuroanatomical differences and connectivity patterns. I reviewed findings from various studies, considered their limitations, and proposed directions for future research.
Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)Joy Maria Mitchell
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder. ADHD is the commonly studied and
diagnosed as psychiatric disorder. Here we shall see the relation between extraversion and ADHD, neuroticism,
biological relation, Environmental factors and with diagnosis of ADHD. It is known that Genetics is one of the factors
that may contribute to, or exacerbate ADHD. Recent research probing towards the environmental and Genetic factors
causing ADHD differences is the main source for investigation
Running head Background and Significance2Background and Sig.docxsusanschei
Running head: Background and Significance 2
Background and Significance 2
Effects of ADHD and Executive Functioning on Brain Development
#7
PSY625: Biological Bases of Behavior
Jennifer Weniger
July 30, 2018
Background
Techniques for maintaining and enhancing executive function in children with ADHD is great potential benefit to children and to society. Improved executive function improves daily performance in children and adults suffering from ADHD. There is more and more research for brain deficits associated with ADHD. ADHD symptoms can include inattention and/or hyperactivity and acting impulsively. This disorder affects more than one in 20 under the age of 18, and two-thirds of those diagnosed continue to deal with symptoms as adults. Further research on the effects of ADHD and executive functioning would be beneficial for those suffering from the disorder. Symptoms of ADHD create significate impairment in social, academic, occupational functioning, and relationships (Bressert, 2018). Higher executive functioning would lead to the ability to perform task of daily living and the improvement of quality of life.
There are more and more studies of normal and abnormal brain development in children and adolescents. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study ADHD. The ones who will be helped by further studies and an increased understanding of ADHD and executive function deficit are the children and their families. Students who have these challenges need coaching from professionals who specialize in executive functioning problems. Students need to be taught the skills necessary to overcome their deficits. Executive function skills are not a guarantee to school success but without these skills the child will have difficulty at a certain point, which can be followed by a loss of self-esteem. Further knowledge will help children suffering from ADHD and executive disorder succeed in school and in life (Eckerd, Ruden, 2011).
There are seven skills associated with executive function, 1) self-awareness, 2) inhibition, 3) non-verbal working memory, 4) verbal working memory, 5) emotional self- regulation, 6) self-motivation, 7) planning and problem solving. Anyone exhibiting ADHD symptoms will have problems with all or most of these seven executive functions. These seven functions develop over time in chronological order. Starting with self-awareness at age 2 and ending with planning and problem-solving at age 30 in a neurotypical individual. An individual with ADHD id generally 30 to 40 percent behind in transitioning from one executive function to the next (Barkley, 2018).
There is need for more research in the significance of executive functioning deficits on ADHD. In the article, Interventions to improve executive functioning and working memory in school-aged children with AD(HD): a randomized controlled trail and stepped-care approach, the researchers investigated one executive function, working memory which pl ...
Sean FergusonPSY101 Lab Section #Spring 2013Blair, R. J. R.docxkenjordan97598
Sean Ferguson
PSY101 Lab Section #
Spring 2013
Blair, R. J. R., Mitchell, D. G. V., Richell, R. A., Kelly, S., Leonard, A. & Newman, C. (2002). Turning a deaf ear to fear: Impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 682-686. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.682.
Introduction
Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder marked by a distinct pattern of antisocial behavior and emotional characteristics. These include “callousness, a diminished capacity for remorse, and superficial charm as well as impulsivity and poor behavioral controls” (Blair, Mitchell, Richell, Kelly, Leonard, & Newman, 2002, p. 682). Perhaps most importantly, psychopaths seem to lack an intrinsic sense of morality. As a result, many are capable of horrific crimes for which they feel no guilt. Although psychopathic individuals have been extensively studied, they are still not well understood.
Recent studies have attempted to explain why psychopaths exhibit such extreme emotional dysfunction. Currently, there are two popular perspectives used to address this question. One explanation, the low-fear model, suggests that much of a psychopath’s aberrant behavior can be attributed to an impaired ability to experience fear (Blair et al., 2002). Basically, psychopaths never learn to avoid dangerous situations because they fail to feel fear in dangerous situations. They tend to put themselves in threatening positions (by starting a fight, for example) because they do not fear the consequences for themselves or others. In support of this explanation, previous studies have suggested that psychopathic individuals lack appropriate fear and startle reflexes in comparison with normal individuals. The second explanation, the violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) model, posits that the ability to read expressions of fear or sadness on other people’s faces is what allows people to develop morality. Normal people learn to avoid behaviors that tend to cause other people to feel and appear sad or afraid. The VIM model argues that psychopaths have an impaired ability to identify sad and fearful expressions, and so they do not learn to avoid immoral behaviors that cause others to feel negative emotions (Blair et al., 2002).
Many previous studies have looked into psychopaths’ ability to identify facial expressions. However, none have investigated the ability of psychopathic individuals to identify the emotional intonation of spoken words. The purpose of this study was “to explore the ability of psychopathic individuals to recognize emotional vocal intonalities” (Blair et al., 2002, p. 683).
Methods
The study took place in a London prison. Potential participants were screened using the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised, a measure of psychopathic tendencies. Nineteen men were identified as psychopaths. Twenty other men who did not meet the criteria for psychopathy also took part in the study (Blair et al., 2002).
Each partic.
This is a paper I wrote for school on brain impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a focus on neuroanatomical differences and connectivity patterns. I reviewed findings from various studies, considered their limitations, and proposed directions for future research.
Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd)Joy Maria Mitchell
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder. ADHD is the commonly studied and
diagnosed as psychiatric disorder. Here we shall see the relation between extraversion and ADHD, neuroticism,
biological relation, Environmental factors and with diagnosis of ADHD. It is known that Genetics is one of the factors
that may contribute to, or exacerbate ADHD. Recent research probing towards the environmental and Genetic factors
causing ADHD differences is the main source for investigation
The effects of dysregulated dopamine levels on cognitive performance in young...Nikolaos Ziakas
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by different kinds of problems, such aspoor concentration, anti-social behaviour and drug abuse. The first symptoms start appearing in childhood. The majority of ADHD patients suffer from different types of disorders, such as anti-social personality, anxiety and mood disorders (Wilens& Spencer, 2010). ADHD is associated with the development of abnormal structures in the prefrontal cortex (Arnsten& Li, 2005).Moreover, there are differences instructures of brain between patients with ADHD and normal people.Neuroimaging studies have shown reduced white matter volumes and cortical thickness in patients with ADHD (Castellanos et al., 2002). In addition, another neurobiological factor, which contributes to the development of ADHD, is the levels of dopamine (Curatolo, D'Agati, &Moavero, 2010) and the levels of norepinephrine. The dysregulation of norepinephrine and dopamine levels can affect the function of prefrontal cortex.Furthermore, the size of corpus callosum (CC) is smaller in ADHD children (Luders et al., 2009).
Presentation by Rosemarri Klamn, MAPC, CHRP
November 20, 2015
EDDE 803: Teaching and Learning in Distance Education
Doctorate of Education in Distance Education
Dissertation Prospectus
How Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contribute to learning disability?
Andre C. Justice
11/11/2016
Argosy University
PSY 492
Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health condition that is associated with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can persist into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other hand, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same incident.
Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to learning disabilities are one question that has brought about mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological disorders have also been raised (Mason-Allgood, 2005). However, the answers are still debatable.
Background of the study
Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school going children as well as enlightening the generations. A vast majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the education sector in the best environment possible.
Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery, fatal road accidents, the demise of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil wars. These disasters have far-reaching effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The stress and trauma are substantially reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home and school. The study further showed that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting “Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311). This steps up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and psychological examination.
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child. The Association of Higher Education and Disability (.
Neurodiversity literature review and research study presentation. ChristineGlass2
Master's thesis presentation on neurodiversity. Cognitive, emotional, and life experiences of autistic adults. Literature review and survey research study.
Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-Being and Self-Esteem among Hearin...inventionjournals
The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem among hearing-impaired students. Data from 36 hearing-impaired students were collected using simple random sampling at the Federation Special Education National Secondary School Penang, Malaysia. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient: Short (EQ-i: S) instrument, Ryff‘s psychological well-being and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were utilised to examine emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem. Dimensions of emotional intelligence consist of intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, and general mood while psychological well-being dimensions consist of selfacceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth. Results indicated a moderate level of emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem. Significant positive correlations were found between self-esteem and overall emotional intelligence, overall psychological well-being, emotional intelligence dimensions (intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, and general mood) and psychological well-being dimensions (autonomy and environmental mastery). No significant correlation was found between the four dimensions of psychological well-being namely self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery and personal growth. The findings of this study will enable the education authority to direct their special students in a way that best suits the institution and students goals.
Running head: COMMUNICATION 1
COMMUNICATION 2
What Is The Relationship Between The Use of Educational Toys and The Educational Outcome For Deaf Children?
Student’s Name
University Affiliation
Abstract
Deaf children always go through challenges in memory tasks. The ability to learn for a variation of purposes is essential to the success of these deaf children, the schools and in the modern society as a whole. This research is aimed at assessing the relationship between learning among the deaf students and the use of educational toys. It seeks to evaluate the null hypotheses that there is a significant association between use of educational toys and the outcome for learning in deaf children. The study will involve ten deaf children, both males, and females. The children's ages will range from 4-6 years. Questionnaires will be used to gain the relevant information and data needed for the research. The study will also use the statistical techniques of regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data. The expected result is that the use of educational toys will play a significant role in the learning and educational outcome of the deaf children. Educational toys are considered to be helpful in the development of the child, language proficiency, creativity, and social development.
