This document discusses a study investigating class tardiness among first-year chemical engineering students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP). It begins with acknowledging those who assisted with the study and providing an abstract. The introduction defines tardiness and discusses how it can impact students' academic performance. A literature review explores definitions of tardiness and insights from previous studies, which found that overcrowded halls, inconsistent tardy policies, and irrelevant course content can contribute to tardiness. The study aims to investigate tardiness at UTP based on three hypotheses: that it is common, associated with poor academic performance, and often due to sleeping late.
QTR 2, MODULE 2- TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES.pdfJoviParani3
This module discusses traditional techniques used in creating Philippine contemporary art. It defines technique as the manner in which artists use and manipulate materials to achieve their desired effects and communicate concepts. Some traditional Philippine techniques mentioned are wood carving, molding of clay, weaving of fabric, and basketry methods like coiling, plaiting and twining. The module provides examples of artworks created using these techniques and emphasizes how materials influence the techniques applied. It aims to help learners identify different techniques in contemporary Philippine art.
The document provides a summary of Module 1 from the Grade 11 Career Guidance Manual. It discusses the following key points in 3 paragraphs:
[1] The module introduces students to different career clusters and professions through an activity where they design costumes representing different tracks. It aims to help students identify factors that affect their career choices.
[2] The main activity discusses a story where the main character's career choices were influenced by personal factors like interests and abilities as well as family influences. The students reflect on how these factors may affect their own choices.
[3] A lecturette then outlines various personal, family, and social factors that can influence career decisions according to different career theories. It also explains the
Lesson in Introduction to Philosophy of Human Person
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
The document discusses the evolution of contemporary art in the Philippines from the 1900s to present. It was influenced by four colonial periods which introduced styles like Renaissance and Baroque. Contemporary art emerged after World War 2 during times of protest. Modernism developed diverse artistic expressions. In the late 1980s, postmodernism appeared and emphasized borrowing from existing styles to create new works. Postmodernism blurred divisions between high and low art and used a variety of materials and sources. Today, Filipino contemporary artists continue to address social issues through participatory works celebrating Filipino identity and roots.
Contemporary art in the Philippines reflects the country's diverse identity and complex social issues. Filipino artists portray subjects and use mediums in innovative ways that express Philippine culture and history, which has been influenced by colonial powers. A key contemporary artist, Ronald Ventura, is known for paintings that blend styles like realism and graffiti in layers that represent the multifaceted Philippine identity. Contemporary architecture has also emerged with a Filipino style seen in modernized traditional forms. A pioneer in landscape architecture, Ildefonso Santos designed parks and outdoor spaces that incorporated local plants and design elements. Philippine sculpture also continues traditions from ancestral carvings while adapting to modern themes.
QTR 2, MODULE 2- TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES.pdfJoviParani3
This module discusses traditional techniques used in creating Philippine contemporary art. It defines technique as the manner in which artists use and manipulate materials to achieve their desired effects and communicate concepts. Some traditional Philippine techniques mentioned are wood carving, molding of clay, weaving of fabric, and basketry methods like coiling, plaiting and twining. The module provides examples of artworks created using these techniques and emphasizes how materials influence the techniques applied. It aims to help learners identify different techniques in contemporary Philippine art.
The document provides a summary of Module 1 from the Grade 11 Career Guidance Manual. It discusses the following key points in 3 paragraphs:
[1] The module introduces students to different career clusters and professions through an activity where they design costumes representing different tracks. It aims to help students identify factors that affect their career choices.
[2] The main activity discusses a story where the main character's career choices were influenced by personal factors like interests and abilities as well as family influences. The students reflect on how these factors may affect their own choices.
[3] A lecturette then outlines various personal, family, and social factors that can influence career decisions according to different career theories. It also explains the
Lesson in Introduction to Philosophy of Human Person
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
The document discusses the evolution of contemporary art in the Philippines from the 1900s to present. It was influenced by four colonial periods which introduced styles like Renaissance and Baroque. Contemporary art emerged after World War 2 during times of protest. Modernism developed diverse artistic expressions. In the late 1980s, postmodernism appeared and emphasized borrowing from existing styles to create new works. Postmodernism blurred divisions between high and low art and used a variety of materials and sources. Today, Filipino contemporary artists continue to address social issues through participatory works celebrating Filipino identity and roots.
Contemporary art in the Philippines reflects the country's diverse identity and complex social issues. Filipino artists portray subjects and use mediums in innovative ways that express Philippine culture and history, which has been influenced by colonial powers. A key contemporary artist, Ronald Ventura, is known for paintings that blend styles like realism and graffiti in layers that represent the multifaceted Philippine identity. Contemporary architecture has also emerged with a Filipino style seen in modernized traditional forms. A pioneer in landscape architecture, Ildefonso Santos designed parks and outdoor spaces that incorporated local plants and design elements. Philippine sculpture also continues traditions from ancestral carvings while adapting to modern themes.
Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge about social and cultural phenomena. It involves the researcher identifying meanings and relevance through intense involvement. Some key characteristics include emerging design, flexibility, holistic perspective, and ongoing data analysis. The phases of qualitative research include an orientation overview phase, focused exploration of the phenomenon, and confirmation and closure to establish trustworthy findings. Data collection methods commonly used are interactive interviewing, written descriptions, and observation.
This document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as "looking for something again" to improve existing ideas. Research aims to verify existing knowledge, acquire new knowledge, apply new knowledge, and advance the researcher's expertise. There are three main types of research: exploration, description, and explanation. Research must be realistic, logical, cyclical, analytical, objective, critical, and replicable. It involves identifying a research problem, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. The characteristics of a successful researcher include being research-oriented, efficient, scientific, effective, active, resourceful, creative, honest, economical, and religious.
Human Activities that Affect the Quality and Quantity of the SoilAila Cordero
The document discusses three main human activities that can affect soil quality and quantity: farming, construction of structures, and waste disposal. Farming can have both positive and negative effects on soil through practices like tillage, use of pesticides and veterinary medicines, application of fertilizers and manures, and crop irrigation. Construction activities can degrade soil quality through erosion and sedimentation. Waste disposal contaminates soil with hazardous chemicals that can harm plants and humans. The document also provides examples of conservation practices like no-till farming, use of buffer strips, and maintaining soil pH.
Lesson 9 citing benefits and beneficiaries of research studymjlobetos
This study on the effects of task-based language teaching on second language acquisition in college freshman students has several potential benefits and beneficiaries. The study could make language teachers more aware of task-based language teaching and how tasks can be used as pedagogical tools. It may also help students recognize the usefulness of English for communication and understanding course content. Additionally, the administration may be encouraged to include faculty development on improving teaching competence. Textbook writers and curriculum developers could also benefit by incorporating task-based approaches.
PDQ of Group 3 for ENTREP Class.
