Jazz originated in New Orleans in the early 1900s among African American musicians. Due to racism and violence, jazz musicians fled New Orleans and spread jazz to other cities like Chicago, New York, and Kansas City in the early 1920s. Popular jazz musicians of the decade included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Jelly Roll Morton. The Charleston dance craze and flapper fashion were also defining aspects of 1920s culture. Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime and speakeasies providing alcohol became popular nightlife spots, though they also had darker sides. The Harlem Renaissance and works by writers like Langston Hughes helped spark a rebirth of African American arts and culture. The Lost Generation writers like T