Keywords: Information Processing, Cognitive Development, Toys, Deaf Children
Introduction
Significant evidence from various research reveals that deaf children experience challenges in memory tasks. For instance, an article by Eime, Young, Harvey, Charity, & Payne (2013) demonstrated that deaf children are deficient on digit span test and are not able to interact with others children when playing. Children with austere to insightful hearing losses often feel isolated, without associates or friends, and doomed in school, predominantly when their socialization with other kids with the same problem is limited. These social challenges appear to be more recurrent in children with a slight or adequate hearing losses than in those with austere to insightful loss. This is because deaf children are slow learners due to their status. According to another study by Peredo, Owen, Rojas, and Caughy (2015), two factors are contributing to slow learning and communication in deaf children. First, deaf children do not exploit the playing materials and memory aid strategies such as grouping and practice with other kids. Second, despite the deaf children using the memory aid procedures, they may take quite a long time to practice and employ them proficiently. This, therefore, affects the learning and playing processes both in the short and long run.
Additionally, a survey conducted on the relationship between learning among deaf children and play t ...
Understanding the Brain. Final Project - Marina Vedovato.pdfMarinaVedovato
Neurobiology of ADHD
(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Final Project ofUnderstanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life course - University of Chicago.
In light of teaching students with dyslexia and other learning difficulties (LD), neuroscientists claim that
such deficiencies happen due to a neural base, depending on biological and environmental factors, and
experience developing properties and improving reading skills. The research claims two types of dyslexia:
developmental (or innate) and deep (or acquired due to brain traumas or diseases). This article researches
developmental dyslexia (DD), which may be primary and secondary. DD is divided into two main
subtypes: surface and phonological While reading; our brains must "rewire" neural circuits initially used
for other tasks, such as visual and speech processing and attention and cognition. Psycholinguistics
investigates the cognitive process of perception, production, and general use of language. This article
revises teaching English in light of neuroscience, psycholinguistics, and appropriate methods to train
working memory and other ways to overcome DD and its subtypes
Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health condition that is associated with hyperactivity,
impulsivity,
and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can
persist
into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other
hand,
Post-traumatic stress disorder
(
PTSD
) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same
incident
.
Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to learning disabilities are one question that has brought about mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological disorders have also
been raised
(Mason-Allgood, 2005).
However,
the answers are still
debatable.
Background of the study
Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school going children as well as enlightening the generations. A
vast
majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the
education
sector in the best environment possible.
Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery, fatal road accidents, the
demise
of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil wars. These disasters have
far-reaching
effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The stress and trauma are
substantially
reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home and school. The study further
showed
that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting “Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311).
This steps
up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and psychological examination.
Conceptual/Theoretical
Framework
There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child. The Association of Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) recently, implemented a theoretical framework that significantly reviews its guidance for accommodating persons with disability in the higher learning set up (Brock, 2012).
This is
...
Comparison of Executive Functions in Addicted Young People who Referred to Ad...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Background and aim of the study: The present study compares the executive functions between pre-university male students and young addicted people who referred to addiction treatment camps.Method: The study is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study consisted of two groups of 25 male students and young addicted people who referred to addiction treatment camps of Ardebill city in 2014-2015, with coordination of sex, education and public health factors. Data was collected through researcher general health questionnaire for primary screening, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color Word Test and the Wechsler Digit Span subscale. Data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis. Findings of the study: data analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between the executive functions of young addicted people who are in addiction treatment camps and healthy students.Conclusion: According to the gathered results, it’s likely that in addicts young, existence of neuropsychological anomalies such as weakness in executive function of response inhibition, Set shifting and updating of working memory, resulting in their weak performance compared to normal peers in the executive functions.
1Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with OthEttaBenton28
1
Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches
Caroline E Sam
NRNP 6645
Psychotherapy with Multiple Modalities
Assignment week 7
01/15/2022
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https://www.coursehero.com/file/128013930/Comparing-Humanistic-Existential-Psychotherapy-with-Other-Approaches-gwdocx/
2
Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches
Psychologists have developed various theories on human psychology. The Humanist,
existential, and humanist existential models explain the personality changes. The models are
central in therapies as they define how people perceive and accept life challenges. The humanist
model emphasizes the innate goodness in people, while the humanist-existential psychotherapy
model argues that personalities change, and people can develop new attributes based on
circumstances.
Two models: Humanistic-existential psychotherapy and Humanist psychotherapy
Humanistic-existential Psychotherapy
Humanistic Existential Psychotherapy (HE) postulates that the human personality is
dynamic, and changes occur across the lifespan that defines personality at each point
(Hounkpatin et al., 2015). The model integrates humanistic and existentialist approaches. The
humanist perspective claims that human beings are good, while the existentialist proposes that
people are neither good nor bad (Daei Jafari et al., 2020). Integration of the two models creates a
dynamic person capable of actualizing based on situations and strengths. The model is adopted as
a transition from the traditional conception of personality as a stable element that remains
consistent throughout life. The HE models framework asserts that individuals confront and
challenge a meaningless life as they transform their lives into a personality they desire. The
person pursues self-rated health, self-efficacy, psychological turning point, and life satisfaction
that involves a subjective evaluation of an individual’s wellbeing (Hounkpatin et al., 2015).
These components keep an individual driven to improve their lives. Notably, societal norms and
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3
the pursuit of authentic individual-based life goals contribute to an individual’s personality
changes.
There is a constant drive to meet an expectation, which is addressed in the social
investment theory- an investment in institutions such as work, and marriage motivates
personality changes. Notably, the ...
1Comment by Perjessy, Caroline SubstanEttaBenton28
1
Comment by Perjessy, Caroline:
Substance use Anxiety Group Curriculum
Southern New Hampshire University
Clinical Mental Health Counseling Department, COU660
Dr. Caroline P.
Rationale for the group
In Massachusetts, we have several groups for substance use both such as AA meetings and , NA meetings that are held in most area areasjust not a sufficient amount. Some. So me groups are also held at treatment centers by alumni which is a great thing because it will provide members with great responsibility skills. Some of the groups like psychoeducation and 12 steps meetings are mainly for those who are going through andchallenges and have a past with substance use. I plan to hold a group not only for those who have been through it but also withhave family members that are looking for resources and better understanding of the disease. The need for substance use group in the Boston, MassMassachusetts community is in high demand. Although Boston is a wide community where the rent can be high and have good paying jobs, many still struggle s with the everyday life stressors that can lead to excessive drinking. In my community I believe that the need for substance use group can benefit so many specifically those in the poverty area, because they are dealing with these issues every day. Also, due to therapy being frown upon in their environment and some lack the ability to seek professional help. Although some may have the need but will not attend due to therapy being frown upon in their environment. Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: Make sure you are revising for clarity. I know you said this was a draft, so keeping that In mind Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: Revise for clarity
The purpose of substance use group is to help individuals who are have dealing with anxiety and have an underlining issue like anxiety. Substance use clients with underlining issues like anxiety lack coping skills and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Evidence by, the lack of motivation, traumatic event, exposure to violence, withdrawal, and continuing alcohol or drug use. However, the misuse of alcohol not only can lead to neurological as well as anxiety. Several individuals who are actively using have an underlining issue that has cause them to use excessively rather its depression, bipolar, or anxiety. I will be focusing mainly on anxiety. Anxiety can be something that several deal with in silent or out loud, those who have been impacted by the disease either way many are not getting the help they deservemerit. Especially those who have been impacted with the disease For example, not they feeling at time they are not good enoughenough, the uncertainty of their job,; and will they have their job back; doubts about being accepted back into their familywill they have a family after. Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: This is uinclear…how are they dealing with anxiety and have an underlying issue of anxiety?
All those factors are negative im ...
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by different kinds of problems, such aspoor concentration, anti-social behaviour and drug abuse. The first symptoms start appearing in childhood. The majority of ADHD patients suffer from different types of disorders, such as anti-social personality, anxiety and mood disorders (Wilens& Spencer, 2010). ADHD is associated with the development of abnormal structures in the prefrontal cortex (Arnsten& Li, 2005).Moreover, there are differences instructures of brain between patients with ADHD and normal people.Neuroimaging studies have shown reduced white matter volumes and cortical thickness in patients with ADHD (Castellanos et al., 2002). In addition, another neurobiological factor, which contributes to the development of ADHD, is the levels of dopamine (Curatolo, D'Agati, &Moavero, 2010) and the levels of norepinephrine. The dysregulation of norepinephrine and dopamine levels can affect the function of prefrontal cortex.Furthermore, the size of corpus callosum (CC) is smaller in ADHD children (Luders et al., 2009).
Presentation by Rosemarri Klamn, MAPC, CHRP
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EDDE 803: Teaching and Learning in Distance Education
Doctorate of Education in Distance Education
Dissertation Prospectus
How Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contribute to learning disability?
Andre C. Justice
11/11/2016
Argosy University
PSY 492
Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health condition that is associated with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can persist into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other hand, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same incident.
Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to learning disabilities are one question that has brought about mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological disorders have also been raised (Mason-Allgood, 2005). However, the answers are still debatable.
Background of the study
Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school going children as well as enlightening the generations. A vast majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the education sector in the best environment possible.
Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery, fatal road accidents, the demise of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil wars. These disasters have far-reaching effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The stress and trauma are substantially reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home and school. The study further showed that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting “Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311). This steps up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and psychological examination.
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child. The Association of Higher Education and Disability (.
Neurodiversity literature review and research study presentation. ChristineGlass2
Master's thesis presentation on neurodiversity. Cognitive, emotional, and life experiences of autistic adults. Literature review and survey research study.
Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-Being and Self-Esteem among Hearin...inventionjournals
The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem among hearing-impaired students. Data from 36 hearing-impaired students were collected using simple random sampling at the Federation Special Education National Secondary School Penang, Malaysia. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient: Short (EQ-i: S) instrument, Ryff‘s psychological well-being and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were utilised to examine emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem. Dimensions of emotional intelligence consist of intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, and general mood while psychological well-being dimensions consist of selfacceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth. Results indicated a moderate level of emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and self-esteem. Significant positive correlations were found between self-esteem and overall emotional intelligence, overall psychological well-being, emotional intelligence dimensions (intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, and general mood) and psychological well-being dimensions (autonomy and environmental mastery). No significant correlation was found between the four dimensions of psychological well-being namely self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery and personal growth. The findings of this study will enable the education authority to direct their special students in a way that best suits the institution and students goals.