The group observed several Turon vendors and decided on what new product we can create on base on what these vendors are currently doing.
American Period to Post War Republic (CPAR 11/12)John Labrador
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
American Colonial Period (1898-1940)
Japanese Colonial Period (1941-1945)
Post War Republic (1946-1969)
Featured:
Notable artists and their artworks
Distinct historical events
Artistic concepts and techniques
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) - Digital Citizenship, Netiquette, Digit...Arniel Ping
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) - Digital Citizenship, Netiquette, Digital Footprints, and Digital Issues
Topic: Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information (Part 2)
Learning Competencies
1. explain digital citizenship, netiquette, and digital footprints (SSHS);
2. demonstrate proper conduct and behavior online (netiquette, virtual self) (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg18);
3. Identify some of the digital issues in the Philippines (SSHS);
4. put into action personal resolve to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg19)
5. explain actions to promote ethical use of media and information (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg22)
6. enumerate opportunities and challenges in media and information (MIL12LESI-IIIg-23)
This document contains titles for potential research projects. The research titles cover a wide range of topics related to the impacts of COVID-19, such as the pandemic's effect on small businesses, students' self-learning skills, and family relationships during community quarantine. Other topics include the influence of packaging and branding on consumer behavior, the relationship between chess and math skills, and feasibility studies for various sustainable energy and agriculture projects.
The Philippine film industry has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1897. It has grown to become the most popular art form in the country, outpacing other art forms in gaining widespread public acceptance across the Philippines. Early films ranged from silent movies to talkies and black and white to color. By the early 1980s, there were over 1,000 movie theaters nationwide and an estimated 2.5 million moviegoers in Metro Manila alone. This document provides background on the history of Philippine cinema from the 1930s to 1990s, examining how films have influenced and reflected Philippine culture. It outlines the purpose to document important events, films and trends that have shaped the industry over the past 90 years. However, sources are limited for the early
Current And Future Trends in Media and Information - Media and Information Li...Mark Jhon Oxillo
The document discusses various emerging technologies including telemedicine, augmented reality, smart home devices, computer vision, haptics, contextual awareness, voice recognition, artificial intelligence, eye tracking, internet glasses, wearable technology, 3D environments, and ubiquitous learning. Many of these technologies aim to enhance interactions between users and computers through touch, sight, location awareness and adaptive, personalized experiences. They may be applied across fields such as healthcare, education, transportation and public services.
How to make research paper chapter 5: Summary, Consclusion and RecommentationJhenie Relampagos
This study examined the status of teaching science in the high schools of Province A. The descriptive research method was used along with a questionnaire to survey 59 science teachers and a sample of students. The findings showed that over half of teachers were not science majors and less than half were BSE graduates, indicating most teachers were not qualified to teach science. It was concluded that teaching of science in the high schools of Province A was weak due to teachers lacking qualifications and inadequate science facilities. Recommendations included acquiring more facilities and further research to verify the findings.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the RegionsNoel Banca
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture. The document then profiles several influential Filipino artists such as Fernando Amorsolo, Hernando Ocampo, Benedicto Cabrera, Carlos Francisco, Cesar Legaspi, and others known for works depicting Philippine culture and scenes as well as more abstract styles of painting and sculpture that modernized Philippine art.
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document reviews literature on factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It summarizes 24 papers and reports from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include transportation issues, parenting responsibilities, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Some theorists see lateness as a personality trait.
2) One study found that 3 out of 60 students were always late due to late-night social media use, while another study found that a middle school's policies inadvertently facilitated chronic lateness.
3) Lateness is disruptive as it interrupts lessons and distracts other students. The document recommends further research to better understand lateness patterns and effective strategies for
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a review of factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It reviewed 24 papers on the topic from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include poor time management, late bedtimes, family issues, cultural differences, illness, lack of consequences for lateness, fatigue, emotional challenges, and logistical issues.
2) Strategies for dealing with lateness discussed in the literature include clearly outlining attendance policies, discussing issues with students, dealing privately with disruptive students, understanding motivations, documenting incidents, and addressing problems immediately.
3) While several factors for lateness were identified, the literature on effective strategies was limited
Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge about social and cultural phenomena. It involves the researcher identifying meanings and relevance through intense involvement. Some key characteristics include emerging design, flexibility, holistic perspective, and ongoing data analysis. The phases of qualitative research include an orientation overview phase, focused exploration of the phenomenon, and confirmation and closure to establish trustworthy findings. Data collection methods commonly used are interactive interviewing, written descriptions, and observation.
This document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as "looking for something again" to improve existing ideas. Research aims to verify existing knowledge, acquire new knowledge, apply new knowledge, and advance the researcher's expertise. There are three main types of research: exploration, description, and explanation. Research must be realistic, logical, cyclical, analytical, objective, critical, and replicable. It involves identifying a research problem, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. The characteristics of a successful researcher include being research-oriented, efficient, scientific, effective, active, resourceful, creative, honest, economical, and religious.
Human Activities that Affect the Quality and Quantity of the SoilAila Cordero
The document discusses three main human activities that can affect soil quality and quantity: farming, construction of structures, and waste disposal. Farming can have both positive and negative effects on soil through practices like tillage, use of pesticides and veterinary medicines, application of fertilizers and manures, and crop irrigation. Construction activities can degrade soil quality through erosion and sedimentation. Waste disposal contaminates soil with hazardous chemicals that can harm plants and humans. The document also provides examples of conservation practices like no-till farming, use of buffer strips, and maintaining soil pH.
Lesson 9 citing benefits and beneficiaries of research studymjlobetos
This study on the effects of task-based language teaching on second language acquisition in college freshman students has several potential benefits and beneficiaries. The study could make language teachers more aware of task-based language teaching and how tasks can be used as pedagogical tools. It may also help students recognize the usefulness of English for communication and understanding course content. Additionally, the administration may be encouraged to include faculty development on improving teaching competence. Textbook writers and curriculum developers could also benefit by incorporating task-based approaches.
PDQ of Group 3 for ENTREP Class.
The group observed several Turon vendors and decided on what new product we can create on base on what these vendors are currently doing.
American Period to Post War Republic (CPAR 11/12)John Labrador
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region
American Colonial Period (1898-1940)
Japanese Colonial Period (1941-1945)
Post War Republic (1946-1969)
Featured:
Notable artists and their artworks
Distinct historical events
Artistic concepts and techniques
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) - Digital Citizenship, Netiquette, Digit...Arniel Ping
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) - Digital Citizenship, Netiquette, Digital Footprints, and Digital Issues
Topic: Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and Information (Part 2)
Learning Competencies
1. explain digital citizenship, netiquette, and digital footprints (SSHS);
2. demonstrate proper conduct and behavior online (netiquette, virtual self) (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg18);
3. Identify some of the digital issues in the Philippines (SSHS);
4. put into action personal resolve to combat digital divide, addiction, and bullying (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg19)
5. explain actions to promote ethical use of media and information (MIL11/12LESI-IIIg22)
6. enumerate opportunities and challenges in media and information (MIL12LESI-IIIg-23)
This document contains titles for potential research projects. The research titles cover a wide range of topics related to the impacts of COVID-19, such as the pandemic's effect on small businesses, students' self-learning skills, and family relationships during community quarantine. Other topics include the influence of packaging and branding on consumer behavior, the relationship between chess and math skills, and feasibility studies for various sustainable energy and agriculture projects.
