The history and political context of health improvement: presentations for the Masters inPublic Health course at Liverpool university including global and local approaches to health improvement and a history form Persia to the Present
Historical developments of community health nursing in the worldNursing Path
The document discusses the historical development of community health nursing around the world and in specific regions. It describes how ancient civilizations had systems of public health and sanitation. It then outlines the development of modern public health and community health nursing in Britain and the United States in the 19th century, driven by industrialization and epidemics. This led to establishing nursing as a profession. The document also discusses the development of community health nursing in India under British rule and post-independence. It raises issues around assessment, diagnosis and goals in community health nursing practice.
Historical Development of Public health NursingKailash Nagar
This document discusses the evolution of public health and community health nursing globally and historically. It covers early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines four stages in the historical development of community health and public health nursing from early home care before 1800s to current community health nursing. Key developments discussed include the Hippocratic corpus, bubonic plague, germ theory, pasteurization, John Snow's epidemiological work, and the emphasis on prevention starting in the 1950s.
The document traces the history of public health from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how views of public health have changed from being based on supernatural forces to being grounded in science. Key developments mentioned include the Greeks' emphasis on the relationship between environment and health; improvements in sanitation, such as public bathrooms and sewers, under ancient Egyptians and Romans; the devastation of diseases in the Middle Ages; the identification of germ theory and use of vaccines in the Enlightenment and later periods; and the establishment of the World Health Organization in 1948 to promote preventive healthcare worldwide.
This document provides a history of the influences of ancient cultures on public health and the development of community health nursing as a world movement. It discusses how Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, and Roman civilizations contributed to sanitation practices and the emphasis on personal and environmental hygiene. It then outlines the emergence of organized nursing roles from the early Christian period through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key figures who advanced public health nursing through organized training and services are also mentioned.
This document provides a brief history of public health from ancient times to the early 20th century. It discusses key events and developments, including the Oath of Hippocrates establishing medical ethics, the establishment of early sanitation systems in ancient cities, the contributions of Hippocrates in proposing environmental causes of disease, the establishment of boards of health during the Renaissance to address plague epidemics, the germ theory of disease proposed by Fracastoro in the 16th century, Chadwick's seminal report on sanitation and public health in 19th century Britain, the birth of bacteriology with Pasteur and Koch's discoveries, colonial efforts to control diseases like malaria and yellow fever, and the expansion of public health to address
From a seminar I gave in my first year MD in Shivamogga Institute of Medical Sciences.
Oxford Textbook of Public Health and Textbook of Preventive Medicine and Public Health by Maxcy, Rosenau and Last are my references.
Might help readers learn the evolution of the concept of public health.
historical development of community health nursing and community health nursing- world and India
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year
Community health nursing
unit-I
The document traces the history and evolution of hospitals from ancient Mesopotamia through the Middle Ages. It discusses early hospitals in Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, China, India, and the development of religious hospitals during the Middle Ages. It then covers the Renaissance period and establishment of some of the earliest voluntary hospitals in England in the 18th century.
Historical developments of community health nursing in the worldNursing Path
The document discusses the historical development of community health nursing around the world and in specific regions. It describes how ancient civilizations had systems of public health and sanitation. It then outlines the development of modern public health and community health nursing in Britain and the United States in the 19th century, driven by industrialization and epidemics. This led to establishing nursing as a profession. The document also discusses the development of community health nursing in India under British rule and post-independence. It raises issues around assessment, diagnosis and goals in community health nursing practice.
Historical Development of Public health NursingKailash Nagar
This document discusses the evolution of public health and community health nursing globally and historically. It covers early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines four stages in the historical development of community health and public health nursing from early home care before 1800s to current community health nursing. Key developments discussed include the Hippocratic corpus, bubonic plague, germ theory, pasteurization, John Snow's epidemiological work, and the emphasis on prevention starting in the 1950s.
The document traces the history of public health from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how views of public health have changed from being based on supernatural forces to being grounded in science. Key developments mentioned include the Greeks' emphasis on the relationship between environment and health; improvements in sanitation, such as public bathrooms and sewers, under ancient Egyptians and Romans; the devastation of diseases in the Middle Ages; the identification of germ theory and use of vaccines in the Enlightenment and later periods; and the establishment of the World Health Organization in 1948 to promote preventive healthcare worldwide.
This document provides a history of the influences of ancient cultures on public health and the development of community health nursing as a world movement. It discusses how Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, and Roman civilizations contributed to sanitation practices and the emphasis on personal and environmental hygiene. It then outlines the emergence of organized nursing roles from the early Christian period through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Key figures who advanced public health nursing through organized training and services are also mentioned.
This document provides a brief history of public health from ancient times to the early 20th century. It discusses key events and developments, including the Oath of Hippocrates establishing medical ethics, the establishment of early sanitation systems in ancient cities, the contributions of Hippocrates in proposing environmental causes of disease, the establishment of boards of health during the Renaissance to address plague epidemics, the germ theory of disease proposed by Fracastoro in the 16th century, Chadwick's seminal report on sanitation and public health in 19th century Britain, the birth of bacteriology with Pasteur and Koch's discoveries, colonial efforts to control diseases like malaria and yellow fever, and the expansion of public health to address
From a seminar I gave in my first year MD in Shivamogga Institute of Medical Sciences.