Running head: COMMUNICATION 1
COMMUNICATION 2
What Is The Relationship Between The Use of Educational Toys and The Educational Outcome For Deaf Children?
Student’s Name
University Affiliation
Abstract
Deaf children always go through challenges in memory tasks. The ability to learn for a variation of purposes is essential to the success of these deaf children, the schools and in the modern society as a whole. This research is aimed at assessing the relationship between learning among the deaf students and the use of educational toys. It seeks to evaluate the null hypotheses that there is a significant association between use of educational toys and the outcome for learning in deaf children. The study will involve ten deaf children, both males, and females. The children's ages will range from 4-6 years. Questionnaires will be used to gain the relevant information and data needed for the research. The study will also use the statistical techniques of regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyze the data. The expected result is that the use of educational toys will play a significant role in the learning and educational outcome of the deaf children. Educational toys are considered to be helpful in the development of the child, language proficiency, creativity, and social development.
Keywords: Information Processing, Cognitive Development, Toys, Deaf Children
Introduction
Significant evidence from various research reveals that deaf children experience challenges in memory tasks. For instance, an article by Eime, Young, Harvey, Charity, & Payne (2013) demonstrated that deaf children are deficient on digit span test and are not able to interact with others children when playing. Children with austere to insightful hearing losses often feel isolated, without associates or friends, and doomed in school, predominantly when their socialization with other kids with the same problem is limited. These social challenges appear to be more recurrent in children with a slight or adequate hearing losses than in those with austere to insightful loss. This is because deaf children are slow learners due to their status. According to another study by Peredo, Owen, Rojas, and Caughy (2015), two factors are contributing to slow learning and communication in deaf children. First, deaf children do not exploit the playing materials and memory aid strategies such as grouping and practice with other kids. Second, despite the deaf children using the memory aid procedures, they may take quite a long time to practice and employ them proficiently. This, therefore, affects the learning and playing processes both in the short and long run.
Additionally, a survey conducted on the relationship between learning among deaf children and play t ...
Understanding the Brain. Final Project - Marina Vedovato.pdfMarinaVedovato
Neurobiology of ADHD
(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Final Project ofUnderstanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life course - University of Chicago.
In light of teaching students with dyslexia and other learning difficulties (LD), neuroscientists claim that
such deficiencies happen due to a neural base, depending on biological and environmental factors, and
experience developing properties and improving reading skills. The research claims two types of dyslexia:
developmental (or innate) and deep (or acquired due to brain traumas or diseases). This article researches
developmental dyslexia (DD), which may be primary and secondary. DD is divided into two main
subtypes: surface and phonological While reading; our brains must "rewire" neural circuits initially used
for other tasks, such as visual and speech processing and attention and cognition. Psycholinguistics
investigates the cognitive process of perception, production, and general use of language. This article
revises teaching English in light of neuroscience, psycholinguistics, and appropriate methods to train
working memory and other ways to overcome DD and its subtypes
Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health condition that is associated with hyperactivity,
impulsivity,
and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can
persist
into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other
hand,
Post-traumatic stress disorder
(
PTSD
) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same
incident
.
Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to learning disabilities are one question that has brought about mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological disorders have also
been raised
(Mason-Allgood, 2005).
However,
the answers are still
debatable.
Background of the study
Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school going children as well as enlightening the generations. A
vast
majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the
education
sector in the best environment possible.
Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery, fatal road accidents, the
demise
of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil wars. These disasters have
far-reaching
effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The stress and trauma are
substantially
reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home and school. The study further
showed
that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting “Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311).
This steps
up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and psychological examination.
Conceptual/Theoretical
Framework
There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child. The Association of Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) recently, implemented a theoretical framework that significantly reviews its guidance for accommodating persons with disability in the higher learning set up (Brock, 2012).
This is
...
Comparison of Executive Functions in Addicted Young People who Referred to Ad...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Background and aim of the study: The present study compares the executive functions between pre-university male students and young addicted people who referred to addiction treatment camps.Method: The study is a causal-comparative study. The sample of study consisted of two groups of 25 male students and young addicted people who referred to addiction treatment camps of Ardebill city in 2014-2015, with coordination of sex, education and public health factors. Data was collected through researcher general health questionnaire for primary screening, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color Word Test and the Wechsler Digit Span subscale. Data were analyzed by multivariate variance analysis. Findings of the study: data analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between the executive functions of young addicted people who are in addiction treatment camps and healthy students.Conclusion: According to the gathered results, it’s likely that in addicts young, existence of neuropsychological anomalies such as weakness in executive function of response inhibition, Set shifting and updating of working memory, resulting in their weak performance compared to normal peers in the executive functions.
Similar to 1Developmental Disorders, Learning, and Me (20)
1Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with OthEttaBenton28
1
Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches
Caroline E Sam
NRNP 6645
Psychotherapy with Multiple Modalities
Assignment week 7
01/15/2022
This study source was downloaded by 100000806925124 from CourseHero.com on 04-18-2022 09:34:05 GMT -05:00
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2
Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches
Psychologists have developed various theories on human psychology. The Humanist,
existential, and humanist existential models explain the personality changes. The models are
central in therapies as they define how people perceive and accept life challenges. The humanist
model emphasizes the innate goodness in people, while the humanist-existential psychotherapy
model argues that personalities change, and people can develop new attributes based on
circumstances.
Two models: Humanistic-existential psychotherapy and Humanist psychotherapy
Humanistic-existential Psychotherapy
Humanistic Existential Psychotherapy (HE) postulates that the human personality is
dynamic, and changes occur across the lifespan that defines personality at each point
(Hounkpatin et al., 2015). The model integrates humanistic and existentialist approaches. The
humanist perspective claims that human beings are good, while the existentialist proposes that
people are neither good nor bad (Daei Jafari et al., 2020). Integration of the two models creates a
dynamic person capable of actualizing based on situations and strengths. The model is adopted as
a transition from the traditional conception of personality as a stable element that remains
consistent throughout life. The HE models framework asserts that individuals confront and
challenge a meaningless life as they transform their lives into a personality they desire. The
person pursues self-rated health, self-efficacy, psychological turning point, and life satisfaction
that involves a subjective evaluation of an individual’s wellbeing (Hounkpatin et al., 2015).
These components keep an individual driven to improve their lives. Notably, societal norms and
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3
the pursuit of authentic individual-based life goals contribute to an individual’s personality
changes.
There is a constant drive to meet an expectation, which is addressed in the social
investment theory- an investment in institutions such as work, and marriage motivates
personality changes. Notably, the ...
1Comment by Perjessy, Caroline SubstanEttaBenton28
1
Comment by Perjessy, Caroline:
Substance use Anxiety Group Curriculum
Southern New Hampshire University
Clinical Mental Health Counseling Department, COU660
Dr. Caroline P.
Rationale for the group
In Massachusetts, we have several groups for substance use both such as AA meetings and , NA meetings that are held in most area areasjust not a sufficient amount. Some. So me groups are also held at treatment centers by alumni which is a great thing because it will provide members with great responsibility skills. Some of the groups like psychoeducation and 12 steps meetings are mainly for those who are going through andchallenges and have a past with substance use. I plan to hold a group not only for those who have been through it but also withhave family members that are looking for resources and better understanding of the disease. The need for substance use group in the Boston, MassMassachusetts community is in high demand. Although Boston is a wide community where the rent can be high and have good paying jobs, many still struggle s with the everyday life stressors that can lead to excessive drinking. In my community I believe that the need for substance use group can benefit so many specifically those in the poverty area, because they are dealing with these issues every day. Also, due to therapy being frown upon in their environment and some lack the ability to seek professional help. Although some may have the need but will not attend due to therapy being frown upon in their environment. Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: Make sure you are revising for clarity. I know you said this was a draft, so keeping that In mind Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: Revise for clarity
The purpose of substance use group is to help individuals who are have dealing with anxiety and have an underlining issue like anxiety. Substance use clients with underlining issues like anxiety lack coping skills and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Evidence by, the lack of motivation, traumatic event, exposure to violence, withdrawal, and continuing alcohol or drug use. However, the misuse of alcohol not only can lead to neurological as well as anxiety. Several individuals who are actively using have an underlining issue that has cause them to use excessively rather its depression, bipolar, or anxiety. I will be focusing mainly on anxiety. Anxiety can be something that several deal with in silent or out loud, those who have been impacted by the disease either way many are not getting the help they deservemerit. Especially those who have been impacted with the disease For example, not they feeling at time they are not good enoughenough, the uncertainty of their job,; and will they have their job back; doubts about being accepted back into their familywill they have a family after. Comment by Perjessy, Caroline: This is uinclear…how are they dealing with anxiety and have an underlying issue of anxiety?
All those factors are negative im ...
1
College Student’s Depression
Jasmin Linthicum
Course Discovery Writing
Professor Aguiar
Date Due 02/24/2022
College Student’s Depression
2
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is a common and severe
health issue that affects how someone feels, thinks and acts. The most common symptoms of
depression are; having bad moods and feeling very sad, losing interest in the activities that were
once fun, loss of appetite, which in turn will lead to massive weight loss or gain that is not related
to dieting and difficulty in concentrating, thinking or making decisions (LeMoult & Gotlib, 2019).
People become depressed due to various factors; some of the significant social factors that
bring about depression include; encountering traumatic events, separation from parents or
caregivers and being bullied. Personality some people are inclined towards experiencing
depression. For instance, people who tend to hold worries, have a low-self-esteem, are
perfectionists and are very sensitive towards negative criticism naturally have a higher likelihood
of facing depression.
