Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health condition that is associated with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can persist into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other hand, Post-traumatic stress disorder  ( PTSD ) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same incident . Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to learning disabilities are one question that has brought about mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological disorders have also been raised (Mason-Allgood, 2005). However, the answers are still debatable. Background of the study Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school going children as well as enlightening the generations. A vast majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the education sector in the best environment possible. Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery, fatal road accidents, the demise of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil wars. These disasters have far-reaching effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The stress and trauma are substantially reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home and school. The study further showed that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting “Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311). This steps up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and psychological examination. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child. The Association of Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) recently, implemented a theoretical framework that significantly reviews its guidance for accommodating persons with disability in the higher learning set up (Brock, 2012). This is ...

1. Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (also
Hyperkinetic Disorder in the UK) is a complex mental health
condition that is associated with hyperactivity,
impulsivity,
and inattention and is diagnosed in childhood, but can
persist
into adolescence through to adulthood. On the other
hand,
Post-traumatic stress disorder
(
PTSD
) is a mental health condition that is triggered by horror or
terror through experience or witness of a traumatic event. It is
usually synonymous with flashbacks, nightmares and severe
anxiety, coupled with unmanageable thoughts about the same
incident
.
Mental disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and
their effects on learning have been subjects of discussion over
the periods. The underlying mechanisms of how they add to
learning disabilities are one question that has brought about
mixed reactions among the mental health professionals. Further
questions as to whether they are neurological or psychological
disorders have also
been raised
(Mason-Allgood, 2005).
However,
the answers are still
debatable.

2. Background of the study
Education remains one of the greatest anchors of success in the
world. It provides the keys to career opportunities to school
going children as well as enlightening the generations. A
vast
majority of successful people owe it to education. Parents are
therefore obliged to ensure that their children get the from the
education
sector in the best environment possible.
Our societies are prone to preventable disasters that frequently
occur. The calamities range from parental conflicts, robbery,
fatal road accidents, the
demise
of loved ones to national disasters such as terrorism and civil
wars. These disasters have
far-reaching
effects on children, going beyond the physical into their mental
orientation (Smith, 2010). Some of the children end up in
trauma and stress by such events. Many of the bottlenecks that
we have in our schools are evidence of ADHD (Tiah, 2013). The
stress and trauma are
substantially
reflected in the manner of the decline in the children’s class
performance, being linked closely to these disasters. For
instance, a study revealed a young child with difficulties going
to sleep, experienced a decline in concentration both at home
and school. The study further
showed
that each time he hears a siren he raises the window shouting
“Cops are coming! Cops are coming” (Thomas, 1996 p. 311).
This steps
up the need to put more emphasis on neurological and
psychological examination.

3. Conceptual/Theoretical
Framework
There are very many diagnoses which contain many variables
which impact behavior and particularly the attention of a child.
The Association of Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD)
recently, implemented a theoretical framework that significantly
reviews its guidance for accommodating persons with disability
in the higher learning set up (Brock, 2012).
This is
as a result of increased poor performance and dropout cases,
which
is further attributed
to institutional issues which at times influence the cognitive
ability and attention. However, previous research
has
shown that lack of interest and commitment is a primary motive
for children dropping out of school. The
research
found out that the class is very boring and offers little or no
motivation to the children to work hard (Luft, 2015). For
instance, one of the participants difficult issues examined
previously in the study shows a
lack
of preparedness. On the other hand, similar behavioral
strategies apply when a
complex
issue is more related to task performance.
Literature Review.
Below are the articles revised to help show the relationship that
exists
between learning ability and ADHD or PTSD and further reveal
the gaps that there exist in the study. The absence of focus on
the forethought reflection phases of SRL training is

