This document provides a timeline of key events between 1865 and 1895 in the United States. It describes the expansion of the cattle industry in Texas and the drives of cattle to markets, conflicts between Native American tribes and white settlers over land, the gold rush in the Black Hills and its effects, the Ghost Dance movement among Native Americans, and the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. It also discusses immigration to the US through Ellis Island and Angel Island on the West Coast, the growth of cities and urban poverty, and prominent inventors and innovators like Edison, Bell, and Bessemer during this period.

1. 1865-1895 Timeline
By Sydney Davidson

2. Great Plains (1832) Chief Joseph(1840)
• The Vast Grassland that extends
through the central portion of
North America, from Texas to
Canada, east of the Rocky
Mountains
• A Nez Perce chief who, faced
with settlement by whites of
tribal lands in organ, led his
followers in a dramatic effort to
escape to Canada.

3. HomesteadAct (1862) Nez Perce(1877)
• Offering 160 acres of land free to
any citizen or intended citizen
who was head of the household.
Native American people living in
the pacific northwest region of the
United States.

4. Exoduster(1862-1990) Buffalo Soliders(1866)
• African Americans who moved
from the post-reconstruction
south to Kansas
• The name given by the Plains
Indians to the four regiments of
African Americans, and more
particularly to the two cavary
regiments, that served on the
frontiers in the post civil war
army.

5. Sand Creek Massacre Transcontinental Railroad
(1864) (1887)
• One of the most tragic events
occurred. Most of the Cheyenne
assuming they were under the
protection of the U.S.
Government, had peacefully
returned to Colorado’s Sand
Creek Reserve for the winter.
• A contiguous network of railroad
trackage that crosses a
continental landmass with
terminals at different oceans or
continental borders.

6. Sitting Bull(1868) George Armstrong
Custer(1864)
• Tatanka Tyotanka, leader of the
Hunkpap Sioux, had neversigned
it. Although the Ogala and
bruleSioux did sign the treaty
they expected to continue using
their traditional hunting
grounds.
• Reported that the black hills had
gold “from the grass roots
down” a gold rush was on.

7. Battle Of Little Big Assimilation (1800’s)
Horn(1876)
• The Battle Of Little Big Horn fought on June
25,1876,near the Little Big Horn river in
Montana Territorty, Pitted federal troops led
by lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong
Custer against a band of Lakota Sioux and
Cheyenne warriors.
• A plan under which Native Americans would
give up their beliefs and way of life and
became apart of the white culture.

8. Dawes Act(1887) Ghost Dance(1890)
• Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to
“Americanize” the Native Americans
• Was a new religious movement incorporated
into numerous Native American belief
systems

9. Wounded Knee(1890) Longhorns(1865)
• The seventh cavalary-custer’s old
regiment-rounded up about 350
starving and freezing Sioux and
tookl them to a camp at
wounded knee creek in South
Dakota.
• Were sturdy,short-tempered
breeds accustomed to the dry
grasslands of southern Spain.

10. Poll Tax(1879) Long Drive (1800’s)
• An annual tax that had to be paid before
qualifying to vote. Black as well as white were
often to poor to pay the pool tax.
This overland transport of the animals often
lasted about 3 months. A typical drive included
one cowboy for every 250 to 300 head of cattle.

11. Homesteader(1862) Soddy (1850)
• Settlers on this free land, private
speculators and railroad and
state government agents
sometimes used the law for their
own gain.
• Those who moved to the flat
plains often made free standing
houses by stacking blocks of
prairie turf. Soddies were small,
however offered little light.

12. Oliver Kelly Bimetallism(1887)
(1867)
• Started the patrons of
Husbandry, an organization for
framers the became popularly
known as the Grange.
• Monetary system in which the
government would give citizens
either gold or silver in exchange
for paper currency or checks.

13. Grange(1870’s) William
McKinley(1896)
• Its original purpose was to
provide a social outlet and an
educational forum for isolated
farm families
• The Republican party started its
firm commitment to the gold
standard and nominated William
McKinley for president.

14. William Jenning Bryan Grandfather Clause
(1890) (1895)
• Editor of the Omahla World-
Herald, delivered an
impassioned address to the
assembled delegates.
• The clause stated that even if a
man failed the literacy test or
could not afford poll tax, he was
still entitled to vote if his father,
his grandfather had been eligible
vote before January 1,1867.