Depression throughout history has always been a health problem for people. According to
articles written by philosophers and writers throughout humanity's history, there is depression,
which is a health condition. The articles also include some of the continuous struggles that have
been made to find a solution on treating this condition. For instance, the ancient Greeks and
Romans had different thinking on depression. Some of the literature shows that the Greeks had a
notion that depression was a form of evil spirit possession and used exorcism techniques like;
beatings and starvation as "treatments" to cure a person. On the other hand, the Romans thought
depression was a combination of biological and psychological issues and employed gymnastics,
special diet, herbal medicine and music to treat the patients (Taquet et al., 2020).
In our present day, some of the startling statistics concerning depression are; depression
affects approximately one in fifteen adults, that is close to 6.8% annually, and a projection of an
estimated one in six persons will encounter depression at a given point in their life, that is around
Christian Aguiar
All of these statistics come from research, so you need to cite them using an in-text citation like we learned in class. Luckily, we're reviewing them again today (3/17).
Christian Aguiar
Christian Aguiar
This is another place where you need to cite your source. Which literature tells us this?
Christian Aguiar
I like the historical context, Jasmin. This could be a great way to begin the script for your video, too.
Christian Aguiar
Since this is an argument based on research - it draws on what scientists know about depression - you need to make it clear what the source is.
Christian Aguiar
Do you mean "personally, some people are inclined..." or perhaps that "some people's perso ...
1
Close Looking Analysis: Visual ArtArtist’s Self-Portrait AnalysisPoint Value: 80 pts possible
· 80 pts for submitting analysis of the short story to BSP:Assignments by 11:59pm at the end of Module 3—Part 5*
*The analysis assignment will be run through TurnItIn to look for plagiarism, so be sure to leave yourself enough time to review your paper’s “Originality Report” and make any necessary changes before the due-date.
Don’t forget that Tutoring services are available to you.
If you have any difficulty submitting the assignment on Brightspace, consult the Brightspace (BSP) Help Desk
The struggle is inner: Chicano, indio, American Indian, mojado, mexicano, immigrant Latino, Anglo in power, working class Anglo, Black, Asian—our psyches resemble the bordertowns and are populated by the same people. The struggle has always been inner, and is played out in the outer terrains. Awareness of our situation must come before inner changes, which in turn come before changes in society. Nothing happens in the “real” world unless it first happens in the images in our heads.
Gloria Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987)
Introduction
In this part of Module 5, we have been exploring how visual artists and architects interact with borders in their work. Borders inherently establish defined points of view as well as remind us of the limitations and possibilities for transgressing those borders or living in the “borderlands” (Anzaldúa). Consider the images you viewed of the art, architecture, and design found at the physical borders between nations around the world. Could you imagine standing at these different borderlines or in the border spaces? Which borders can you step over? Where can you sit with someone on the other side? Where can you see across? Which ones are completely opaque? Which borders feel unsafe? They feel so different! How are they designed to feel or operate this way?
Then, consider artists and architects who explore borders as themes or principles in their work or who feel themselves to be operating in a border space? (see Marlin-Bennett, Maya Lin) Did any of the artists in our tours of Chicago’s public art use their work to highlight or bump up against the borders of a wall, a neighborhood, a community, the city?
Finally, we turn our attention to self, self-perception, and self-representation. How would you create a portrait of yourself? (Give it a try right now!) How do you express your internal spirit externally? In which ways do you intentionally “present” to the world and in which ways does the world layer an image on to you? When does creating your own image or own story act as resistance to a “single story” misperception? How can a self-portrait be powerful? Consider the story behind Artemisia Gentileschi’s Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting (see Mary Gerrard) and how she used dominant iconography of the time to render a feminist portrait. Almost every other artist you can think of or know personall ...
1
CLA1
Xueyao Dong
Westcliff University
INT 501 EF Concentration:
Purchasing and Human Resources
Professor: Dr. Julia Sherm
Octomber 20, 2021
2
Learning Objectives
This was my third semester at Westcliff University, and I explored a wide range of
helpful strategies and practical techniques that benefited my overall career and life balance.
For instance, the habit of professional journaling helps me release my stress and motivate
myself to keep on track towards my goal.
From week 3, I started to prepare the professional portfolio, and I felt it was an
excellent way to keep a record of my achievements and experiences. From week 5, the
interview exercise taken with the senior manager from my department, I have learned about
her personal experiences and know a little more about strategic leadership. Another valuable
material that I learned from this class is always to be prepared. Before I interview the senior
manager, I prepare additional questions to ask my supervisor and colleagues about my
performance. I was nervous during the interview, but these extra questions helped me come
down and make the conversion more smooth.
At the beginning of this semester, my goal was to improve my communication skills
in the workplace and learn how to be more flexible in dealing with incidents. From week six
course’s video, “I Wanna Be a Human Resources Officer - A Day in the Life of a Human
Resources Officer,” made me see some perspectives of the responsibility of a Human
Resources Officer and provided me some direction to improve my interpersonal skills. I
always find ways to improve my confidence when I communicate with people and learn how
to be an active listener.
Week seven’s video about “Internship Expectations vs. Realities- the Intern Queen”
makes me think about expectations and realities at the workplace. What expectation does the
employer look for, and how should I improve my performance regarding their expectation?
3
Additionally, through this semester, I realized different ways of conveying a message
could have other effects and impact communication effectiveness. During the internship, I
utilized the benefits of a supportive and positive environment.
Taking everything into account, I believe that I made significant progress towards my
goals, and I became more efficient and productive at work.
Internship Experiences
This semester I am considering switching to a new company that will allow me to
practice my professional skills in the area of individual and corporate taxes. Therefore, I
started my journey to submit job applications and prepare for an interview. Finding an
appropriate position that matches my interests and abilities is not an easy task. I felt frustrated
for the first few weeks when I did not get many responses. However, I record all my feelings
and things that I need to work on in my resume and cover letter in my journal. Additionally, I
love to write some inspirational and motivationa ...
1CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One Southern New HaEttaBenton28
1
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
Southern New Hampshire University
Destiny Nance
CJ 550
September 4th, 2022
CJ 550 2-2 Milestone One
A. What are the departments or subdivisions into which your selected organization is divided, and how do these subdivisions work together as a whole in relation to the mission of the organization?
Office of Programs and Re-entry is an organization that focuses on leadership alongside rehabilitative programs ensuring better lives within the community. The organization is divided into four central departments that work together to achieve a common goal. The first department is the Bureau of program development which focuses on the various designs and implementation of risks and needs assessment tools. It also implements other processes and policies key to the restoration alongside rehabilitation of justice to the affected individual within the surrounding.
The second is the department Bureau of Education, which deals with academic and career issues, including technical education and library services (Bell et al., 2018). The third department is the Bureau of Substance Use Treatment which is helpful in dealing with services assisting in the transition period between incarceration and the return to society. The other department is the Bureau of Chaplaincy services dealing with spiritual matters on inmates and offenders. The last department is volunteering with the FDC to assist in a rewarding experience for the citizens. All the departments work together to achieve the organizational goal and mission in leadership and rehabilitation programs that assist the community. Every department has strict policies that make it possible to ensure that it helps the organization achieve its mission.
B. Describe your selected subdivision, and outline the specific goals and responsibilities of the subdivision, describing how they align with the overall mission of the agency. Consider how the goals of the selected subdivision align with the mission of the agency.
The correction officers have a specific function: protecting the community by leading and supervising offenders and reporting the individual who has failed to comply with the regulations to sentencing. Alongside the organizational mission, the correction subdivision has its designed mission. Its mission is to deliver effective service to the community by service diligently while collaborating with other agencies of the criminal justice community (Bell et al., 2018). As such, it serves the community without violating their rights. The detention department ensures people's safety within the community by protecting the surrounding society in various ways, such as establishing safe, secure, and human supervision. It also provides the confinement of inmates by making them follow the law without violation.
However, the subdivision is faced with challenges like the overpopulation of inmates. The inmates are flocked within the organization, thus posing a chall ...
1CLA 1Every organization aims at achieving a cerEttaBenton28
1
CLA 1
Every organization aims at achieving a certain level of performance when it comes to the profitability of the organization. The sales force in any organization is very instrumental towards the performance of an organization as they help push the sales of an organization to the desired level. Organizations must see the value that the salespersons bring to the organization as this impacts the motivation and the productivity of the salespersons (Kuvaas et al., 2017). When a sales team feels that there is value to an organization then they become engaged in their work and perform well. Organizations can show that they value the salespersons by involving them in decision-making, paying them well, and also recognizing achievements.
Skill sets refer to the various abilities and abilities that an individual employee has that enable them to perform according to expectations in an organization. The skill sets vary from the type of sales employee; a salesperson needs more persuasion skills while a sales manager might need more communication skills and leadership skills (Kuczmarski & Kuczmarski, 2019). An organization can ensure that it has the right skill set by ensuring that the recruitment process is thorough and looks at the practical skills of employees as well.
Global sales refer to the sales that an organization makes outside the country where it is located. Global sales skills are important in ensuring that an organization can effectively penetrate an outside market. Global sales skills include understanding the cultural differences and the language of the target nation. A sales team needs to understand what is offensive in other nations such as gestures, body language so that they do not put off customers (Cuevas, 2018). The global sales skill needed by sales managers includes effective communication and an understanding of the trade regulations in different countries. They need to be able to contact customers remotely and manage sales teams in different locations.
The performance of any organization is important as it is an indicator of growth and progress in an organization. When it comes to the performance of employees it is directly related to the rewards system in an organization. Employees need to be motivated to put in extra work in the organization and the easiest way for an organization to motivate employees is to make them feel that they are appreciated and their efforts are recognized. Employees and particularly sales employees work in teams when the performance appraisal is done, it is important that the best-performed employees are rewarded (Asaari et al, 2019). When this is done the other members of the team will be inspired and motivated to increase productivity. An increase in the productivity of an employee translates to the performance of an organization in terms of sales and profitability.
