1) The document discusses assessing options for adaptation, mitigation and risk management at multiple scales, including household, community, national and global levels to understand trade-offs and synergies.
2) It also discusses assessing options across different temporal scales from coping with short-term disasters to adapting to long-term climate changes.
3) Finally, it examines assessing options across different domains of knowledge and approaches, balancing indigenous and scientific knowledge, and balancing technological and social learning approaches.
This is the fifth edition of B-M EMEA's quarterly trends newsletter FUTURE Perspective. This edition focuses on biodiversity, cloud computing, high transparency banking and Death 2.0.
This is the fifth edition of B-M EMEA's quarterly trends newsletter FUTURE Perspective. This edition focuses on biodiversity, cloud computing, high transparency banking and Death 2.0.
Enabling communities to regenerate mountain landscapes in the African HighlandsILRI
Presented by Tilahun Amede at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
EcoHealth in action in Southeast Asia: Results and experiences from six trans...ILRI
Presentation by Jeff Gilbert, Fred Unger, Rainer Assé, Korapin Tohtubtian, Lucy Lapar, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Purvi Mehta at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand Bassam , Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Enabling communities to regenerate mountain landscapes in the African HighlandsILRI
Presented by Tilahun Amede at the Stakeholders’ Workshop on Enhancing Communities’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
EcoHealth in action in Southeast Asia: Results and experiences from six trans...ILRI
Presentation by Jeff Gilbert, Fred Unger, Rainer Assé, Korapin Tohtubtian, Lucy Lapar, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Purvi Mehta at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand Bassam , Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Presentation builds onto National Discussions on Priority Adaptation and Mitigation Actions for Agriculture in the National Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017
More information: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/national-adaptation-planning-event-agriculture#.UhcfJD-LKdk
Andy Jarvis' presentation in the framework of the expert consultation on the ...cwr_use
The expert consultation on the use of crop wild relatives for pre-breeding in potato was a workshop organized by the Global Crop Diversity Trust in collaboration with CIP and took place from the 22nd – 24th of February 2012.
Lessons learned on the achievement of the Joint Program of Climate Change Adaption in the Colombian Massif (Andean Belt Constellation Biosphere Reserve - Cauca Basin) with indigenous and peasant communities to affront the effects of climate change. Presented by Luis Alfonso Ortega at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
The climate-smart village : a model developed by CCAFS program to improve the adaptive capacity of communities
Presented by Dr Robert Zougmoré, Regional Program Leader, CCAFS West Africa. Africa Agriculture Science Week 6, 15 July 2013, Accra, Ghana. http://ccafs.cgiar.org/events/15/jul/2013/africa-agriculture-science-week-2013
Reform in the making: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change and Food Secur...CGIAR
Presentation given by Ruben Echeverria, Director-General, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) at the celebration of the 40th Anniversary of CGIAR, at the FAO in Rome. 2 December 2011
GCARD2: Foresight, projections and issues of Agricultural Research Coordination for future smallholder impact http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
GCARD2: Perspectives, projections et enjeu de la coordination d'une recherche agricole orientée dans le future vers des petits paysans http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
GCARD2 Prospectiva, proyecciones y problemas de coordinación de la investigación agrícola para el impacto futuro de agricultores pequeños. http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
Presented at the 10th European International Farming Systems Association (IFSA) Symposium, 1-4 July 2012 in Aarhus, Denmark.
Ingram, J, Mills, J, Frelih-Larsen, A and Davis, M. (2012). Uptake of soil management practices and experiences with decisions support tools: Analysis of the consultation with the farming community. Deliverable 5.1 http://smartsoil.eu/fileadmin/www.smartsoil.eu/WP5/D5_1_Final.pdf
SmartSOIL Aims to contribute to reversing the current degradation trend of European agricultural soils by improving soil carbon management in European arable and mixed farming systems covering intensive to low-input and organic farming systems.
Two overall aims:
To identify farming systems and agronomic practices that result in an optimized balance between crop productivity and soil carbon sequestration.
To develop and deliver a decision support tool (DST) and guidelines to support novel approaches to different European soils and categories of beneficiaries (farmers, farm advisory and extension services, and policy makers).
This presentation relates to the second of these aims
Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Presented by Robin Mearns (World Bank) at the GL-CRSP "End of Program Conference" on June 19, 2009, Naivasha, Kenya.
Similar to Workshop Trade-off Analysis - CGIAR_19 Feb 2013_CRP 7_Philip Thornton & Lini Wollenberg (20)
1. Assessing adaptation, mitigation and risk management
options at multiple scales
Lini Wollenberg, Philip Thornton
CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Systems tools workshop, Wageningen, February 2013
2. Outline
• CCAFS background
• … at different spatial scales
• … at different temporal scales
• … in different domains (of knowledge,
modes of enquiry, …)
• Concluding remarks
3. CCAFS objectives
1. Identify and develop pro-poor
adaptation and mitigation practices,
technologies and policies for
agriculture and food systems.
2. Support the inclusion of agricultural
issues in climate change policies, and
of climate issues in agricultural
policies, at all levels.
4. The CCAFS Framework
Adapting Agriculture to
Climate Variability and Change
Technologies, practices, partnerships and
policies for:
Improved
1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Environmental Improved
Change Health Rural
2. Adaptation through Managing Livelihoods
Climate Risk Improved
3. Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation Food
Security
4. Integration for Decision Making
• Linking Knowledge with Action
• Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis
and Planning
• Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis
Enhanced adaptive capacity
in agricultural, natural
resource management, and
food systems
5. … different spatial scales
What are the trade-offs and synergies between
benefits and costs (social, economic, nutritional,
environmental) at:
• Household, community levels and
• At national, regional, global levels?