The Philippine film industry has evolved significantly since its introduction in 1897. It has grown to become the most popular art form in the country, outpacing other art forms in gaining widespread public acceptance across the Philippines. Early films ranged from silent movies to talkies and black and white to color. By the early 1980s, there were over 1,000 movie theaters nationwide and an estimated 2.5 million moviegoers in Metro Manila alone. This document provides background on the history of Philippine cinema from the 1930s to 1990s, examining how films have influenced and reflected Philippine culture. It outlines the purpose to document important events, films and trends that have shaped the industry over the past 90 years. However, sources are limited for the early
Current And Future Trends in Media and Information - Media and Information Li...Mark Jhon Oxillo
The document discusses various emerging technologies including telemedicine, augmented reality, smart home devices, computer vision, haptics, contextual awareness, voice recognition, artificial intelligence, eye tracking, internet glasses, wearable technology, 3D environments, and ubiquitous learning. Many of these technologies aim to enhance interactions between users and computers through touch, sight, location awareness and adaptive, personalized experiences. They may be applied across fields such as healthcare, education, transportation and public services.
How to make research paper chapter 5: Summary, Consclusion and RecommentationJhenie Relampagos
This study examined the status of teaching science in the high schools of Province A. The descriptive research method was used along with a questionnaire to survey 59 science teachers and a sample of students. The findings showed that over half of teachers were not science majors and less than half were BSE graduates, indicating most teachers were not qualified to teach science. It was concluded that teaching of science in the high schools of Province A was weak due to teachers lacking qualifications and inadequate science facilities. Recommendations included acquiring more facilities and further research to verify the findings.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the RegionsNoel Banca
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture. The document then profiles several influential Filipino artists such as Fernando Amorsolo, Hernando Ocampo, Benedicto Cabrera, Carlos Francisco, Cesar Legaspi, and others known for works depicting Philippine culture and scenes as well as more abstract styles of painting and sculpture that modernized Philippine art.
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document reviews literature on factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It summarizes 24 papers and reports from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include transportation issues, parenting responsibilities, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Some theorists see lateness as a personality trait.
2) One study found that 3 out of 60 students were always late due to late-night social media use, while another study found that a middle school's policies inadvertently facilitated chronic lateness.
3) Lateness is disruptive as it interrupts lessons and distracts other students. The document recommends further research to better understand lateness patterns and effective strategies for
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a review of factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It reviewed 24 papers on the topic from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include poor time management, late bedtimes, family issues, cultural differences, illness, lack of consequences for lateness, fatigue, emotional challenges, and logistical issues.
2) Strategies for dealing with lateness discussed in the literature include clearly outlining attendance policies, discussing issues with students, dealing privately with disruptive students, understanding motivations, documenting incidents, and addressing problems immediately.
3) While several factors for lateness were identified, the literature on effective strategies was limited
This study examines the experiences of two college professors integrating technology into their classrooms. The professors teach at East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania. Data was collected through individual interviews with each professor, observations of their classes, follow-up interviews after observations, and a focus group interview. The study aims to understand the actual experiences of these professors in integrating technology, how their teaching theories influence technology use, their understanding of technological pedagogical content knowledge, and their levels of innovativeness. Previous research has focused less on college professors' perspectives, and this study provides insights into the challenges and benefits of technology integration from their point of view.
Examining the Flipped Classroom ApproachAmrita Ahuja
This document examines the flipped classroom approach including benefits and drawbacks. The flipped classroom allows students to watch lectures at home and do homework in class through active learning activities. Benefits include students learning at their own pace, increased academic achievement and critical thinking skills, and more efficient use of class time. However, drawbacks are reliance on student motivation to complete out-of-class work, potential challenges for exams if learning material at different paces, and heavy reliance on student access to technology to view lecture videos. The document concludes that the flipped classroom shows potential benefits but also drawbacks, so teachers should experiment to find the best approach for their students.
Academic Performance Of University Students A Case In A Higher Learning Inst...Joshua Gorinson
This document summarizes a research paper that studied factors influencing the academic performance of university students. The research identified four main factors - teaching and learning process, infrastructure of the university, family and peers influence, and students' financial situation. A survey was conducted of students in their 4th and 5th semesters, and the data was analyzed using statistical methods. The results found that the teaching and learning process had the highest impact on students' academic performance and graduation on time. The research concluded that improvements could be made to teaching methods, student support, and assistance for financially disadvantaged students.
150
Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE October 2014 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 15 Number: 4 Article 8
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION and BEHAVIOR
of ACADEMIC INTEGRITY:
A Case Study of a Writing Forum Activity
Visara EKAHITANOND
Language Institute
Bangkok University, THAILAND
ABSTRACT
The use of online tools such as forum has helped instructors develop courses that are
engaging and challenging. However, instructors want to ensure that all students
maintain academic integrity when they were assigned to work in an online community.
This paper investigated students’ perception and behavior of academic integrity in an
online discussion forum. Data were collected from 160 students enrolled in a
fundamental English course who were assigned to post and respond to the topics in a
forum. A survey was administered to measure how students perceived ‘academic
integrity’ as well as to investigate students’ experience of violating academic integrity. A
semi-structured interview was further conducted with the involved participants to find
out the reasons behind their performance. The findings revealed that students perceived
some misconduct actions as not cheating, leading to behaviors of academic dishonesty.
As such, students should be informed more about what they can or cannot do in order not
to commit academic dishonesty.
Keywords: Academic integrity, online discussion, learning management system
INTRODUCTION
Technological skill, besides English language competence, is another vital qualification
expected for Thai graduates. They are required to employ information and
communications technology in data analysis, information receivability, and presentation
skills. Therefore, most educational institutions offer further supports on the use of
computer technology as a learning tool and medium. The incoming of technologies in
computer networking facilitates language instructors to alter their practice in computer
uses in classroom. Numbers of on-line tools like e-mails, synchronous CMC, and
discussion forums are more implemented in languages courses. The Internet, of course,
promotes autonomous learning (Chapelle, 2001).
Learning Management Systems (LMS) refers to server-based software that administrates
access and provides on-line learning resources via a standard web browser. Blackboard
and Moodle are commonly used in tertiary education (Schroeder, Minocha, & Schneider, 2010).