Rewards are multidimensional and exist in different forms and categories in different organizations. The two broad categ ...
1Child Development Observation and ReflectionEttaBenton28
1
Child Development: Observation and Reflection
Lua Shanks
Dr. Edwards
Child Development: Observation and Reflection
80MOD 2 ASSIGN 2
06-27-2021
Child Development: Observation and Reflection
The observation data that I gathered and the process that I used to observe significantly informed my ability to conduct observations in the field. For instance, I learned the most important steps in observation such as familiarizing myself with the subjects and taking note of all the activities that take place since they are all useful in the final analysis. The observation data made me realize the value of being keen during field observations so that no detail is left out.
Some of the questions that emerged during the observation process about the children in the media are whether children have similar developmental capabilities and whether play can be used to rectify a child’s developmental delays. The overall experience of observing made me question teachers’ ability to understand all the unique aspects of child development and how they use them to create unique and engaging learning activities. I experienced the challenge of remaining objective since my personal feelings were consistently influenced by judgments and observations.
As I reflect on the observation process and the overall experience, the question that arises is how infants and young children can exhibit an interest in problem-solving yet their mental faculties have not fully developed. The question exposes the complexity of cognitive development in children since it reveals that children develop cognition from social, emotional, and perceptual experiences.
I would like to know the cognitive capabilities of the children I observed by having one on one sessions with them so that I could test their abilities. I believe that intelligence varies not only in adults but also in children an indication that a child’s developmental milestones are unique and different from that of another child. The only similarities are the age of occurrence for each developmental milestone.
The data that I obtained during my observations deepened my understanding of children’s development and learning. I realized that the developmental domains are interlinked since the development of one domain builds onto another domain. For instance, the development of the social and emotional domains contributes to the emergence of the cognitive domain. I realized that the domains do not operate in isolation but instead strengthen each other as the child develops. I also learned that the environment plays a significant role in a child’s development. For instance, when a child grows up i ...
1
CHAPTER
4
BUSINESS-LEVEL STRATEGY
Chapter 2
The External Environment
Chapter 3
The Internal Organization
Vision
Mission
Chapter 4
Business-Level Strategy
Chapter 5
Competitive Rivalry and Dynamics
Chapter 6
Corporate-Level Strategy
Chapter 7
Merger and Acquisition Strategy
Chapter 8
International Strategy
Chapter 9
Cooperative Strategy
Strategy formulation
Strategic Competitiveness
Above-Average Returns
Chapter 10
Corporate Governance
Chapter 11
Organizational Structure and Controls
Chapter 12
Strategic Leadership
Chapter 13
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Strategy implementation
Analysis
Strategy
Performance
The Strategic Management Process
A-S-P model
Chapter 4:
BUSINESS-LEVEL STRATEGY
Chapter overview:
Defining business-level strategy
Customers: their relationship with business-level strategies
The purpose of a business-level strategy
Types of business-level strategies (link with Value chain and 5 forces)
3
Introduction
Strategy – increasingly important to a firm’s success and concerned with making choices among two or more alternatives. Choices dictated by
External environment
Internal resources, capabilities and core competencies
Examples from gaming industry (King Digital Entertainment vs. EA)
4
Introduction
Business level-strategy – integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions the firm uses to gain a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product markets
Generic strategy – a strategy that can be used by any organization competing in any industry
5
Introduction
6
A firm must use a Business Level Strategy
It is not necessary to use all the corporate level strategies, acquisition, restructuring, international…
From the dry cleaner to the multinational corporation – a firm must choose at least one business-level strategy
The business level strategy is the core strategy - the strategy that the firm forms to describe how it intends to compete in the product market
Introduction
7
In terms of customers, when selecting a business-level strategy the firm determines:
who will be served,
what needs those target customers have that it will satisfy, and
how those needs will be satisfied
Customers: Their Relationship with Business-Level Strategies
8
8
Strategic competitiveness results when firm can satisfy customers by using its competitive advantages
Returns earned are the lifeblood of firm
Most successful companies satisfy current customers and/or meet needs of new customers
Customers: Their Relationship with Business-Level Strategies
9
Five components in customer relationships
1. Effectively managing relationships with customers
Deliver superior value
Strong interactive relationships is foundation
2. Reach, richness and affiliation
Access and connection to customers
Depth and detail of two-way flow of information between firm and customer
Facilitating useful interactions with customers – viewing the world from the customer’s eyes
9
...
1CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR (CBREttaBenton28
1
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL,
RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR
(CBRN) TERRORISM IN
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on 11 September
2001 (9/11) came as a complete surprise, but should not have been
unanticipated. Throughout the 1990s terrorism analysts from both inside
and outside government had been arguing that it was only a matter of time
before the first act of mass destruction terrorism. Yet threat assessments
had increasingly focused on acts of mass destruction terrorism involving
CBRN weapons. This raises questions about why attention was focused on
CBRN weapons when there was a greater potential threat from other forms
of attack. The starting point in searching for the answer to that question is
the history of CBRN terrorism, coupled with the nature of the public and
political debates that have surrounded it. This historical narrative shows that
some terrorist groups in the latter part of the twentieth century have always
been interested in CBRN weapons, with the first decade of significant
terrorist interest in CBRN terrorism being the 1970s.
CBRN Terrorism in the 1970s
Terrorism in the 1970s was dominated by ethno-nationalist separatist or
independence groups such as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
and the Irish Republic Army (IRA) in Northern Ireland. It was also the
decade when radical left- and right-wing political groups in Western Europe
such as the Red Army Faction (RAF) also known as the Baader-Meinhof
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 9/8/2021 10:11 PM via AMERICAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
AN: 355536 ; Benjamin Cole.; The Changing Face of Terrorism : How Real Is the Threat From Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons?
Account: s7348467.main.ehost
6 The Changing Face of Terrorism
gang, and the Red Brigades were operating at their peak. Despite the high
levels of terrorist violence, particularly in the Middle East, security debates
in the West were dominated by the Cold War. Concerns about terrorism
and ethno-nationalist guerrilla movements assumed significance primarily
because of concerns that the Soviet Union was using them as proxies to
de-stabilize democratic regimes and spread communism.
Against this background of heightened terrorist activity, there was
significant, albeit limited, interest among some terrorists groups in using
CBRN weapons. These incidents can be divided into three broad groups:
those where there was a threat to use CBRN weapons but no evidence
that the group involved actually possessed them; incidents where a gro ...
1Child Growth and DevelopmentYohana MangiaficoHousEttaBenton28
1
Child Growth and Development
Yohana Mangiafico
Houston Community College
TECA 1354: Child Growth and Development
Linda Jones
March 26, 2022
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Add one more space between the title and your name.
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Add the department name.
2
My neighbor’s son is a seven-year-old child who has progressed to second grade and is
becoming less reliant on his parents. He is a bright and athletic child who can ride a bike, roller
skate, and play badminton and table tennis. The child is attentive and can read, recount stories,
and do puzzles with ease. He is physically fit, standing 3 feet 12 inches tall and weighing 24
pounds. The body of a child grows and changes as it prepares to become an adult (Papalia &
Martorell, 2018). Seven years is a remarkable age, especially for boys, because it marks the end
of the newborn years and the beginnings of adulthood. He is, nevertheless, going through a
seven-year crisis, a period of change in which the child gains a new perspective on the world. It
enables him to advance to the next stage of his growth. Both at home and on the playground, the
observation was made. This case study is based on observing and analyzing changes in a seven-
year-old boy's physical, psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive development.
The boy spends roughly an hour and a half every day on the playground. He interacts
with the kids, runs with them, jumps, plays the ball, and hangs from the crossbar. The muscles of
the legs, arms, chest, and back are all actively developed, according to the findings. He grows
tough and robust, and he can walk for several kilometers. He can change the speed of his
movement by running slowly or swiftly. He can hop over minor barriers and shift direction
without slowing down while in motion. He can jump forward, up, to the sides, and over tiny
obstacles on one foot. He climbs up and down the stairwell and the rope ladder with ease. The
child has no developmental limitations and can readily hang from the crossbar. He also has no
trouble socializing and communicating with his classmates and other youngsters on the
playground.
Observing him on the playground, it is apparent that the child has reached a high degree
of physical development. He develops strength, endurance, and dexterity needs constant
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Add the heading for Physical Development
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
informal
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Yohana, the introduction should be like those in the Observation papers.
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Title of the Paper
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
7
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
Only report what you actually see the child do, or what the parents/guardians/teacher report.
Linda Jones
57280000000003184
No opinions. Opinions are allowed in the summary portion.
3
exercise. While participating in sports, he understands and respects the rules of team games as
we ...
1
CHAPTER
2
THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT:
OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS, INDUSTRY COMPETITION
AND COMPETITOR ANALYSIS
Opening remarks
Company’s strategic actions are affected by
External environment
Internal environment
External environment is the source of:
Opportunities
Threats
The need for monitoring and analyzing external environment
The pace of change
Complexity
Uncertainty
2
The general, industry and competitor
analysis
3
General environment – broader society dimensions ( 7 dimensions)
Demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, physical and global
Out of firm’s control so must monitor and gather information
Industry environment – factors in competitive environment
Threat of new entrants, power of suppliers, power of buyers, threat of product substitutes, intensity of rivalry among competitors
Firm must assess industry’s opportunities for profit potential
Competitor analysis or competitive intelligence – the way firm’s can gather and analyze information on the industry competitors
Identifying their actions, responses and intentions
These three analyses influence and are influenced by the firm’s vision, mission and strategic actions
The general, industry and competitor environments
4
Three External Environments include:
General
Industry
Competitor
Segments of the general environment
5
DEMOGRAPHIC
Population size
Geographic distribution
ECONOMIC
Nature and direction of the economy in which a firm competes or may compete
SOCIO-CULTURAL
Refers to potential and actual changes in the physical environment and business practices that are intended to positively respond to and deal with those changes
Age structure
Ethnic mix
Income distribution
POLITICAL/LEGAL
PHYSICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
GLOBAL
Arena in which organizations and interest groups compete for attention, resources, and a voice in overseeing the body of laws and regulations guiding the interactions among nations as well as between firms and various local governmental agencies
Concerned with a society's attitudes and cultural values
Includes the institutions and activities involved with creating new knowledge and translating that knowledge into new products, processes, and materials
Includes relevant new global markets, existing markets that are changing, important international political events, and critical cultural and institutional characteristics of global markets
External environmental analysis
6
The objective of this analysis is identification of
Opportunities and
Threats
Opportunity – a condition in the external environment that helps a company achieve strategic competitiveness, if exploited
Threat – a condition in the external environment that may diminish company’s efforts towards achieving strategic competitiveness
The four-step process includes
Scanning
Monitoring
Forecasting
Assessing
1. Scanning
Studying all the segments of the general environment
Early signals of changes an ...