Oxford Textbook of Public Health and Textbook of Preventive Medicine and Public Health by Maxcy, Rosenau and Last are my references.
Might help readers learn the evolution of the concept of public health.
historical development of community health nursing and community health nursing- world and India
M.Sc. Nursing 1st year
Community health nursing
unit-I
The document traces the history and evolution of hospitals from ancient Mesopotamia through the Middle Ages. It discusses early hospitals in Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, China, India, and the development of religious hospitals during the Middle Ages. It then covers the Renaissance period and establishment of some of the earliest voluntary hospitals in England in the 18th century.
This document provides a history of the development of community health nursing in India from ancient to modern times. It describes how systems of Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine originated in ancient India. During the British colonial period in the late 19th century, nursing training schools were established in response to poor sanitation and soldiers' deaths. After independence, the government took responsibility for public health through committees' recommendations and established various national health programs to address issues like tuberculosis, malaria, and family planning. Community health nursing continued to develop through the establishment of nursing councils and degrees, as well as expanded primary healthcare services.
History and development of cnh 03 130303112246-phpapp01kamaljeetbehera
This document provides a history of the development of community health nursing in India. It discusses how community health nursing aims to meet the health and nursing needs of entire communities, with a focus on primary prevention. The document traces the history from ancient practices in India dating back to 5000 BC that emphasized public health, sanitation and hospitals. It outlines key developments over time, including the establishment of various health programs and organizations in India from the 1900s onward that worked to improve public health and access to healthcare.
This document provides an overview of community medicine, public health, and preventive medicine. It discusses how community medicine differs from clinical medicine by focusing on populations rather than individuals. Key concepts covered include the importance of addressing issues like communicable diseases, malnutrition, and health trends through public health approaches. The document traces the history of medicine from ancient times to modern developments and changing approaches in public health.
Public health aims to promote health and prevent disease through organized community efforts. It encompasses factors like sanitation, education, socioeconomic status, and public services. Throughout history, improvements in domestic hygiene, medical discoveries, and technology have advanced public health. Today, efforts focus on disease prevention, health education, and reducing health inequities. Ongoing challenges include high disease rates due to lifestyle factors and access to care issues. The future of public health centers on prevention, health promotion, and addressing social determinants of health through policy solutions.
- Studying history helps understand how current predicaments relate to those of the past and what solutions have been tried.
- Early civilizations viewed disease through supernatural lenses and focused on religious practices rather than health. Medicine men used herbs, amulets, and ceremonies.
- Ancient medical traditions developed in places like India, China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Arab world, and Mesopotamia with varying theories of health involving humors or elements. Key figures advanced knowledge of anatomy, surgery, and clinical practices.
Healthcare unit 11 changing perspectives in public health (lecture slides) 2019OGUCHI MARTINS EGBUJOR
This document discusses the history and development of public health. It begins by explaining how public health was viewed in ancient Egypt and Greece, where illness was often attributed to spiritual causes. It then discusses improvements in sanitation and infrastructure by the Romans. The document outlines how life expectancy has increased over time, from an average of 30-35 years in the 1350s due to plagues and disease. It notes the establishment of the NHS in 1948 and various public health policies and reports that have influenced practice.
This document summarizes the history of medicine from ancient cultures to modern times. It discusses early medical specialists and how their roles encompassed spiritual, social, and teaching duties. It also outlines the evolution of medical education and changing attitudes towards women in medicine. Significant contributors like Hippocrates, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister who advanced medical treatments and public health are recognized. Cultural beliefs about illness and traditional medical practices from various societies are also summarized.
The document summarizes the history of public health from ancient times through modern times. It discusses developments in Greece, Rome, India, China, and highlights key figures like Hippocrates and Galen in ancient times. It then covers the birth of modern public health in Europe during the Renaissance and developments in Britain that led to the sanitary awakening in the 19th century. It concludes with brief overviews of public health in British India and developments in India post-independence.
Hygiene and sanitation have been important for preventing disease since ancient times. Sanitation involves promoting health through environmental conditions, while hygiene refers to personal cleanliness practices. Major developments include ancient water purification techniques in India, the Greek physician Hippocrates establishing hygiene as a medical field, and ancient Chinese emphasis on clean water. Religions like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam promoted hygiene. Figures like Florence Nightingale and Dr. Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of handwashing and hospital cleanliness in reducing mortality. Today, Prime Minister Modi is launching a Clean India Mission to improve sanitation given many health challenges India faces from poor sanitation access.
This document provides a history of hospitals and hospital management from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how early hospitals originated as places associated with religious sites and priests acted as physicians. Key developments included the establishment of military hospitals in ancient Rome and well-organized Arabic hospitals in the 7th-8th centuries that were notable for admitting all patients. During the Middle Ages, most hospitals were run by religious orders but began transitioning to secular support by the Renaissance era. The document then outlines the origins and developments of hospitals in North America and key innovations in modern and contemporary hospital care and management.