151
Most instructors consider the tools applicable and helpful for students’ learning,
activities, testing, practice, access to materials, scoring, keeping tracks, and receiving
feedback from teachers and peers. A discussion forum is a widely recognized tool in the
LMS. Instructors and learners can share their opinions on the electronic platform and
interchange .
This study aims to investigate the effects of distractions that students bring to class, such as cell phones, laptops, headphones, and backpacks, on student grades. The researcher hypothesizes that students who bring more than just notes and writing materials to class will be more distracted and achieve lower scores on quizzes about that day's class material. Randomly assigned students from basic undergraduate courses will be quizzed after class to test their understanding of material presented that day. The questions will range from basic to more complex. Analysis of quiz scores will examine the relationship between distractions and student learning.
Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Technology Use by ProfessorsCathy Yang
This report is about Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Technology Use by Professors. It is based on the result of a survey conduct at SUNY potsdam in 2013.
WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVE FUNCTIONS AND BENEFITS OF CELL PHONES FOR STUDENTS?IJITE
Taiwanese College students bring their own cell phones in the English classroom and teachers may become overwhelmed with these technology trends. This study aims to provide a realistic perception of the hidden meanings of the use of mobile devices in English class settings and the benefits it can bring to the students. For this purpose, two conventional classes of fourth year license degree in the Department of Travel Management were the respondents. The students’ schooling experiences were clarified with a student
satisfaction questionnaire, their values highlighted with an interview, and their social interactions explained with observations of the two classes. The results of this study show that, even though they were not used to working collaboratively in small team-work groups, Taiwanese students were highly likely to develop a collaborative learning style that utilizes emails and internet connections matching their learning
needs and motivations and optimizing their academic success.
What are the Alternative Functions and Benefits of Cell Phones for Students?IJITE
Taiwanese College students bring their own cell phones in the English classroom and teachers may become
overwhelmed with these technology trends. This study aims to provide a realistic perception of the hidden
meanings of the use of mobile devices in English class settings and the benefits it can bring to the students.
For this purpose, two conventional classes of fourth year license degree in the Department of Travel
Management were the respondents. The students’ schooling experiences were clarified with a student
satisfaction questionnaire, their values highlighted with an interview, and their social interactions
explained with observations of the two classes. The results of this study show that, even though they were
not used to working collaboratively in small team-work groups, Taiwanese students were highly likely to
develop a collaborative learning style that utilizes emails and internet connections matching their learning
needs and motivations and optimizing their academic success.
1. The document discusses student absenteeism in secondary schools and its negative impacts. It explores the factors that contribute to absenteeism and aims to find solutions to reduce its occurrence.
2. Absenteeism disrupts students' learning, leads to lower academic performance, and can cause psychological and behavioral issues. It also sets a bad example for other students.
3. The study seeks to determine the key factors for absenteeism in secondary schools and identify actions teachers, parents, and administrators can take to address it. The goal is to help all stakeholders understand the problem and work together to find solutions.
This document summarizes a study that examined student perceptions of synchronous distance education courses delivered via video conferencing. The study found that student perceptions changed during and after the course. Initially, students did not have much information about synchronous distance education and had some preconceptions. However, as the course progressed and students experienced the opportunities it provided, their perceptions became more positive. The main technical problems identified were disconnections, sound issues, and limited camera angles, which distracted students. Non-technical factors like the teacher, environment, course duration and type also impacted student perceptions.
This document discusses several factors that can affect students' academic achievement and experiences in university, including:
1) Teacher-student relationships, with research showing this relationship significantly impacts student success. Effective teaching methods, understanding student perspectives, and providing encouragement and feedback are important.
2) Sleep, as insufficient sleep decreases concentration, attention, and memory retention, hindering academic performance. Many students do not prioritize sleep.
3) Commuting, as long or difficult commutes reduce time available for studying and focus.
4) Working jobs during studies, which mostly impacts non-academic aspects like socializing, according to some research, though it can also strain academic performance.
ACADEMIC PRESSURE EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS PURSUING DISTANCE EDUCA...Joshua Gorinson
This document provides a rationale and proposal for a research study on the academic pressure experienced by senior high school students pursuing distance education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how the pandemic has increased academic demands and caused stress. The study aims to determine the factors causing academic pressure, how it affects performance and well-being, how students deal with pressure, and how they manage it in distance learning. The review of related literature discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of academic pressure on performance. The proposal significance is that it will help students, parents, teachers and future researchers understand and address academic pressure.
Differences in procrastination and motivation between underg.docxlynettearnold46882
Differences in procrastination and motivation between undergraduate and graduate studentsLi Cao1
Abstract: Procrastination became increasingly prevalent among students in recent years. However, little research was found that directly compares academic procrastination across different academic grade levels. The present study used a self-regulated learning perspective to compare procrastination types and associated motivation between undergraduate and graduate students. Sixty-six undergraduate and sixty-eight graduate students responded to a packet of questionnaires concerning their experience in an educational psychology class. The results show that students’ beliefs about the usefulness of procrastination were a better predictor of academic procrastination than self-efficacy beliefs and achievement goal orientations. Student age was related to procrastination types. Among the undergraduate procrastinators, the younger students were more likely to engage in active procrastination while the older students tended to engage in passive procrastination. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Keywords: procrastination, motivation, self-regulated learning, college students
I. Introduction.
Despite considerable research describing negative consequences, procrastination has become increasingly prevalent among university students in recent years (Harriort & Ferrari, 1996; Knaus, 2000; Steel, 2007). Procrastination refers to the lack or absence of self-regulated performance and the behavioral tendency to postpone what is necessary to reach a goal (Knaus, 2000). Procrastination has long been viewed as a self-handicapping behavior that leads to wasted time, increased stress, and poor academic performance (Özer, 2011; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984; Tice & Baumeister, 1997; Wang & Englander, 2010). Research demonstrates that academic procrastination impacts both undergraduate and graduate students.
Over 70% of undergraduate students admitted to procrastinating on their academic tasks (Ellis & Knaus, 1977; Schouwenburg, 1995), while more than 50% of them procrastinated consistently and problematically (Day, Mensink, & O’Sullivan, 2000; Ferrari, O’Callaghan, & Newbegin, 2005). Most recently, Klassen, et al. (2010) reported that about 58% of their undergraduate participants “report[ed] spending three hours or more per day in procrastination” (p. 372). Solomon and Rothblum (1984) found that undergraduate students procrastinated more often when writing term papers (46%) than when reading weekly assignments (30%) and studying for examinations (28%); and that (self-reported) fear of failure and task aversiveness were the two main reasons why undergraduate students procrastinated. Research shows that undergraduate student procrastination is related to gender, laziness, and difficulty in making decisions (Özer, Demir, & Ferrari, 2009; Schouwenbury, 2004), perfectionism and control
1 Department of Educational Innovation University of .
Students attitudes towards physics in primary and secondary schools of Dire D...Premier Publishers
The focus of this study was about higher secondary and primary school students’ attitude towards physics subject. The population of this study was some of the higher secondary and primary schools students of Dire Dawa administrative city (Ethiopia), however due to time constraints and convenience students from three government secondary schools, 2 Private secondary schools and l1 government and private schools were taken as convenience sample for this study. The study revealed that students were very much unsatisfied from the physics teacher methodology moreover students have considered physics as difficult subject and developed negative attitudes on the calculation part of the subject. The result also revealed that girls are more attracted on physics subject when they at primary than secondary schools, like grade 9 and 11.