Many examples: new technology production increases product
prices decrease social benefits for urbanites individual producer
disbenefits, so no adoption …
6. Assessing different options at different scales
Importance of iteration; and which are robust?
Global visioning Global impacts
activities
Global Scenarios modelling
Participatory Regional Scenarios Regional impacts
scenario building modelling
Household &
Action research
Farmer/village community
perspectives impacts modelling
7. … different temporal scales
Are there trade-offs between benefits and costs (social,
economic, environmental) between:
• Coping with disasters now (drought, flood)
• Managing seasonal risk
• Adapting to increasing decadal temperatures?
Many pathways to “maladaptation”: actions that increase GHG emissions;
that disproportionately burden the most vulnerable; that have high
opportunity costs; that reduce incentives to adapt; that limit choices
available to future generations (Barnett & O’Neil, 2009)
8. Managing climate risk · 2
>> Indexed crop & livestock insurance
Trade-offs, synergies?
• Avoids cost of verifying
losses
• Overcomes the problems of
moral hazard
• Farmers’ assets are
protected from climate
shocks
• Impacts on longer-term local
prices, local commodity
In indexed insurance schemes, payouts are based on
supply, on the environment?
a meteorological index (e.g., rainfall) correlated with
agricultural losses, rather than on observed losses.
9. Adaptation to progressive climate change · 1
>> Farms of the future
Trade-offs, synergies?
• Sharing knowledge through
cross-site farmer visits and
participatory crop and
livestock trials
• Climate similarity mediated
via socio-economic, politico-
cultural similarities and
differences
Climate analogue tool to identify places • Do longer-term adaptations
whose current climates correspond to the make sense next season?
future of a chosen locality
10. … different domains
• The need to find synergies between mitigation and
adaptation
• The need to balance indigenous knowledge /
experience with new science
• The need to balance technology and process (social
learning …)
11. Social learning tools and approaches
Individual Network System
Facilitating “Search Conferences” (5) Collaborative learning exercise (9) Participatory techniques for
Interaction mentoring farmers’
Role playing games (1, 3) Participatory techniques combined with social representatives (22)
learning approaches (7)
Joint interactive use of a single Coordination platforms,
influence model (3) Facilitating public participation (7) especially at regional level
(18?)
Develop partnerships, engage in action research
(10)
Field visits, virtual role playing, project and policy
simulation exercises (12)
Capturing Framing/reframing exercise (14) Field visits (22)
Lessons
Knowledge Actors Platforms (3) Development of a knowledge network (12) Combining farmer-produced
Manage- resource maps of catchment
Workshops for joint knowledge ICT-tools (14) areas (16)
ment
production (4)
Collective perceptive maps (14)
Card sorting techniques (3)
Hexagon modeling (3)
Simulation Agent based social simulation (3) Future scenarios workshops (8)
Companion Modeling approach (1)
Harvey (2013)
12. Low emissions development· 3
>> Governing mitigation trade-offs in agriculture-
forest landscapes
Trade-offs, Synergies?
• Intensify agriculture to
Food
Security
Livelihoods conserve tropical forests?
• Forest C and ES at expense of
Mitigation and
sustainability
expansion in South, CO2 in North
• Intensification lowers GHG/kg,
but increases inputs and
pollutants
•
13. Rethinking agricultural efficiencies
Test innovations in supply chain Footprint of Analytics
outcomes and
efficiencies Emergent properties
Trade-offs
e.g. sustainability policies, development
investments, agricultural
credit, certification, industry CSR
initiatives, awareness campaigns
Per
ha, kg, person
UVM Gund Institute Initiative (Ricketts, Galford, Mendez, Farley ) with
University of Michigan (Agrawal, Newton)
14. Strategic questions for mitigation
1. How to avoid trade-offs: Low emissions
development
• SAMPLES HH modeling (ICRAF-ILRI-IRRI)
• IIASA- LED priorities
• U. Michigan- jointness of outcomes
15. Strategic questions cont.
2. Land for food v. energy v. forests
• Meeting energy needs: energy-food crop
intermodel comparison (PIK and ILRI)
• Geography of adaptation: impacts of
elevation change by perennial crops (CIAT)
16. Concluding remarks
Priorities for attention
• Develop systems approach to link TO analysis
• Sustainable intensification efficiencies and sustainability
under climate change
• More understanding of options and impacts from (1)
short-to long-term and (2) benefits and costs across
social groups
Challenges
• Costs of measuring multiple dimensions
• Managing process for understanding and applying local
stakeholder values in specific places
Analytically we are comparing multi-outcome "footprints" across types of interventions and their emergent properties (such as vulnerability), as well as looking at the jointness of outcomes (can we have livelihoods, food security and biodiversity at the forest edge?). We will plot pairs of outcomes against each other to identify patterned trade-off relatioonships/functions. We also want to understand the drivers behind outcomes.
The tools we are using are modeling global scenarios (PIK, IIASA), the IMPACT household decision-making model (via Mariana for the SAMPLES protocol-related analysis), GIS and spatial analysis. We are also monitoring projects to assess their empirical outcomes.Protecting Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in the World's WatershedsGlobal priorities for the protection of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Map shows all ecosystem-service indices combined and all biodiversity indices combined (Hotspots, Global 200, and EBA). Watersheds are split into four categories: mutual-high priorities (MHP; red) for protection of both ecosystem services and biodiversity; high priorities for protecting ecosystem services (ESP; blue); high priorities for protecting biodiversity (BCP; green); and mutual-low priorities (MLP; gray/black) for protecting both ecosystem services and biodiversity. White areas are not included in our analysis. Color intensity varies in each category to reflect the quartiles of values in that category with dark-light corresponding with the top-bottom quartiles (Supporting Information).