The document traces the history and development of health and medicine from prehistoric times to the present, highlighting several important developments. In prehistoric times, people believed diseases were caused by demons and witch doctors used herbal remedies. During ancient times, childbirth and infancy were extremely dangerous, with 1 in 8 women and 1 in 4 babies dying. Hippocrates in ancient Greece was considered the father of modern medicine for establishing medicine as a science based on observation rather than superstition. Major developments included the invention of the microscope during the Renaissance, germ theory and antisepsis during the Industrial Revolution, and antibiotics and modern medical technologies in the 20th century. The future may include more advanced prosthetics, 3D
The document discusses the changing concepts of health over time. It begins by defining health as the absence of disease according to the oldest and WHO definitions. It then explains that health is perceived differently by various professional groups. The concept of health has evolved from an individual concern to a worldwide social goal encompassing quality of life. The document outlines 4 main concepts of health - the biomedical concept which views the human body as a machine, the ecological concept which sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, the psychological concept which is influenced by various social factors, and the holistic concept which synthesizes all previous concepts and sees health as a unified multidimensional process involving well-being in one's environment.
1. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, India, and China made early contributions to health beliefs, medical practices, and the beginnings of nursing care. Women were typically responsible for caring for the sick in the home, while male priests or physicians sometimes took on medical roles.
2. During the Middle Ages, nursing declined as most religious orders became extinct, leaving hospital care to untrained individuals of low social status. The Renaissance and Reformation saw the establishment of early nursing orders like the Sisters of Charity who provided education and care.
3. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. During the Crimean War, she reduced the death rate of soldiers from 42% to 2%
Medicine in antiquity was dominated by magical and religious beliefs, with health and illness seen through a cosmological lens. Medicine aimed to please gods through sacrifices, rituals, and prayers, while also attempting to drive out evil spirits through practices like witchcraft. Over time, traditions like Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Egyptian practices developed, with Greeks later rejecting supernatural theories in favor of natural processes. The scientific medical revolution began with figures like Paracelsus challenging superstition, followed by advances in anatomy, epidemiology, and establishing germ theory, laying the foundations for preventive public health approaches.
The document discusses the history of nursing from prehistoric times through the Period of Apprenticeship Nursing. It describes how in prehistoric times, illness was believed to be caused by evil spirits that could be treated through magic. Ancient civilizations like Babylonia, Egypt, Israel, Rome, Greece, China, Africa, and India made various contributions to early medicine and nursing. Nursing then progressed to the Period of Apprenticeship from the 11th century to 1836, where nursing care was performed through on-the-job training directed by experienced nurses, often within religious orders.
The nursing profession has evolved significantly from its origins of providing domestic care to becoming a formally trained and licensed role. In the 1800s, nursing began as performing domestic duties but hospitals began training their own nurses. Today, nursing education occurs primarily through academic institutions. Advances in medicine and surgery led to nursing evolving into its own specialty, with organizations like AMSN supporting medical-surgical nurses. The development of anesthesia in the 1840s allowed for longer surgeries and new nursing responsibilities in surgical units.
The document provides a history of health education and health promotion from early civilizations to the present. It discusses how early civilizations advocated for sanitation, clean water, exercise and diet. It then summarizes the early public health movement in Europe in response to poor living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the medical model became popular in the late 19th century but was later questioned in the 1960s-70s. This led to the new public health movement and conferences like the Ottawa Charter which emphasized environmental and behavioral factors influencing health.
Public health and Community medicine as a professional career; awareness & op...Dr. Shatanik Mondal
Public health and community medicine is an enormously diverse and dynamic field enthralling with so many sub-specialities. It has grown from infection prevention to chronic diseases, mental health, environmental health, bioterrorism, demography and many more. Public health is still at its infancy in India, but there is a huge potential in the next 10-15 years. MBBS students in India find it very difficult to digest community medicine as a subject in their curriculum in general till now. This presentation will show the importance of the subject and how they can think community medicine as their future career, all its job prospects and opportunities.
This document provides a history of the development of community health nursing in India from ancient to modern times. It describes how systems of Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine originated in ancient India. During the British colonial period in the late 19th century, nursing training schools were established in response to poor sanitation and soldiers' deaths. After independence, the government took responsibility for public health through committees' recommendations and established various national health programs to address issues like tuberculosis, malaria, and family planning. Community health nursing continued to develop through the establishment of nursing councils and degrees, as well as expanded primary healthcare services.
History and development of cnh 03 130303112246-phpapp01kamaljeetbehera
This document provides a history of the development of community health nursing in India. It discusses how community health nursing aims to meet the health and nursing needs of entire communities, with a focus on primary prevention. The document traces the history from ancient practices in India dating back to 5000 BC that emphasized public health, sanitation and hospitals. It outlines key developments over time, including the establishment of various health programs and organizations in India from the 1900s onward that worked to improve public health and access to healthcare.
This document provides an overview of community medicine, public health, and preventive medicine. It discusses how community medicine differs from clinical medicine by focusing on populations rather than individuals. Key concepts covered include the importance of addressing issues like communicable diseases, malnutrition, and health trends through public health approaches. The document traces the history of medicine from ancient times to modern developments and changing approaches in public health.
Public health aims to promote health and prevent disease through organized community efforts. It encompasses factors like sanitation, education, socioeconomic status, and public services. Throughout history, improvements in domestic hygiene, medical discoveries, and technology have advanced public health. Today, efforts focus on disease prevention, health education, and reducing health inequities. Ongoing challenges include high disease rates due to lifestyle factors and access to care issues. The future of public health centers on prevention, health promotion, and addressing social determinants of health through policy solutions.