This document presents a research proposal that aims to investigate the implications of using iPads in the classroom setting. Specifically, it will examine the impact of iPads on classroom management, student attention levels, and understanding/retention of topics. The research will observe three classes of different grade levels and interview six teachers to understand their perspectives. Data collection will involve note-taking during observations and recording classes, as well as a teacher questionnaire and interviews. The findings will be analyzed to help answer the research question of whether iPads are a valued teaching tool or an unnecessary distraction.
This document discusses several factors that can influence student academic performance based on a review of related literature. It discusses internal classroom factors like student competence, class size, and external factors like family problems. It also discusses how social interaction plays an important role in cognitive development according to Vygotsky. Several studies found attendance has a positive correlation with performance, though a causal relationship cannot be determined. Physical activity is important for health and may positively impact classroom behavior and performance. Emotions and motivation also influence learning.
Khushi Saini, An Intern from The Sparks Foundationkhushisaini0924
This is my first task as an Talent Acquisition(Human resources) Intern in The Sparks Foundation on Recruitment, article and posts.
I invitr everyone to look into my work and provide me a quick feedback.
LinkedIn Strategic Guidelines for June 2024Bruce Bennett
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173017396 class-tardiness-docx
1. 1
Investigating the Phenomenon of Class Tardiness among
the First Year First Semester Chemical Engineering
Students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP)
Chong Li Feng
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
(Undergraduate student: Academic Writing)
E-mail: esther94feng@gmail.com
Tel: 010-2790993
Choo Ee Huey
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
(Undergraduate student: Academic Writing)
E-mail: eehueyc@gmail.com
Tel: 016-5960069
Loh Jie Qian
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
(Undergraduate student: Academic Writing)
E-mail: jieqianloh@gmail.com
Tel: 016-5980589
Phua Yun Hock
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
(Undergraduate student: Academic Writing)
E-mail: austinpyh3658@gmail.com
Tel: 010-9625627
2. 2
Acknowledgement
The success and final outcome of this assignment required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are extremely fortunate to have got this all along the
completion of our assignment. Whatever we have done is only due to such guidance and
assistance and we would not forget to thank them.
We owe our profound gratitude to our responsible and great lecturer, Ms Gurdip Saini
for giving us an opportunity to do the assignment. The support in which you gave truly provided
great assistance in the progress and the smoothness of this assignment. It is indeed our pleasure
to receive your informative guidance during this whole semester. Besides that, this project had
inculcated the value of being cooperative as a team member in us and we had definitely
acquired a brand new experience. Besides that, great appreciation goes to the course mates
whom helped us from time to time during the implementation of this assignment by helping us
to fill in the questionnaires leading to our success in producing the findings.
Abstract
Generally, class tardiness is defined as students not attending lecture on time and not
being present in the time set. After attending lectures for a period of time, students start getting
to know how the lectures are conducted and therefore assume that there will be no constructive
activities happen for the first few minutes of the lectures. Class tardiness influences the students
themselves as well as others. As is generally known, students who possess regular attendances
tend to achieve better results as success is related to one’s punctuality. Students who are late to
class will also cause class disruption to other students. Indeed, many previous researchers
indicated that class tardiness among the students is a common phenomenon. Some of the
researches mentioned that students who are tardy tend to achieve lower grades compared to
others and sleeping late is the main reason. Therefore, this research will further investigate the
phenomenon of class tardiness among the first year first semester Chemical Engineering
students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP). Throughout conducting this research,
quantitative method which is a set of questionnaire was used. The results hence indicated that
class tardiness among first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at UTP is a
common phenomenon. In conclusion, it can be seen that the three hypotheses made is accepted
after carrying this research.
Keywords: Class tardiness, students, academic, punctuality, UTP
3. 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Free Dictionary (2003) mentioned that “tardiness” implies a situation where an
individual is coming, occurring or remaining after correct, usual or expected time (as cited in
Malik, Ladhani, & Bhamani, n.d.). Thus, the term “class tardiness” has been defined as students
coming late, not attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period and
primarily not being present in the time set (Malik et al., n.d.). One of the major causes of
lateness is going to bed late because it could result in waking up late and insufficient rest for
the lesson on the next day (Nakpodia & Daflaghor, 2011; Paren, 2012). Besides, lateness is
caused by innate anxiety level of an individual (Nakpodia & Daflaghor). Sprick and Daniels
(2007) stated that there are no positive incentives to be on time as students assume that there
will be no constructive activities happen for the first five minutes of the class. The lack of
functional and effective punctuality policy (Nakpodia & Daflaghor; Sprick & Daniels) too
causes tardiness. As there are no immediate consequences for being tardy and nothing will
happen until the tenth incident (Sprick & Daniels).
Many researchers have indicated that class tardiness is a serious issue. U.S. Department
of Education, National Center for Educational Statistic (1998) reported that the amount of time
actually spent in the classroom is crucial element of student’s academic success (as cited in
Moore, n.d.). Wheat (1998) mentioned that students who possess regular attendances to school
tend to achieve higher grades compared to those students who are frequently absent (as cited
in Jones, 2006). Students are forced to abstain from the chances to learn (National Center for
Educational Statistic; U.S. Department of Education) and lose the instructional time of great
importance (Dinkes, 2007; eCampus.net, 2008; Marzano, 2000; Shupe, 1998; U.S. Department
of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics) when they are absent from school,
arrive late, or cut class (as cited in Moore). Wheat mentioned that a student will find it arduous
to pick up what is being taught in the school in his absence unless he engages in off campus
productively (as cited in Jones, 2006). The learning of students who go to class on time is also
regularly interrupted by tardy or frequently absent students who cause class disruptions (Dinkes;
eCampus.net; Marzano; Shupe; U.S. Department of Education, National Center for
Educational Statistics) and intervene with other student’s chances to learn (U.S. Department of
Education, National Center for Educational Statistic).
4. 4
Studies have shown that one of the greatest concern among stakeholders in education
is tardiness issue. Class tardiness, a phenomenon not so serious fifty years ago, has become an
educational crime these days. This study would therefore further investigate the phenomenon
of class tardiness among the first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) based on the following research hypotheses:
(i) Class tardiness among first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at
UTP is a common phenomenon.