15. Segregation(1870’s-
Debt Peonage(1867) 1880’s)
• A system that bound laborers
• At the same time that blacks lost
voting rights, southern states
passed segregation laws to
separate white and black people
in public places and private
facilities.
into slavery in order to work off
a debt to the employer.

16. Samuel Gompers Eugene v Debs(1884)
(1886)
• Led the Cigar maker’s
International Union to join with
other craft unions
• Made the first major attempt to
form such an industrial union-the
America Railway Union

17. Socialism(1848) Ellis Island(1892)
• Carried to its extreme form in
the overthrow of the capitalist
system.
• Castle Garden, New York which
was later moved to Ellis Island in
New York, New York Harbor.
About 20% of the immigrants at
Ellis Island were detained for a
day or more before being
inspected.

18. Jim Crow Laws Angel Island(1890)
(1877)
• These laws became know as Jim Crow
Laws after a popular old minstrel song
that ended in the words “jump, Jim
crow”. Racial segregation was put into
effect in schools, hospitals, parks, and
transportation systems through the
south.
• About 50,000 Chinese
Immigrants entered the United
States through Angel Island.

19. Jacob Riis(1870) Dumbell Tenements
(1879(
• He is considered to be one of
the fathers of photojourlism
• Were made in response to a new
law passed, it stated that every
inhabitable room must have at
least one window for fresh air to
come in

20. Settlement Houses Joseph Pulitzer
(1800’s) (1883)
• Community centers in slum
neighborhoods that provided
assistance to people in the area,
especially immigrants.
• A Hungarian immigrant who had
bought the New York World in
1883, pioneered innovations,
such as a large Sunday edition,
comics, sports coverage, and
women’s news.

21. Sweat Shops(1830) Collective Bargaining
(1891)
• Often have poor working
conditions, unfair wages,
unreasonable hours, child labor,
and lack of benefits for workers
• Negotiation of wages and other
conditions of employment by
and organized body of
employees

22. Mugwumps(1884) Vanderbuilt Family
(1877)
• A person who remains aloof or
independent, especially from
panty pilitics
• An American family of Dutch
origins that was prominent
during the glided age

23. Culture Shock(1868) “Cross Of Gold
Speech”(1896)
• The difficulty people have
adjusting to a new culture that
differs from their own
• Was delivered by William
Jenning Bryan, a former United
States Representative from
Nebraska, at the Democratic
National Convention

24. Greenbacks Colored Farmer’s
(mid 1800’s) Alliance(1886)
• A slang term for U.S. paper
dollars
• Southern alliance did not allow
black farmers to join the
alliance. A group of black
farmers decided to organize
their own alliance.

25. National Farmer’s Omaha Platform
Alliance(1870-1880) (1892)
• An organized agrian economic
movement among American
farmers
• Was the party program that
adapted at the formative
convention of the populist party
held in Omaha, Nebraska.

26. Urbanization(1890) Graft(1878)
• Growth of cities, mostly in the
regions of the northwest and
midwest
• The illegal use of political
influence for personal gain

27. Political Machine Kickback(1857)
(1875)
• An organized group that
controlled the activities of a
political party in a city.
• The payment of something of
value to an individual with the
goal of persuading or influencing
his or her decision or
performance in a certain
situation.

28. Tammany Hall Tweed Ring
(1868) (1869-1871)
• New York City’s powerful
Democratic Political Machine
• Led the tweed ring, a group of
corrupt politicians, in defrauding
the city.

29. Patronage(1869) Civil Service(1855)
• The giving of government jobs to
people who had helped a
candidate get elected.
• Government administration-should
go to the most qualified
persons. Reformers believe.

30. Fredrick Law Olmsted Bessemer Process
(1857) (1850)
• Spread the movement for
planned urban parks.
• Developed independently by the
British manufacture Henry
Bessemer and the American iron
maker William Kelly

31. Thomas Alva Edison Alexander Graham Bell
(1876) (1848)
• Became a pioneer on the new
industrial frontier when he
established the worlds first
research laboratory in Menlo
Park, New Jersey
• Born in Scotland to penniless
parents, he came to this country
in 1848 at age 1. Six years later,
he worked his way up to become
private secretary to the local
superintendent of the
Pennsylvania Railroad.