- Studying history helps understand how current predicaments relate to those of the past and what solutions have been tried.
- Early civilizations viewed disease through supernatural lenses and focused on religious practices rather than health. Medicine men used herbs, amulets, and ceremonies.
- Ancient medical traditions developed in places like India, China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Arab world, and Mesopotamia with varying theories of health involving humors or elements. Key figures advanced knowledge of anatomy, surgery, and clinical practices.
Healthcare unit 11 changing perspectives in public health (lecture slides) 2019OGUCHI MARTINS EGBUJOR
This document discusses the history and development of public health. It begins by explaining how public health was viewed in ancient Egypt and Greece, where illness was often attributed to spiritual causes. It then discusses improvements in sanitation and infrastructure by the Romans. The document outlines how life expectancy has increased over time, from an average of 30-35 years in the 1350s due to plagues and disease. It notes the establishment of the NHS in 1948 and various public health policies and reports that have influenced practice.
This document summarizes the history of medicine from ancient cultures to modern times. It discusses early medical specialists and how their roles encompassed spiritual, social, and teaching duties. It also outlines the evolution of medical education and changing attitudes towards women in medicine. Significant contributors like Hippocrates, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister who advanced medical treatments and public health are recognized. Cultural beliefs about illness and traditional medical practices from various societies are also summarized.
The document summarizes the history of public health from ancient times through modern times. It discusses developments in Greece, Rome, India, China, and highlights key figures like Hippocrates and Galen in ancient times. It then covers the birth of modern public health in Europe during the Renaissance and developments in Britain that led to the sanitary awakening in the 19th century. It concludes with brief overviews of public health in British India and developments in India post-independence.
Hygiene and sanitation have been important for preventing disease since ancient times. Sanitation involves promoting health through environmental conditions, while hygiene refers to personal cleanliness practices. Major developments include ancient water purification techniques in India, the Greek physician Hippocrates establishing hygiene as a medical field, and ancient Chinese emphasis on clean water. Religions like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam promoted hygiene. Figures like Florence Nightingale and Dr. Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of handwashing and hospital cleanliness in reducing mortality. Today, Prime Minister Modi is launching a Clean India Mission to improve sanitation given many health challenges India faces from poor sanitation access.
This document provides a history of hospitals and hospital management from ancient times to the modern era. It describes how early hospitals originated as places associated with religious sites and priests acted as physicians. Key developments included the establishment of military hospitals in ancient Rome and well-organized Arabic hospitals in the 7th-8th centuries that were notable for admitting all patients. During the Middle Ages, most hospitals were run by religious orders but began transitioning to secular support by the Renaissance era. The document then outlines the origins and developments of hospitals in North America and key innovations in modern and contemporary hospital care and management.
The document traces the history and development of health and medicine from prehistoric times to the present, highlighting several important developments. In prehistoric times, people believed diseases were caused by demons and witch doctors used herbal remedies. During ancient times, childbirth and infancy were extremely dangerous, with 1 in 8 women and 1 in 4 babies dying. Hippocrates in ancient Greece was considered the father of modern medicine for establishing medicine as a science based on observation rather than superstition. Major developments included the invention of the microscope during the Renaissance, germ theory and antisepsis during the Industrial Revolution, and antibiotics and modern medical technologies in the 20th century. The future may include more advanced prosthetics, 3D
The document discusses the changing concepts of health over time. It begins by defining health as the absence of disease according to the oldest and WHO definitions. It then explains that health is perceived differently by various professional groups. The concept of health has evolved from an individual concern to a worldwide social goal encompassing quality of life. The document outlines 4 main concepts of health - the biomedical concept which views the human body as a machine, the ecological concept which sees health as a dynamic equilibrium between humans and their environment, the psychological concept which is influenced by various social factors, and the holistic concept which synthesizes all previous concepts and sees health as a unified multidimensional process involving well-being in one's environment.
1. Ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, India, and China made early contributions to health beliefs, medical practices, and the beginnings of nursing care. Women were typically responsible for caring for the sick in the home, while male priests or physicians sometimes took on medical roles.
2. During the Middle Ages, nursing declined as most religious orders became extinct, leaving hospital care to untrained individuals of low social status. The Renaissance and Reformation saw the establishment of early nursing orders like the Sisters of Charity who provided education and care.
3. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing. During the Crimean War, she reduced the death rate of soldiers from 42% to 2%
Medicine in antiquity was dominated by magical and religious beliefs, with health and illness seen through a cosmological lens. Medicine aimed to please gods through sacrifices, rituals, and prayers, while also attempting to drive out evil spirits through practices like witchcraft. Over time, traditions like Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Egyptian practices developed, with Greeks later rejecting supernatural theories in favor of natural processes. The scientific medical revolution began with figures like Paracelsus challenging superstition, followed by advances in anatomy, epidemiology, and establishing germ theory, laying the foundations for preventive public health approaches.
The document discusses the history of nursing from prehistoric times through the Period of Apprenticeship Nursing. It describes how in prehistoric times, illness was believed to be caused by evil spirits that could be treated through magic. Ancient civilizations like Babylonia, Egypt, Israel, Rome, Greece, China, Africa, and India made various contributions to early medicine and nursing. Nursing then progressed to the Period of Apprenticeship from the 11th century to 1836, where nursing care was performed through on-the-job training directed by experienced nurses, often within religious orders.