(ii) Students with high rate class tardiness perform poorly in academic.
(iii) The main reason for class tardiness among first year first semester Chemical
Engineering students at UTP is due to sleeping late.
5. 5
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of Class Tardiness
Most of the sources define “tardiness” with similar concept.
Literally, the term “tardiness” implies a situation where an individual is late in
happening or arriving (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010). Breeze et al. (2010)
further suggest that the term tardiness is synonymous with “lateness” (as cited in Nakpodia &
Daflaghor, 2011), which implies arriving after the expected, arranged or usual time (Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010). Besides, Free Dictionary (2003) defines tardiness as
coming, occurring or remaining after correct, usual or expected time (as cited in Malik, Ladhani,
& Bhamani, n.d.).
Therefore, the term “class tardiness” has been viewed as students coming late, not
attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period and primarily not being
present in the time set (Malik et al., n.d.). Similar definition is given by Weade (2004) that is
being late for any measurable length of time past the stated or scheduled start time for school.
2.2 Insights on Class Tardiness
There are a few researchers which directly enquire some respondents regarding the
tardiness of students such as administrative, teachers, parents and students.
Damico et al. (1990) stated that one of the students’ perceptions on their tardiness is the
overcrowded hall due to the population of students (as cited in Weade, 2004). On the other
hand, Moore’s (2010) research on the perception of students on class tardiness is found to be
the same in which the administrators and students expressed the same opinion. They agree that
crowded hall is the one of the causes of tardiness (Moore).
The inconsistency of the tardy policy caused students to feel that they are treated
without fairness as a lot of teachers did not follow the tardy policy consistently (Moore, 2010;
Weade, 2004). Woog (1992) reported that students will not comply with the policy when
teachers makes their own policy of compulsory attendance which does not work in a consistent
way (as cited in Docstoc.com, n.d).
6. 6
Weade (2004) also found that the irrelevant course content caused students to become
not interested in attending the courses. To further elaborate on this issue, Moore’s research on
the teachers’ perspective showed that the parental apathy to their own jobs might have
influenced the students’ behaviour and action regarding the “irrelevant” course content.
In most of the tardiness cases, the students come late to class and therefore cause
interruption to the whole class. From the teachers’ perspective, this phenomenon causes the
progress of the student who come late to be incoherent with other students (Malik, Ladhani,
&Bhamani, n.d.). Malik et al. further elaborated that quite a few teachers will tend to ignore
them in order to make sure the momentum of class remain smoothly. Weade (2004) mentioned
that class participation has become a behaviour which linked to school achievement and
dropout rate. In 1963 a background paper stated that irregular attendance and serious tardiness
may be predicted at least five years before the students are dropped out (Weade).
2.3 Causes of Class Tardiness
There are numerous causes of tardiness to class. Amongst others, the following are the
major causes of tardiness.
Going late to bed is one of the major causes of lateness because it could result in waking
up late and insufficient rest for the lesson on the next day (Nakpodia & Daflaghor, 2011; Paren,
2012). Ukoshi (2004) suggests that individual involved in watching films and home videos
may be so captivated and hypnotized by it that he/she forgets that he/she has to be in schools
and may not be punctual (as cited in Nakpodia & Daflaghor). In fact, students need 8-10 hours
of sleep to have a keener sense of understanding the lessons throughout the day (Paren, 2012).
Besides, lateness is caused by innate anxiety level of an individual (Nakpodia &
Daflaghor, 2011). Nakpodia and Daflaghor claim that most of the people who are always late
have relax mind in anything they do and they do not care if they are running late or not. Sprick
and Daniels (2007) claims that there are no positive incentives to be on time and no constructive
activities happen for the first five minutes of the class, giving students the impression that they
won’t be missing anything if they are late.
Distance and location is also one of the factors leading to class tardiness (Nakpodia &
Daflaghor, 2011). This is very normal in university life, especially. The further the location of
7. 7
the class, the more distractions, obstacles like friends to say hi to, hold-ups to beat and go-
slows are there to hinder student’s punctuality (Nakpodia & Daflaghor).
Another cause is the lack of functional and effective punctuality policy (Nakpodia &
Daflaghor, 2011; Sprick & Daniels, 2007). There are no immediate consequences for being
tardy and nothing will happen until the tenth incident (Sprick & Daniels). Obviously,
individuals could come late if they know that there is no consequences on it (Nakpodia &
Daflaghor).
Students are products not only of their school but also of their community, and most
especially their home environment (Weade, 2004). Statistics shows that majority of the school
children from single family or two working parents’ home, where no one is available to
maintain the child’s punctuality and regularity (Malik, Ladhani, & Bhamani, n.d.). This
statement is supported by Featherstone et al. (1992) who believe students from intact, two-
parent families had fewer absences and tardies (as cited in Weade). This phenomenon becomes
worse when come to university as no one is control the student’s life.
2.4 Disadvantages and Consequences of Class Tardiness
Sprick and Daniels (2007) state that tardiness is one of the most frustrating problems in
classroom nowadays. Some of the teachers claim that waiting for student to straggle in in the
first four to eight minutes is a waste of time (Sprick & Daniels, 2007). Beards George (1881)
claims that ‘A delay in few minutes might delay the hope of lifelong’ (as cited in Moore, 2010).
Therefore, there are a few disadvantages and consequences of class tardiness among students
which are produces distraction to the individual and the whole class (Nakpodia & Dafiaghor,
2011), leads to students failure in school (Weade, 2004) and causes stress to teachers (Moore,
2010).
Tardiness among students tends to rob away the precious instructional time of the
teachers and students (Sprick & Daniels, 2007) and these students who are tardy causes
disruption to class and interfere with other students’ opportunities to learn (Moore, 2010). Tyre,
Feuerborn and Peirce (2011) state that teachers must continuously restarting their instruction
or delaying the beginning instructional periods when most of the students are tardy at the
secondary level. U.S. Department of Education and national Center for Educational Statistics
(1998), Shupe (1998), Marzano (2000), Dinkes (2007) and eCampus.net (2008) all agree that
8. 8
the students’ valuable instructional time is constantly taken from them on a daily basis and
many suffer because of student tardiness (as cited in Moore).
Furthermore, excessive tardiness has constituted the 3rd most common reason for
students to fail in schools (Weade, 2004; Young, Reddehase, Andrade, & Lambert-Lindley,
2011). Young et al. stated students who are in class on time and behaving well are more likely
to be actively engaged in their studies. In contrary, it can be seen that students who are tardy
tend to score low grades and produce less GPA during assessments and finals (Malik, Ladhani,
& Bhamani, n.d.). Weade also mentions those low-achieving Hispanic high school students
have the common characteristics of having low attendance and habitual tardiness. Besides that,
Malik et al. and Weade agree that tardiness will cause students to be dropping out from school
and leading students to have behavioral problem (Malik et al.).