1Chapter Two Literature ReviewStudents NameName of theEttaBenton28
1
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Student's Name
Name of the Institution
Course Number and Name
Professor
Due Date
Privacy Issues in Multi-Tenant Cloud Computing
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Introduction
A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud. Multitenant involves different cloud computing clients using or transferring a single computing infrastructure. This arrangement exposes the clients who have agreed to various privacy issues relating to their data and information stored in the cloud (Al-Ruithe et al., 2018). Evidence indicates that some of the privacy issues involved in multitenant cloud computing include data leakage, data breach, and exposure of the private data relating to clients involved in the agreement. As the number of people using cloud computing balloon, privacy issues are becoming a significant problem for many consumers who use the same cloud computing architecture in a private or public setting. It is essential to define what multitenant cloud entails before developing a clear concept or problem that can be investigated. According to Park et al. (2018), "A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud" (Park et al., 2018). Each tenant's data must be isolated in this cloud computing arrangement and cannot be accessed or seen by the partner tenant. However, the recent growth in technology has made data privacy in cloud computing challenges, posing a big problem to cloud computing providers.
The theoretical foundation for the current privacy issues in multitenant cloud computing is drawn from the study done by Park et al. (2018). According to Park et al. (2018), the most significant privacy issue in multitenant cloud computing is the lack of configurability. Configurability poses a colossal privacy issue in this infrastructure because the tenants have to share the same configuration. However, there is little evidence to provide this theory, and this study will play a significant role in contributing to this theoretical framework (Meng et al., 2021). The purpose of the current study is to investigate privacy and confidentiality issues in multi-tenancy cloud computing. Specifically, in this chapter, studies that have been done in the last five years focusing on this topic will be reviewed through a professional literature review.
Chapter Outline
The current chapter will be structured using headings and subheadings to ensure that each aspect is captured during the literature review. The study will be structured in 12 different sections, of which some may have sub-sections. The twelve sections in the current chapter will include introduction, chapter outline, search strategy, introduction to cloud computing, multi-tenancy cloud computing, and cloud computing deployment models. The other sections will consist of cloud computing service models, ...
1CHAPTER 6 CHINAChinaBook ReferenceTerrill, R. J. (EttaBenton28
1
CHAPTER 6: CHINA
China
Book Reference
Terrill, R. J. (2016). World criminal justice systems: A comparative survey. Routledge.
Concepts to Know
· Kuomintang
· Cultural Revolution
· Deng Xiaoping
· National People’s Congress
· Standing Committee
· The “Mass Line”
· Ministry of Public Security
· Residents’ Committees
· Criminal Detention
· Adjudication Committees
· Political-legal Committees
· Supreme People’s Court
· Basic People’s Courts
· Procuratorate
· People’s Assessor
· Confucians
· Legalists
· Compulsory Measures
· Administrative Regulations
· Labor Camps
· Death Penalty
· Bang-jiao
Introduction
CHINA is an ancient country that has one of the oldest civilizations on earth. Its written history is almost 4,000 years old, and throughout much of its existence, its cultural traditions have had a profound impact on the entire East Asian region. China occupies much of the mainland of East Asia and shares land borders with 14 countries (Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Vietnam). With a geographical area of about 3.7 million square miles, China is slightly larger than the United States (see Figure 6.1). Among the countries of the world, only Russia and Canada are larger in area. Unlike the United States, where almost 20 percent of the land is utilized for agriculture, China cultivates around 10 percent of its land on a permanent basis.
Because of rugged and inhospitable geographical conditions, particularly in the western regions, large areas of China are uninhabited. As a result, approximately two-thirds of the population live along the east coast, which represents about one-fifth of the land. China has long held the distinction of having the world’s largest population at more than 1.3 billion. This figure is greater than the combined populations of Europe, Russia, and the United States. More than 91 percent of the people belong to the Han ethnic group. All of the other ethnic minorities represent less than 1 percent of the population, with the exception of the Zhuang minority at 1.3 percent of the total population.
Approximately 31 percent of the labor force is employed in agriculture and forestry, with industrial and service ventures employing 30 and 36 percent, respectively. Iron, steel, and textiles are among the more prominent industries. In 1978, Chinese leaders initiated a program to modernize agriculture, industry, science and technology, and national defense. Their goal was to achieve a fairly advanced industrialized country by the year 2000. This program was prompted, in part, by the fact that the standard of living had been in a considerable state of decline since the 1950s.
Throughout China’s more recent political history under communism, the state essentially owned the industrial enterprises and commercial ventures of the country. Because people were guaranteed life-long employment, concerns about workforce productivity had been negl ...
1Chapter 9TelevisionBroadcast and Beyond2EttaBenton28
1
Chapter 9
Television:
Broadcast and Beyond
2
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Family run group of 173 stations in 81 markets; affiliated with Fox, ABC, CBS, NBC and Univision
Questions about corporate “must run” messages sent to affiliates brought company into the news
3
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
3
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Required broadcast of conservative commentaries
Biggest controversy was script complaining about “fake news” sent out to all stations to be recorded by local anchors
4
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Invention of Television
Philo T. Farnsworth
1922: diagrams plans for television at age 16
1930: receives patent cathode ray tube
RCA attempted to promote its own Vladimir Zworykin as inventor of TV
1947: Farnsworth’s television patent expires just before TV starts to take off
5
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
5
Beginning of Broadcast Television
1939: NBC starts broadcasting, most sets in bars, restaurants
1942: TV manufacturing suspended for duration of WW II; most stations go off air
Licensing of new TV stations suspended 1948–1952, leaving many cities without television
6
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
6
Lucy & Desi End Live TV
1951: Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz create I Love Lucy
One of the first sitcoms to be filmed, rather than live
Lucy and Desi hold onto syndication rights to the show, still being broadcast today
7
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
7
Color Television
1950s: early experiments in color television
1965: Big Three networks broadcasting in color
NBC peacock logo designed to tell B&W viewers show was in color
Early color TVs cost equivalent of big screen TVs today
8
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
8
Beginning of Cable Television
Community antenna television (CATV)
Early form of cable television used to distribute broadcast channels in communities with poor television reception
Relatively expensive, was source of a good TV signal, not additional programming
9
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
9
Rebirth of Cable
By mid-1970s, FCC began loosening rules on cable companies
1975: HBO starts providing programming nationwide, sending signal to local cable companies via satellite
Key point: HBO could send programming to 1,000 cable companies as cheaply as to one
10
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
10
Ted Turner – Cable Pioneer
1963: inherits failing billboard company from father
1970: buys Channel 17 in Atlanta
Buys Atlanta Braves and Hawks sports franchises to provide programming for channel
Turns Channel 17 into Superstation WTBS in 1976, takes local station national
11
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in ...
1CHAPTER 5 RUSSIARussiaBook ReferenceTerrill, R. J.EttaBenton28
1
CHAPTER 5: RUSSIA
Russia
Book Reference
Terrill, R. J. (2016). World criminal justice systems: A comparative survey. Routledge.
Concepts to Know
· Marxism–Leninism
· Mikhail Gorbachev
· Democratization
· Constitution of the Russian Federation
· President of the Russian Federation
· Federal Security Service (FSB)
· Propiska
· Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
· Judicial Department
· Procuracy
· Defense Counsel
· Justices of the Peace
· Jury
· Material Definition of Crime
· Measures of Restraint
· Plea Bargaining
· Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)
· Commission on Juvenile Affairs
Introduction
THE LONGEST-RUNNING social science experiment of the twentieth century officially ended on December 25, 1991, with the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as president of the Soviet Union. From the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 until Gorbachev’s resignation, the rulers of the Soviet Union had attempted to create a communist society that would be the envy of the world. Support for this goal was continual for more than 70 years, but the sense of purpose and direction began to unravel during the late 1980s. The principal cause for this shift in opinion was Gorbachev’s alternative rationale for achieving socialism. Although his ideas were a radical departure from some of the basic tenets of Leninism, Gorbachev generally favored implementing them incrementally. Nevertheless, disaffection with these ideas became quite pronounced among devoted communists, which led to the attempted coup of August 1991. This was followed by Gorbachev’s resignation and the formal dissolution of the country by year’s end.
The Soviet Union had been composed of 15 republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelorussia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Russia was not only the largest republic in terms of territory and population, but it also dominated the policies of the Soviet Union—so much so that the words Russian and Soviet were often used interchangeably when referring to the foreign and domestic policies of the Soviet Union. Today, Russia is the largest country in the world, almost twice the size of the United States. It encompasses more than 6.5 million square miles that stretch from Eastern Europe through the northern half of Asia. The population of about 139 million has become more urban over the past 50 years. In fact, it has reached about 80 percent of the population— almost an exact reversal of the urban and rural ratio at the time of the 1917 Revolution (see Figure 5.1).