The nursing profession has evolved significantly from its origins of providing domestic care to becoming a formally trained and licensed role. In the 1800s, nursing began as performing domestic duties but hospitals began training their own nurses. Today, nursing education occurs primarily through academic institutions. Advances in medicine and surgery led to nursing evolving into its own specialty, with organizations like AMSN supporting medical-surgical nurses. The development of anesthesia in the 1840s allowed for longer surgeries and new nursing responsibilities in surgical units.
The document provides a history of health education and health promotion from early civilizations to the present. It discusses how early civilizations advocated for sanitation, clean water, exercise and diet. It then summarizes the early public health movement in Europe in response to poor living conditions during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the medical model became popular in the late 19th century but was later questioned in the 1960s-70s. This led to the new public health movement and conferences like the Ottawa Charter which emphasized environmental and behavioral factors influencing health.
Public health and Community medicine as a professional career; awareness & op...Dr. Shatanik Mondal
Public health and community medicine is an enormously diverse and dynamic field enthralling with so many sub-specialities. It has grown from infection prevention to chronic diseases, mental health, environmental health, bioterrorism, demography and many more. Public health is still at its infancy in India, but there is a huge potential in the next 10-15 years. MBBS students in India find it very difficult to digest community medicine as a subject in their curriculum in general till now. This presentation will show the importance of the subject and how they can think community medicine as their future career, all its job prospects and opportunities.
This book provides an introduction to medical anthropology and its applications to public health. It examines key anthropological concepts like culture and explores anthropological perspectives for understanding health and illness. Some topics covered include medical systems, explanatory models of illness, the sociocultural context of specific diseases, and the relationship between anthropology and biomedicine. The book aims to demonstrate how anthropological approaches can enhance public health research and interventions by accounting for local cultural beliefs, behaviors, and health systems. The summary provides an overview of the book's structure and main objectives.
Community medicine has evolved from ancient practices that attributed disease to supernatural causes. Over time, scientific understanding developed, beginning with early civilizations in places like India, China, Egypt, and Greece. Major advances included germ theory and recognition that disease has environmental and social causes. This led to the rise of public health efforts and preventive medicine in the 19th century. Community medicine aims to address health problems facing entire populations and ensure equal access to healthcare for all.
historical development of Community Health NursingKailash Nagar
The document summarizes the historical development of public health nursing globally and in India. It discusses early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines key developments in public health such as the Hippocratic Corpus, germ theory, epidemiology, and pasteurization. The document also describes the evolution of public health nursing through four stages - early home care, district nursing, public health nursing, and community health nursing. Finally, it briefly discusses the historical development of public health in India and the recommendations of the 1946 Bhore Committee.
ISIS, crop failure and no antibiotics; training for the future of the public'...John Middleton
Looking at international conflict, planetary health threats and the One Health and ecological public health approaches and the training we will need to create the public health practitioners and researchers for the year 2040 160526 middletonj aspher final2
The document defines public health and public health systems. It then discusses the history of public health in the Philippines from the pre-American occupation period through the American military government and Philippine Assembly periods. During these times, efforts were made to establish hospitals and address diseases like plague, cholera, and tuberculosis. The establishment of organizations like the Bureau of Health helped formalize the public health system and programs in the Philippines.
historical development of Community health nursingKailash Nagar
This document discusses the evolution of public health and community health nursing globally and historically. It covers early explanations for disease that focused on superstition and religion. It then outlines four stages in the historical development of community health and public health nursing from early home care before 1800s to current community health nursing. Key developments discussed include the Hippocratic corpus, bubonic plague, germ theory, pasteurization, John Snow's cholera work, and the emphasis on prevention starting in the 1950s.
Community medicine focuses on preventing disease and promoting public health rather than treating individual patients. It evolved from public health movements in the 19th century that emphasized sanitation and organized community efforts to improve health. Community medicine aims to keep populations healthy through measures like vaccination programs, vector control, and increasing access to resources like safe water and adequate nutrition. It has contributed greatly to reducing communicable diseases and improving health worldwide.
Public health originated in the 19th century to address poor sanitary conditions and disease outbreaks. Simple public health measures like clean water and vaccination have saved more lives than medical advances. Community medicine focuses on preventing disease in populations through organized community efforts. It aims to promote health and adjust individuals and society. Public health is defined as organized efforts to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through surveillance, policies, education, and ensuring resources are allocated to public health. It uses technology and social sciences to identify, prevent and monitor health issues in populations.
A lecture on global health delivered during the Think Global Asia-Pacific Workshop on Global Health in Medical Education, December 19, 2011, University of the Philippines Manila
Public health has evolved significantly over time. Key historical milestones include Hippocrates distinguishing between endemic and epidemic diseases in Ancient Greece, Romans establishing early sanitation systems, the plague pandemics of the Middle Ages, and scientific discoveries during the Renaissance leading to the germ theory of disease. The Industrial Revolution deteriorated worker health but also increased calls for public health reforms. Major figures in the 19th century included John Snow identifying the Broad Street pump as a cholera outbreak source. The 20th century saw the establishment of the World Health Organization and a shift toward addressing non-communicable diseases and health disparities as modern public health challenges.