Xiaofeng (2007) states that one of the factors which causes stress to teachers is student
tardiness (as cited in Moore, 2010). In addition, Xiaofeng claims that student tardiness can
cause teachers to detract from the teaching environment and eventually lead to their resignation
from the teaching field (as cited in Moore) as teachers are irritated by the number of classroom
disruptions (Moore). Sprick and Daniels (2007) further claim that the range of teachers’
individual responses is from ignoring them to sending them to the office and this may cause
confusion to the students about the importance of punctuality in class. Furthermore, Peter Davis,
principal of Hill Classical Middle School in Long Beach, California, says that ‘Tardiness
suggests school is not important.’ (Sprick & Daniels).
2.5 Present Solutions Carried Out to Reduce Class Tardiness
Malik, Ladhani and Bhamani (n.d.) stated that student reward system and dismissal of
policy of physical punishment are remedies to the chronic tardiness. This can be revised by
adopting dual differing perspectives which are theoretical perspective and cultural perspective
(Malik et al.). The betterment in students’ school behaviour and practices can be achieved by
offering them reward as well as incentives such as homework passes (Malik et al.). This works
as stimulus induced by a positive event will leads to positive responses and positive
reinforcement takes place due to the increase in reward, which strengthen the stimulus and
prevents the reoccurrence of the undesirable behavior. From the cultural perspective, Malik et
al. mentioned that the practice of corporal punishment in Pakistani context is eliminated and
9. 9
replaced with the mode of praise and appreciation as the valuation of students enable them to
develop a desirable change in their behaviour.
According to Muir (2005), the effective approaches to the tardiness issue can be
categorized into two which are behavior modification approach and the needs- based approach.
Needs-based approach focuses on recognizing, accessing and referring serious offenders to
proper services such as support groups; searching of solutions through brainstorming with
parents; establishing free breakfast programs; ameliorate the standard of the instructional
program through joint efforts with teachers; changing to block scheduling; interdisciplinary &
integrated curriculum; and equipping students with chances to voice out their concerns which
is useful to the school operation (Muir). The implementation of a behavior modification based
approach intervention program known as Behavior Modification Program comprised of
strategies such as providing cards for daily time sign-in, encouraging prompt attendance with
points which is exchangeable for rewards and a time-management skills training workshop to
provide resources in honing time management skills (Muir; Johnson, 1995).
Sprick and Daniels (2007) suggested that the introduction of positive sweep among the
students is able to reduce the tendency of tardiness. This works on the central concept of
‘sweeping’ students who are tardy by the administrators and security personnel into different
places followed by processing which can prevent the teachers from wasting the class time and
to ensure the active supervision along the hallways and consistency in the immediate
consequences of tardiness (Sprick & Daniels). The positive sweep team members including
teachers equipped with preparation time after the passing period will supervise through
circulation in their assigned zones and gather the tardy students (Sprick & Daniels). These
students will be escorted to a ‘sweep’ room in which they will punished accordingly followed
by sweep team members escorting them to the classrooms without interfering the progress of
the class (Sprick & Daniels).
Tomczyk (2000) mentioned that administrative detention is implemented among
students with severe tardiness (as cited in Weade, 2004). According to Malbon and Nuttall
(1982), academic policies aimed to resolve the tardy issue are developed by school (as cited in
Weade, 2004).
Hernan’s (1991) research stated that more integrated tracking systems are designed to
badge and track on all students entering and leaving the campus (as cited in Weade, 2004).
Anderson and Windeatt’s (1995) study shows that block scheduling comprised of co-operative
10. 10
learning activities to enhance the development of interpersonal skills and improve student goal
setting decision making technique through usage of physical education portfolios (as cited in
Weade, 2004). Wilson (1997) stated that the implementation of a pilot project focused on
enhancing vocational education programs resulted in the reduction in tardiness (as cited in
Weade, 2004). Wilson further explained that the methodology used is where the control group
will receive the conventional vocational programming whereas intensive, competency-based
skills employing a new instructional delivery system will be implemented among the
experimental groups (as cited in Weade, 2004).
2.6 Summary
Over the years it can be seen class tardiness has become an issue of great concern
especially with the advant of technology. Many education institutions are taking great steps to
reduce class tardiness in order to increase students’ academic performance. This study therefore
would further investigate the phenomenon of class tardiness among the first year first semester
Chemical Engineering students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP).
11. 11
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Sample and population
This study involved the population of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP)
students. 20 participants selected for this study encompassed first year first semester Chemical
Engineering students only. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling
technique. The reason for choosing this technique is we can focus our study on the phenomenon
of class tardiness among the first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP).
12. 12
3.2 Materials
Quantitative method which is a set of questionnaire was used in this research. One page
self-develop questionnaire that was designed, consisted of six questions, which investigated
the phenomenon of class tardiness among the first year first semester Chemical Engineering
students in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) was distributed to all participants. The
questionnaire consists of only five open-ended questions and one close-ended question.
Question one to three was designed to answer the first hypothesis which is to investigate
whether class tardiness among first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at UTP
is a common phenomenon. Besides, question four was to study whether students with high rate
class tardiness perform poorly in academic. Apart from that, question five and six was to
identify the main factor for class tardiness among first year first semester Chemical
Engineering students at UTP.
13. 13
3.3 Procedure
A total number of 20 participants were purposively selected and were kindly requested
to answer the questionnaire.
All the participants were given the questionnaire at the same time and same venue. The
survey was conducted in the D4 Lecture Hall after the Material Science lecture session.
Subsequently, after the participants received the form, they were guided with explanation
to enlighten them on how to answer the questionnaire. Ten minutes were given to the
participants. Participants answered the questionnaires immediately to retain its authenticity
while being observed by the research team. All the forms were gathered together to conduct
analyses and interpretation from the survey. Based on the results obtained, graphs were plotted
and pie charts were drawn to better display the phenomenon of class tardiness among first year
first semester Chemical Engineering students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS.
14. 14
4.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Figure 1:
Figure 1 displays the frequency of class tardiness among the participants in a week. The
seriousness of tardiness among the participants is proved to be at a significant level. Most of
the participants possess the tendency of being tardy which include being late and absent to
class. For example, a total percentage of 95% among the 20 participants are tardy. 75% of
participants constituting the total percentage of tardiness are late or absent to class for 1 to 5
times per week. Muir (2005) shows a similar idea on this statement where it is stated that
principals and teachers have long thought that student tardiness is a chronic issue. It is found
out that from a study conducted in the 1990’s, 8-12% of students were absent each day, and
more than 40% of teachers discover the significance of the tardiness problem among the
students (Muir). Apart from that, Malik, Ladhani, and Bhamani (n.d.) also stated that tardiness
is considered by the researchers to be a serious matter as six students who turn up late every
other day and possess the symptoms of lethargy and disengagement from school in two of the
classes which have been taken into under study. The low frequency of absenteeism indicates
that these students do not have the intention of being absent to class, instead, tardiness takes
place occasionally among them due to some unforeseen circumstances. In their opinions,
lectures play a significant role in the classroom and listening to lectures and taking notes have
been the crucial elements of their learning process. This contributes to their regular attendances
to the class unless due to some factors or obstacles which hinder their punctuality such as
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1->5 6->9 10 and above
PercentageofStudents(%)
Times
How Many Times Are You Late and Absent to Class Per Week?