Russia is a federation consisting of six categories of administrative units. These include 21 republics, nine territories, 46 provinces, two federal cities, one autonomous republic, and four autonomous regions. Among these administrative units, the republics have the greatest claim to self-government. Although Russians comprise more than 80 percent of the country’s population, there are some 126 national ...
1Chapter 6Newspapers and the NewsReflections of aEttaBenton28
1
Chapter 6
Newspapers and the News:
Reflections of a Democratic Society
2
When Is It News That an Entire City
Is Being Poisoned By Its Water Supply?
City of Flint, Mich., had high levels of lead in its water after changing from lake to river water
Local journalists say they were slow to respond because officials said water was ok
But local journalists eventually drove the story to receive national attention
3
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
National journalists saw it as heartland story, followed national stories instead
Communities depend on local journalism for news about important local occurrences
When Is It News That an Entire City
Is Being Poisoned By Its Water Supply?
4
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
Early Newspapers
1618: Curanto, published in Amsterdam, is first English-language newspaper
1622: newspapers being published in Britain, distributed through coffeehouses
Followers of church reformers John Calvin and Martin Luther among earliest publishers
5
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
5
Colonial Publishing
1690: Publick Occurrences, first paper published in American colonies
Colonial newspapers subject to British censorship
6
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
6
Colonial Publishing
1721: New England Courant
Published by James Franklin, Ben’s older brother
First paper published without “By Authority” notice; James sent to prison for doing so, Ben takes over publishing paper
7
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
7
Early American Newspapers
Audience primarily wealthy elite
Published by political parties
Focused on opinion, not news
Expensive and had small circulation
Generally bought by prepaid subscription
8
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
8
Penny Press Revolution
Benjamin Day’s idea: The New York Sun – “It shines for all”
Sold on the street for one or two cents
Supported primarily by advertising
9
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
9
Penny Press Revolution
First papers to shift focus on news
Journalistic objectivity developed as a way to appeal to larger audiences
Rise of working class supported penny press growth
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
10
10
A Modern Democratic Society
Rapidly growing number of papers
Growing number of people working for wages
U.S. transforming from rural to urban society
Expanding interest in national and global events
Newspapers promoted democratic market society
People acquire the news “habit”
11
Hanson, Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 7e
SAGE Publishing, 2019
11
Newspaper Wars: Hearst vs. Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World
Creation of the front page
Often staged sensational ...
1CHAPTER 4 SOUTH AFRICA South AfricaConcepts to Know·EttaBenton28
1
CHAPTER 4: SOUTH AFRICA
South Africa
Concepts to Know
· Afrikaner
· Apartheid
· Natives Land Act (1913)
· African National Congress
· National Party
· Group Areas Act (1950)
· Nelson Mandela
· Freedom Charter (1955)
· Truth and Reconciliation Commission
· Ubuntu
· National Assembly
· Public Protector
· Independent Police Investigative Directorate
· S v. Makwanyana (1995)
· Judicial Service Commission
· Law Reform Commission
· Constitutional Court
· Advocates
· Assessors
· Inspecting Judge
· NICRO
· Child Justice Act (2008)
Introduction
SOUTH AFRICA encompasses the southern tip of the African continent. It is the ninth largest country on the continent and the thirty-third largest in the world. Its northern border is shared with Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Its coastline borders the Indian Ocean on the east and south and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. In addition, South Africa surrounds the small country of Lesotho, which is approximately the size of the state of Maryland. Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy that gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 (see Figure 4.1).
The population of South Africa is almost 53 million and consists of 79.5 percent black, 9 percent white, 9 percent “colored,” and 2.5 percent Asian or Indian residents. The use of the word “colored” in the South African context refers to people of mixed race and often is associated with people of African and Dutch ancestry. The principal industries of the country are minerals, mining, motor vehicles, and machinery. South Africa is a significant producer of platinum, manganese, gold, and chrome. Its major trading markets include China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
South Africa has 11 official languages: Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, and Xitsonga. With the exception of Afrikaans and English, the other languages are all Bantu languages. Bantu languages are spoken by more than 100 million Africans in east, central, and southern Africa. Afrikaans is a seventeenth-century variation of Dutch that has been considered a distinct language since the nineteenth century. Approximately 7 percent of the South African population are Afrikaners, that is, people who trace their roots to the early Dutch, French, and German settlers. Most of the English spoken is by nonwhites, along with approximately 2 million English-speaking whites who trace their ancestors to British immigrants and to the 1 million people of Asian/Indian origins.
Throughout the second half of the twentieth century South Africa was associated most with its policy of apartheid, a white supremacist ideology that emphasized white domination and racial discrimination. More will be said about apartheid shortly. First, an outline is offered of the arrival of white Europeans to this part of Africa and the pre-apartheid policies of racial segregation that had been introduced and in practice for a num ...
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. 1
Developmental Disorders, Learning, and Memory
Antonai Fitzgerald
Southern New Hampshire University
PSY-300-H1419 Biopsychology
October 3, 2021
Developmental Disorders, Learning, and Memory
Critical improvements and milestones in the research in the
field of biopsychology, seeking to establish ways through which
the brain and nervous functions influence human behavior.
Developments that have been made are far-reaching,
demonstrating the importance of understanding whether defects
in the brain and nervous systems could the reason behind some
development disorders, their impact on working memory and
2. learning. To narrow down the complex issue of biopsychology,
two development disorders have been selected, hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, which are assessed to establish
how they are related to the brain and nervous system. Scholarly
articles that have extensively covered select development
disorders are reviewed, and research design developed.
Literature Review
According to Moreau and Waldie (2016), development learning
disorders affect children, impairing their experience of learning
in the classroom. Dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) are two learning disorders that are evaluated
by Moreau and Waldie (2016), where they claim they cannot be
linked to the inadequate learning environment or the intellectual
ability of the children but rather to the underlying brain
function. Maturation of the prefrontal areas enables and support
executive function such as reading and cognitive processes. In
the early stages, neural activity may be disorganized and
inefficient which eventually transit to a better efficient system
but when the transition phase is defective, it leads to ADHD and
dyslexia. Further, variation in the cerebral lateralization related
to language processing and executive functions is another
mechanism responsible for dyslexia and ADHD, which
influences learning and working memory (Moreau & Waldie,
2016).
Applying a data-driven, and transdiagnostic approach, Holmes
et al. (2020) assessed cognitive dimensions to the children aged
5-18 years that had been identified to have problems in
attention, learning and working memory. It was established that
learning-related problems and working memory was stronger
and higher for the students with ADHD which are linked to
defective executive function, controlled by the frontal lobes of
the brain (Holmes et al, 2020). Ethical approval was granted to
the researchers, and guardians were involved in providing
written informed consent while verbal assent was obtained from
the children. Therefore, Holmes et al. (2020) provide rich
information demonstrating the influence of the brain and
3. nervous system on human behaviors such as reading and
learning.
In another study which entailed meta-analysis of voxel-based
morphometry studies, it was established that the differences in
the gray matter overlap are associated with dyslexia and ADHD,
and particularly reduced gray matter in the right caudate which
may be relevant to shared cognitive correlates in the executive
functioning (McGrath & Stoodley, 2019). Gray matter in the
brain is instrumental in information processing, where the
neuropsychological level of analysis reveals that aspects of
executive functioning which include working memory and
deficit in the processing speeds are the risk factors for dyslexia
and ADHD (McGrath & Stoodley, 2019). Technology
advancement has been pivotal in biopsychology, noted by the
fact data was visualized using MRIcroGL with ALE maps as an
overlay and the MNI152 brain as the underlay (McGrath &
Stoodley, 2019). Therefore, dyslexia and ADHD are not normal
learning and memory difficulties but are neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Ogundele (2018) outlines social, emotional and behavioral
problems, which are experienced by children with
developmental disorders such as ADHD and dyslexia responding
to the question of behavioral and social influence of said
disorders. Challenging behaviors exhibited by those suffering
from developmental and mental health disorders, disruptive
behavior patterns, etiology and risk factors to children
behavioral disorders are also explored as well as management
and treatment approaches that can be adopted by pediatricians,
widening understanding of development disorders (Ogundele,
2018). Reduced gray matter volume in the amygdala, frontal
cortex, temporal lobes, and the anterior insula is linked to the
neurodevelopment disorders such as dyslexia and ADHD.
In further exploration to establish a connection between
developmental disorders and brain functions through the
framework of neuro-auditory systems, presenting adequate
evidence on how different regions of the brain causes dyslexic
4. and ADHD. Various regions of the brain such as the subcortical,
prefrontal and parietal areas are connected to the auditory
cortex, with sensorimotor synchronization affecting attentive
behaviors (Serrallach et al, 2016). It noted that children
diagnosed with ADHD do have altered brain recruitment for
attention networks, and neural inefficiency contributes to
ADHD and dyslexia disorders, which demonstrates that brain
and nervous systems influence human behaviors such as
learning and working memory, and are linked to developmental
learning disorders. In the study, 147 children were the neuro-
auditory profiles designed by means of structural MRI, MEG,
and psychoacoustics tests (Serrallach et al, 2016). To meet
ethical concerns, research was approved Medical Faculty of an
institution while parents provided informed consent in the
written and children informed assent (Serrallach et al, 2016).
This shows that desired ethical principles in the research were
observed.
Dyslexia origin is traced to the physical location in the brain,
which denotes that developmental of dyslexia relates to the
brain function. Less gray matter in the left parietotemporal area,
and less white matter in the same area, are a notable feature on
the brain that are associated with dyslexia (Hudson, High &
Otaiba, 2007). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),
the method used for imaging brain function, shows a failure of
the left hemisphere rear brain systems to function properly
during reading (Hudson, High & Otaiba, 2007). The study by
Munzer, Hussai and Soares (2020), digs deeper into
neurobiology widening understanding of developmental learning
disorders such as dyslexia are connected to the brain. Taking a
closer look at the neural organization provides an understanding
of neurological disorders. The left inferior frontal region, the
dorsal temporoparietal region, and the ventral occipitotemporal
region form the significant components of the left hemisphere
of the brain, which is crucial for reading. Cognitive
impairments based on the region that is affected, abnormal
functioning of the hub region that connects information between
5. different systems and RSNs, and global reduction in the
neuroplasticity of the brain, are potential causes of dyslexia.