4. an apparent
gap in this literature. Another
gap
in teaching
reading
is the brain development in children: for example, countries
like
Finland,
which performs exemplary well i
n international tests, including a
test
on reading, don’t begin teaching reading, except when the
children are seven years of age, when their cognitive abilities
are more advanced. The No Child Left
Behind
(NCLB) Act of 2001through its reading first provision tend to
lay emphasis on reading instruction in American schools.
Thus, bridging the gap in test performance between ethnic
minorities and mainstream “white” Americans.
Subsequently, the NRP did not investigate research that
mainly
addressed the bottlenecks encountered by the ethnic minority
students. A good example is English language learners and
students speaking substandard dialects of English (Reyhren,
2008)
Problem statement.
In the recent past, there has been an
alarming rise
in a bad performance
of children as depicted by their declining grades, though being
sufficiently taught at school.
This has
been majorly a course of worry among children, especially,
those whose parents engage in frequent conflicts, or those who

5. have lost their loved ones in the recent past and those
who have experienced a traumatic event such as
civil unrest or robbery with violence.
This has
triggered the need to research on the effects of mental disorder
on the learning capability of children. The research findings
will adversely contribute to the development of a recovery
program to the victims to ensure that exemplary performance
among children
is restored
. The findings may also help in providing a framework to
mitigate these disasters in future.
On the other
hand,
children who
suffer from ADHD
have poor social skills while at school. There has been slow
social development among children with Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity,
which in turn may affect their relationship with their teachers,
hence poor performance. ADHD can also be considered a
possible cause of learning disability among children.
Sample and location
This study targets a
middle
size population of approximately 500 children, part of whom
have suffered
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Post-
traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD
) or are normal. The three groups shall be subject to class
teaching
for
one year then after which they shall be evaluated using a

6. standardized test.
Research questions
Below are the research questions which the study will try to
answer through its findings. The questions will also act as
guidelines to the research project.
To what extent
do
mental disorders such as
a
ttention
d
eficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD) affect learning among school
going,
children?
How does such school going children behave when learning,
especially, in a school setting?
Hypothesis/variable
H
0
: There is no significant difference in school performance
between children who are suffering from mental disorders and
those who are normal.
H
1
: Children suffering from mental disorders perform significantly
worse than the
healthy
ones.

7. Methodology and Design
The
method
used in these
recearchs
is to study three groups of children (Normal children, children
suffering from ADHD and children
suffering from PTSD
) to teaching for one year. The children are then supposed to
be subjected
to sets of standardized tests. The results
are then keyed
in the table below.
Number of children
First Examination
(Average Results)
Second Examination
(Average Results)
Third Examination
(Average Results)
Children with ADHD
Boys
Girls

8. Children with PTSD
Boys
Girls
Normal
Children
Boys
Girls

9. Purpose
of the statement.
The goal of this study is to determine the
extent
to
which mental disorders affect children’s performances in the
examination
and consequently the overall academic excellence in the
society. It aims at exploring how ADHD and PTSD contribute to
a
decline
in performance of children in school.
This is done
through a controlled study of the behavior of affected children
and normal ones in school.
Data Collection method.
The study will use largely depend on primary data collected
through a controlled study of the performance and behavior of
about 500 children. The children to
be employed
in this study are either with a background of
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD
) or are normal. They are to be subjected to a controlled
standard learning and examination to evaluate their performance
within a year. However, the study will also use some secondary
sources of data to

10. assess
other people’s work and identify the gaps.
Data analysis.
Data analysis is the process of analyzing the
information and evaluating the relevant information that can be
instrumental in aiding better decision making (Sivia and
Skilling, 2006). The data collected will be subjected to a series
of statistical tests. These data will
be analyzed
through computation and assessment of various measures from
examination results. These
actions
include
measure
of central tendency, dispersion and other statistical measures
such as mean and modal, using statistical software.
The results of the analysis can then be
used to make a
conclusion
on the hypotheses to establish the truth concerning them. The
results can be used to confirm or reject if there exist any
significant difference in school performance between children
suffering from ADHD and PTSD
, and mentally well children.
u can or not use charts