Late Absent
15. 15
emergencies. This therefore supports the hypothesis that class tardiness among first year first
semester Chemical Engineering students at UTP is a common phenomenon.
Figure 2:
Figure 2 shows participants’ opinion on how common is first year first semester
Chemical Engineering student late or absent to class. According to the pie chart plotted,
surprisingly, 100% of the participants think that it is common for students to be late or absent
in class. This shows that most of the students in the class have noticed the severity of class
tardiness in their course. This is similar to Sprick and Daniels (2007) where tardiness is to be
claimed as one of the most frustrating problems in classroom nowadays. Apart from that,
Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) also agreed that class tardiness produces distraction to the
individual and the whole class. This is deduced from the observations of the students which are
not tardy in the class where they often notice the absenteeism in the class as there is a student
late to class, the progress of the whole class will be distracted. This therefore support that class
tardiness among first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at UTP is a common
phenomenon
Do You Think It is Common for Students to be Late or Absent in
Class?
Yes
No
16. 16
Figure 3:
Figure 3 displays the current CGPA (Foundation) of participants. Participants tend to
achieve similar mediocre results based on the frequency of lateness and absenteeism.
Participants who are late and absent (ten times and above) to class do not perform well
academically in which the results achieved are below Dean’s list. This is similar to Weade’s
(2004) study who stated that those low-achieving Hispanic high school students have the
common characteristics of having low attendance and habitual tardiness. Besides that, Malik
et al. (n.d.) and Weade agree that tardiness will cause students to be dropping out from school
and leading students to have behavioural problem (Malik et al.). It is found that there is not
much difference in the CGPA of students who possess moderate tendency of lateness to class
as the percentage difference between those who achieved excellent results (3.50 - 4.00) and
mediocre results (3.00 – 3.49) is not significant. In contradict, the percentage of students who
tend to absent to class and yet getting mediocre results is higher, which is the double of those
who are in Dean’s list. This clearly indicates that lateness has no significant influences on
students’ performance as supported by Sprick and Daniels (2007) who claimed that there are
no positive incentives to be on time and no constructive activities happen for the first five
minutes of the class, giving students the impression that they will not be missing anything if
they are late. Besides that, lecturers may be not punctual at times and thus there are no
significant impacts on the academic success of students who are late to class. Onthe other hand,
absenteeism may cause students to perform worse in academic assessments and tests. This idea
is supported by Malik et al. which mentioned that students who are tardy tend to score low
Late (3.50-4.00)
Late (3.00-3.49)
Absent (3.50-4.00)
Absent (3.00-3.49)
17. 17
grades and produce less GPA during assessments and finals. In conclusion, this therefore
supports the hypotheses in which students with high rate class tardiness perform poorly in
academic.
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
80%
15%
5%
What is the Main ReasonYou or Your friends are Late to Class?
Sleeping late
Lecturers do not come on
time
Always forgotten the
timetable
Distance of lecture halls from
hostel is too far
Other reason
40%
15%
5%
20%
20%
What is the Main ReasonYou or Your friends are Absent to
Class?
Sleeping late
Cannot concentrate in the
class
Have to attend events or
program
Have no interest in that
particular subject
Other reason
18. 18
Figure 4 and 5 show that most of the students are late and absent to class because of
sleeping late which contribute to 80% and 40% of 20 participants approached respectively.
Sleeping late and waking up late actually are interrelated to each other because sleeping late at
night will cause the students unable to wake up on time on the next day. It is agreed by
Nakpodia and Daflaghor (2011) and Paren (2012) where going late to bed is one of the major
causes of lateness because it could result in waking up late and insufficient rest for the lesson
on the next day. Most of the students who sleep late spend their time to online or to watch
drama series until they have forgotten the sleeping time has passed. Ukoshi (2004) also
suggests that students involved in watching films at night may be so captivated by it that he/she
forgets that he/she has to be in schools (as cited in Nakpodia & Daflaghor). Some students
prefer to not to go to class since they are already late and they might be scolded by the lecturers
and feel ashamed. Thus, there is no point for them to attend the lecture session. They think that
study on their own at room is much better and they are able to concentrate well by studying on
their own. Other reasons given by the participants include waking up late, professionalism of
lecturers is low, too lots of sleep and do not understand the lecture. This therefore support the
hypothesis in which the main reason for class tardiness among first year first semester
Chemical Engineering students at UTP is due to sleeping late.
19. 19
5.0 CONCLUSION
This research focused on the phenomenon of class tardiness among the first year first
semester Chemical Engineering students at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP).
Throughout the research the severity of class tardiness among the students was studied. This
study was designed to investigate whether class tardiness is a common phenomenon among
first year first semester Chemical Engineering students at UTP. Secondly, students with high
rate class tardiness was also being studied to find out their academic performance. Lastly, it
was also designed to study the main reason for class tardiness among first year first semester
Chemical Engineering students at UTP. It was found that class tardiness is common among
first year first semester Chemical Engineering students. However, there were some limitations
in term of time, population and transportation. Therefore further studies should enhance their
research with extended time frame for observation, a large portion of population including
other faculties and year of studies, and both qualitative and quantitative methods be applied.
20. 20
References:
Jone, D. J. (2006, April 7). The impact of student attendance, socio-economic status and
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Appendix:
QUESTIONNAIRE
The purpose of this survey is to investigate the phenomenon of class tardiness among
the first year first semester Chemical Engineering students in Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS (UTP). Your cooperation will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much.
Instruction: Please tick your answer at the space given.
1. How many times are you late to class per week?
0 6-9
1-5 10 and above
2. How many times are you absent to class per week?
0 6-9
1-5 10 and above
3. Do you think it is common for students to be late or absent to class?
Yes No
4. What is your current CGPA (Foundation)?
3.50 – 4.00 2.50 – 2.99
3.00 – 3.49 2.00 – 2.49
5. What is the MAIN reason you are late to class?
Sleeping late
Lecturers do not come on time
Always forgotten the timetable
Distance of lecture halls from hostel is too far
Other reason (please state one): ________________________________________
6. What is the MAIN reason you are absent to class?
Sleeping late
Cannot concentrate in the class
Have to attend events or programs
Have no interest in that particular subject
Other reason (please state one): ________________________________________
-The End-