Therefore, studies that have been reviewed demonstrate that the
brain and nervous systems are the origins of dyslexia and
ADHD.
Research Design
In the reviewed literature, the bulk of the research has been on
illustrating causes of ADHD and dyslexia, parts of the brain that
are impaired and neural disorganization that lead to two
neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the question that has
not to be addressed is how failure in the identified brain parts
and nervous systems influence human behavior. Therefore, from
this research gap, a research question has been identified which
is,” How ADHD and dyslexia disorders are linked to the brain
and nervous system and, and how do they influence human
behavior?”
Meta-analysis research design would be adopted, where results
from previous research would be assessed which have used
modern technologies such as fMRI, MRI, MEG system to study
how brain function, and identify defective parts for those with
ADHD and dyslexia. Additionally, social function, human
activities and behaviors that cut across cognitive dimension,
interpersonal relationships and learning behaviors would be
identified which could have been adversely affected when areas
of the brain and nervous systems cause ADHD and dyslexia.
This will help to address a very important question on how
ADHD and dyslexia influence human behavior.
Finally, since this research depends on previous research, it
means that no human subjects would be included in the
research. Instead, previous research from which information
would be obtained and consolidated to conclude must have met
ethical concerns. Notable ethical principles that previous
research must meet include: approval from necessary review
board where human subjects are used, informed consent from
participants that are above 18 years, parent provide informed
consent and subjects informed assent when subjects are lower
6. than 18 years, and protection of subjects from harm. The
sources that have been used in the literature review have been
assessed and found to meet outlined ethical principles.
Therefore, ethical concerns have been adequately addressed.
References
Holmes, J., Guy, J., Kievit, R. A., Bryant, A., Mareva, S., &
Gathercole, S. E. (2020). Cognitive dimensions of learning in
children with problems in attention, learning, and memory.
Journal of Educational Psychology.
https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2020-85078-001.pdf
Hudson, R. F., High, L., & Otaiba, S. A. (2007). Dyslexia and
the brain: What does current research tell us?. The reading
teacher, 60(6), 506-515.
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/dyslexia-and-brain-what-
does-current-research-tell-us
McGrath, L. M., & Stoodley, C. J. (2019). Are there shared
neural correlates between dyslexia and ADHD? A meta-analysis
of voxel-based morphometry studies. Journal of
neurodevelopmental disorders, 11(1), 1-20.
https://jneurodevdisorders.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s
11689-019-9287-8
Moreau, D., and Waldie, K. E. (2016). Developmental Learning
Disorders: From Generic Interventions to Individualized
Remediation. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 2053.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.020 53
Munzer, T., Hussain, K., & Soares, N. (2020). Dyslexia:
neurobiology, clinical features, evaluation and
management. Translational pediatrics, 9(Suppl 1), S36.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7082242/
Ogundele M. O. (2018). Behavioral and emotional disorders in
childhood: A brief overview for paediatricians. World journal of
clinical pediatrics, 7(1), 9–26.
7. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v7.i1.9
Serrallach, B., Groß, C., Bernhofs, V., Engelmann, D., Benner,
J., Gündert, N., ... & Seither-Preisler, A. (2016). Neural
biomarkers for dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the auditory
cortex of children. Frontiers in neuroscience, 10,
324.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2016.003
24/full
RMIT Classification: Trusted
ECON 1016 – Macroeconomics1
Final Assessment ‘Student Template’
Student name
Student number
Assessment Declaration
This is an individual piece of assessment. That means it must be
your own work and you can’t copy or have someone else
complete any part of the work for you.
By submitting this assessment you are declaring that you have
8. read, understood and agree to the content and expectations of
the Assessment declaration.
Signature (take a picture of signature and paste here)
[Note: Delete all the text of the questions and instructions given
in square brackets and simply retain the section headings and
question numbers, when you submit your final document. Read
the instructions document on “submitting the assignment on
canvas”]
SECTION A
[This section contains five questions. Each question is worth 4
marks, with section total of 20 marks. For each question,
explain whether the given statement is true, false or uncertain.
Start your answer by selecting one of the options – “True”,
“False” or “Uncertain” and then provide arguments to justify
your selection (be brief and concise and present your arguments
in 100 or less words). You need to ensure your assumptions are
clear, reasonable, and explicit if making any.]
Question 1
[The world price of oil has risen recently. For Australia (which
is a net exporter of oil), this development will imply that the
CPI will increase roughly by the same amount as the increase in
the GDP deflator.]
9. Answer
Question 2
[ Kylie started her new job as a junior legal assistant i n
prestigious law firm in 2018. She negotiated on a wage contract
where for the next two years (till 2020), her salary was indexed
to rise by 2% each year. In 2019, actual CPI inflation turned out
to be lower than expected. This has negatively affected Kylie’s
purchasing power and she was not able to afford the same
standard of living as before.]
Answer
Question 3
[ Redistribution policies are aimed at addressing economic
inequality. However, these redistribution policies may have the
effect of suppressing economic efficiency and growth?]
Answer
Question 4
[Suppose government allocates more funding to universities for
vaccine research. Assuming no change in government tax
revenue (and any other factor in the economy), this policy is
likely to have a positive effect on private investment in the
economy. Note: Private investment refer to investment in
physical capital by firms and residential investment by
households. (Hint: think about the effect of this policy in
Loanable Funds Market).]
Answer
Question 5
[The saving rate (gross domestic saving as a % of GDP) in
Australia, a small open economy, was 15% in 2011 while the
investment rate (domestic investment as a % of GDP) was 25%.
Consequently, there was trade surplus (when receipts from
exports exceed the expenditure on imports) for Australia in
2011.]
Answer
10. SECTION B
[This section contains three scenario-based questions. Each
question is worth 10 marks, with a section total of 30 marks. All
the questions have 3 subparts. All the questions are
compulsory.]
Question 1
[Singapore government has taken various fiscal policy measures
to manage the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
and support the economy through the pandemic-induced
recession.]
a) [We learnt in the class that fiscal policy measures mainly
work through aggregate demand side of the economy in the
short run. Discuss two macroeconomic effects that can make the
size of the shift in aggregate demand differ from the initial
fiscal expansion. Explain in words (120 or less) and illustrate
using a diagram (4 marks)]
Answer
b) [What is the main macroeconomic variable that can affect the
size of the multiplier and how? (explain in 100 or less words).
Suppose household saving rate (savings as % of GDP) has
increased from 54% in 2019 to 55% in 2020. How would this
affect the size of the multiplier effect (strengthen or weaken)
and why? (2+2 = 4 marks)]
Answer
c) [Using information available in Part (b), calculate the value
of multiplier (for 2020). Suppose the Singapore government had
undertaken fiscal stimulus package (assume it as increase in
government spending) worth $120 billion in 2020. Calculate
11. your forecast of the overall impact of the government’s stimulus
package once the full effects are circulated throughout the
economy. Write a clear sentence explaining how to interpret
this final number. (2 marks) ]
[You can use the value of multiplier rounded off to 2 decimal
places, and present your final answer also rounded off to 2
decimal places. Be sure to show all your working.]
Answer
Question 2
[We learnt in the classes that fiscal and monetary policy
measures are mainly implemented to manage short-term
economic fluctuations, called business cycles. In addition, the
policy makers are also interested in in bolstering the country’s
economic long-term productive capacity, which contributes
towards stronger prosperity and wellbeing.]
a) [A nation’s prosperity is strongly aligned to the productivity
of its labour. What are the main factors (or ingredients) that
determine the productivity of the economy? Which of these
factors pose limitations to growth? Explain (in 120 or less
words for your explanation of all the possible factors in total)
(2+2 marks)]
Answer
b) [We know from the lectures that technical progress
(innovation, ideas, knowledge breakthroughs) can help in
breaking the barriers to economic growth as discussed in part
A). Illustrate the impact of innovation (or technological
breakthrough) in the economy by using any two of the economic
models discussed in the classes. No explanation required,
provide only clearly labelled and self-explanatory diagrams.
[Hint: you can choose among AD-AS Model, Production
Function diagram and /or Business Cycle model] (2+2 = 4
12. marks)]
Answer
c) [List two public policy measures that can foster long term
economic growth (No explanation required.) (2 marks)]
Answer:
Question 3
[Assume, corona virus pandemic has caused major disruption in
global supply chain affecting the supply of critical inputs to
production. This has affected the supply side of Singaporean
economy on the large scale.]
a) [Illustrate the impact of corona virus induced supply side
disruption of the Singaporean economy using AD-AS model.
Carefully explain in 100 words or less highlighting any special
feature of this situation. Assume, economy was initially in
good shape, operating at its potential. (2 + 2 = 4 marks).]
Answer
b) [Following this shock to the economy (as described above),
indicate the response of the central bank in each of the below
referred scenarios, highlighting any trade-off of the central
bank’s actions. (4 marks)
i. Central bank is concerned about inflation.
ii. Central bank is concerned about falling output and rising
unemployment.
Explain policy action and associated trade-offs in each of the
above scenarios (in 75 words or less for each). Diagrammatic
illustration is not required.]
13. ANSWER
c) [Suppose there is no monetary policy intervention (or fiscal
action) to address the fallout of the shock (as described in part
a). In the absence of any policy intervention, what type of free
market adjustment would need to occur for the economy to
eventually return to Y*? (2 marks). (Hint: start from the
scenario you illustrated in answer to part a).
Explain is 100 or less words. Diagrammatic illustration is not
required.]
ANSWER
(End of assessment)
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