An invited presentation as part of the International Association of Catholic Bioethicists series on Ethics and Pandemics. The series of recordings can be found here https://iacb.ca/web-discussions/
Public health aims to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through organized community efforts. It focuses on assuring healthful conditions for populations rather than treating individuals. Major developments include Hippocrates distinguishing endemic and epidemic diseases, Romans establishing sanitation systems, and the identification of disease-causing microbes in the Renaissance. During the Industrial Revolution, John Snow mapped cholera cases to identify contaminated water as the source. The germ theory of disease became established in the late 1800s, identifying specific pathogens and leading to vaccines. The World Health Organization was formed in 1948 to coordinate global public health efforts.
This document provides an overview of changing concepts in public health. It begins with definitions of public health and discusses its focus on prevention of disease at the population level. The document then outlines 4 phases in the history of public health: [1] the disease control phase from 1880-1920 with a focus on sanitation; [2] the health promotion phase from 1920-1960 adding services like maternal/child health; [3] the social engineering phase from 1960-1980 addressing chronic diseases and behaviors; and [4] the 'Health for All' phase from 1981-2000 aiming to reduce health inequalities. It also lists 5 notable public health officials and 16 surprising facts about the field.
Philanthropists who seek to improve health often find themselves torn between efforts to identify cures for disease and projects that strive to improve the social conditions that lead to better health. As this remarkable book shows, over a hundred years, The Rockefeller Foundation’s efforts to balance these sometimes competing objectives have fundamentally shaped the fields of public health and medicine along the way.
Health well-being-150328134453-conversion-gate01Karina CALEGARI
The Rockefeller Foundation has played a pivotal role in advancing global health and medical science over the past century. It helped launch the first global public health campaigns against diseases like hookworm and supported the development of schools of public health and medicine worldwide. While disease-specific initiatives proved effective, debates emerged around also addressing the social and economic root causes of ill health. The Foundation's work highlighted the need to focus on underserved populations and strengthen health systems, though achieving equity globally remained a challenge. Its efforts established models of collaboration that continue shaping innovations to improve health for all.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of health services in India. It discusses the conceptual framework of public health and outlines the stages of evolution in India and worldwide. In India, it notes the concepts of health and sanitation in ancient times, developments under British colonial rule including establishment of medical colleges and departments, and post-independence expansion based on expert committee recommendations. It summarizes several important committees that shaped health policy like the Bhore, Mudaliar, Chadha, Mukherjee, Jain, Kartar Singh and Shrivatsava committees. It also outlines national health policies formulated in 1983 and 2000.
This document discusses the importance of public health principles and skills in rural medical practice. It argues that rural physicians play an important role in population health by assessing community needs, orienting their practice to meet those needs, and advocating for community health. Specific public health skills mentioned include applying epidemiological concepts and the scientific method to address issues like disease outbreaks. The document also notes that students initially may view public health skills as less important than hospital-based medicine, but that experience shows public health knowledge is very useful for rural practice.
This document provides an overview of public health through history. It discusses key developments and events such as the contributions of Hippocrates, the impact of plagues and diseases like cholera, the germ theory of disease, and advances in sanitation and disease prevention. It also covers the growth of public health in the US over the 20th century in addressing issues like tuberculosis, food safety, and new challenges like bioterrorism. The document traces the evolution of public health from its roots in ancient societies to its modern form involving disease prevention and health promotion efforts.
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Climate change as a high risk factor for health John Middleton
Presentation for the World Committee for lifelong learning (CMA) 4th conference debate at the Cite Des Metiers, Paris, June 22nd 2022
20220622 CMA middletonj climate change and health long version.pptx
Presentation to the Norfolk Medical and Surgical Society, January 21st 2022 on the current state of the pandemic worldwide and in the UK and other global and planetary threats to health and how to 'plan for an outbreak of health'
20220125middleton medchi
Planning for an outbreak of health? Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemicJohn Middleton
Presentation for Jagellonian University Krakov, Poland, Institute of Public Health 30th anniversary celebration congress, October 708th 2021. 211007 middletonj krakow vr 2
Presentation for the Grand European Symposium: Training, Research and Innovation in the Europe of Health”, on September 30th 2021, The Sorbonne Grand Amphitheater
210923 middletonj sorbonne vr2
Die Zukunft ist rosig, die Zukunft ist die öffentliche GesundheitJohn Middleton
The future's bright, the future is public health. Presentation to the MPH students introductory course Bielefeld University School of public Health, October 11th 2021. 211011 2 middleton j bielefeld main
The best job in the world: A past, and a future in public health John Middleton
A description of my career in public health today including lessons from local, national and international public health and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Presentation for the Coventry University BSc in public health employability course, October 25th 2021.
211025 middleton coventry final
COVID-19: What went right, what went wrong and how do we learn from this? John Middleton
Look at UK English and European experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successes and failures. Presentation for a meeting of the Centre for Health and Development (CHAD) University of Staffordshire. Centre via recorded lecture, Thursday, 28 October 2021 12:00 211027 4 definitive middleton chad conference final
Video presentation also to be available online
A presentation on my life in public health and vaccinations- from measles in the West Midlands of England, 1983-2014 to COVID-19 in Europe, 2020-now, implications for the public health community and vaccines manufactures including the vaccine TRIPS waiver. Presentation to a Spanish public health and vaccines forum, October 18th 2021 211018 middleton spanish vaccines and industry presentation 1 version recorded
Planning for an outbreak of health? Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemicJohn Middleton
Planning for an outbreak of health? Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic Presentation to a meeting of the Alliance International Science Organisations,Univversity fo Belgrade and Chinese Academy of Sciences, online, September 23rd 2021
210923 middletonj anso conference beograd
The urgent need to train students to be global advocates and activists : plan...John Middleton
Presentation for the Escuela de Salud Pública de México (ESPM), part of the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP). 100 year celebration, April 22nd 2021. INSP210422 middletonj insp vr3
A review of global health issues, highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic and suggestions for improvement of health in a post pandemic world. Presentation for the Mongolian National University of Medicine School of public Health, April 16th 2021
210415 long version middleton j mongolia ph conference
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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1. The historical and political context
of health improvement
Prof John Middleton,
University of Wolverhampton
President, UK Faculty of Public Health
Masters in Public Health, Liverpool University,
October 6th 2016
2. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
3. Where there is no vision the
people suffer
Andrija Stampar, Yugoslavian Public health pioneer and WHO founding
father
After Proverbs/29-18.
4. The science and art of promoting health,
preventing disease and prolonging life through
the organised efforts of society
Acheson 1988, after Winslow 1927 , WHO 1948
5. Public health:
‘promoting health, preventing disease, prolonging life through the
organised efforts of society’
Sustainable development:
‘protecting resources from one generation to the next’
Environmental justice:
‘the pursuit of equal justice and equal protection under the law for all
environmental statutes and regulations without discrimination based
on race, ethnicity, and /or socioeconomic status.’
6. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
The strategic definition of health promotion is the process of
enabling people to increase control over and to improve
their health. This is underpinned by a further statement of
the WHO “This perspective is derived from a conception of
‘health’ as the extent to which an individual or group is
able, on the one hand, to realise aspirations and satisfy
needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the
environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for
everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well
as physical capacities”
RSPH Public health and commissioning 2014 , from the
Ottawa Charter 1986
RSPH Public health and commissioning
2014 Health promotion is …
8. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Salus populi
suprema lex
esto
Cicero
9. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Hygiea, daughter of Aescalapius, God of
Medicine
Goddess of health,
cleanliness and sanitation,
Described in Greek literature
700 BC, deity, 200 BC
10. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Sons and daughters of Asclepius, God of
Medicine
Panacea,
Aceso, healing processes
Aglaea, - good health, ‘the glow of health’
Hygieia,
Iaso, - recuperation
Meditrina,
Machaon,
Podaleirios,
Telesphoros
11. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Salus - ‘safety’, ‘salvation’ ‘welfare’
12. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Sirona- goddess of health of
Eastern Gaul to Danubia
(representations found
map below)
(left) statue from the temple
discovered at Hochscheid,
Moselle, Germany
13. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
14. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
http://www.dimensionsofculture.com/2010/10/traditional-asian-
health-beliefs-healing-practices/
15. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Vitalism is based on a core belief that disease is the result of some imbalance
in the vital energies which distinguish living from non-living matter. In the
formative days of the Western medical tradition founded by Hippocrates,
these vital forces were associated with the four temperaments and
humours. In Eastern traditions, related terms are qi and prana. Today,
vitalistic approaches to health are widespread in Asia. The ancient art of
acupuncture in China is an example of this system which focuses on the
flow of vital forces or energy within the body. If energy within a person’s
body is flowing harmoniously, their health is deemed good. Illness results
when this smooth flow of energy is disrupted and therapeutic measures
are aimed at restoring a normal flow of energy in the body. In India, yoga
(particularly hatha yoga, the physical form of yoga) is used therapeutically
to restore a balanced energy flow through body and mind.
Chinese traditions
16. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• East Meets West In the 17th century,
traditional Vietnamese and Chinese
practitioners began identifying their medicine
as Dong Y to distinguish their medicine from
the Western colonial medicine. Similarly,
people in the West began to use the term
“Oriental medicine” to differentiate Eastern
medical practices from Western ones.
17. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Health is seen as a state of balance between the
physical, social, and super-natural environment.
Western medicine tends to approach disease by
assuming that it is due to an external force, such
as a virus or bacteria, or a slow degeneration of
the functional ability of the body. Disease is
either physical or mental. The Eastern approach
assumes that the body is whole, and each part of
it is intimately connected. Each organ has a
mental as well as a physical function.
18. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
‘Health’=‘Shalom’= ‘Peace’
19. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Salamati
• In Persian, one word for health - Salamati
encompasses mental, physical and spiritual
health, as well as a balanced diet and social
life
• illness is perceived as a lack of balance
• Illness as atonement
• Illness and death accepted by meditation and
prayer
20. Bimaristans of old Aleppo
places of light calm, peace, reflection, mindfulness , scents and sensibility
21. KUSAMALA
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE & ECOLOGY, Malawi
3 Ethics
Earth Care
Provision for all life systems to continue and multiply
Working with nature, rather than against it
People Care
Provision for people to access the resources necessary for
their existence
Ensuring the wellbeing of people and communities
Fair Share
The earth's resources are limited, use/consume only what
you need
Don't forget about future generations
23. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
24. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
25. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
26. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
The English Civil War
27. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
28. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
29. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
30. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
31. A (very) short history of public health
• Sanitory revolution
32. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
33.
34. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
William Duncan of
Liverpool
The first English Medical
Officer of Health….
35.
36. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
The Butcher Row,
Coventry
‘an area where
contagious fevers
prevailed to a fearfull
extent’
Coventry Board of
Health 1849
37.
38.
39. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
40. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Health for all by the year 2000: the Alma Ata
declaration 1978
• Global health strategy for achieving health for
all by the year 2000 WHO 1980
• European Targets for Health for all by the Year
2000 WHO 1985
41. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
42. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
43. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
44. The inverse care law:
‘People who need the most health care
get the worst, and the poorest quality’
‘Poor people get poor services’
West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
45. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• The new public health
• Local authorities
health network
• European targets for
Health for All by 2000
46. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• The Healthy cities movement 1986-
• The healthy regions initiative 1990 –
• Health 21 WHO 1999
• Health 2020 WHO 2012
47. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Local authorities health network 1987
• UK Public Health Association 1991
• First UK Health improvement plan ‘ The Health
of the Nation’ 1992 UK government
• ‘Variations in health’ report 1996 UK government
48. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
49. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
Reducing health inequalities in health UK
English health policy since the Black report
• 1979 The Black report on health inequalities
• 1986 The Health Divide Margaret Whitehead and David
Player
• !996 Variations in Health
• 1998 The Acheson report
• 1999 Health Action zones
• 2004 Spearhead PCTs
• 2008 Marmot 1,
• 2010 Marmot 2
• 2012 Health and Social Care Act duty to reduce inequalities
on Clinical commissioning groups and NHS England
50. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
• Health and Social care act 2012
• Public health ‘returns’ to local authorities
• Public Health England set up
• Duty to reduce health inequalities on new NHS clinical
commissioning groups and NHS England
• NHS England responsible for public health
interventions such as immunisation and screening
• Local authorities responsible for NHS services such as
health checks and mandated advice to CCGs
• ‘Responsibility deals’
51. A (very) short history of public health
• Inequalities in health
• The economics of health :some examples
58. CHD Mortality 2000-2005
MALES, Less than 65 years
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Rateper100,000
West Midlands England Sandwell
FEMALES, Less than 65 years
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Rateper100,000
West Midlands England Sandwell
PERSONS, Less than 65 years
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Rateper100,000
West Midlands England Sandwell
60. 60
The Marmot Review
• Early years interventions
• Young people
opportunities
• Workplace health
• Fairer more equal incomes
• Healthy town planning and
housing
• More equal access and
outcomes in healthcare
John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement
65. Social care
Leisure
Education
Environmental
protection
Housing
Town planning
Transport
Environment and
sustainability
Economic
development
Culture and heritage
Council services should all be
involved in the health agenda
66. Social care
Leisure
Education
Environmental
protection
Housing
Town planning
Transport
Environment and
sustainability
Economic
development
Culture and heritage
Council services should all be
involved in the health agenda
Office of
Public
Health
West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
67. West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
Population health needs assessment
Joint strategic needs analysis
Health impact assessment
Health advocacy
Reducing health inequalities
Specialist public health commissioning and
provision in health protection, health
improvement and health care related action
Office of Public Health
68. John Middleton, Historical and political context of health improvement; MPH Liverpool University, October 6th 2016
69. These 10 Corporations Control Almost Everything We Buy
Industrial Corporations prioritise PROFIT, not public health
70. Burden of disease attributable to 20 leading risk factors in 2010
expressed as a percentage of global disability-adjusted life-years
Global Burden of Disease Group. www.thelancet.com 2012 380 2245
Diet ≈ 40%
71. Effectiveness Hierarchy
Effects of different policy options
(evident for tobacco control, alcohol control, dietary salt & transfat
71
Downstream Upstream
Sizeofpopulationhealthbenefit
INTERVENTIONS
77. • All based on an
unsustainable economic
model
• consumerism
• status
• trust
• social cohesion
• Unequal societies are less
sustainable
78.
79.
80.
81. The world map reflecting production related to climate change. “Climate
Change presents the biggest threat to health in the 21st Century” The Lancet (373;9697 pp 1659-1734, May 16-22
2009).
Who produces the greenhouse gases?
82. Who bears the burden?
The world map reflecting mortality related to climate change. “Climate
Change presents the biggest threat to health in the 21st Century” The Lancet (373;9697 pp 1659-1734, May 16-22
2009).
83. A (very) short history of public health
• Climate change and health
106. Food and Agriculture Sector
• Source of 10-12% of global greenhouse-gas emissions
• Change in land-use (eg. deforestation) significant contributor
to global emissions (adds further 6-17%)
• Total emissions from sector set to rise by up to 50% by 2030
• Four-fifths (80%) of total emissions in sector arise from
processes involved in livestock production
107. SUMMARY
[1] There is strong evidence that greenhouse gas emissions
from the burning of fossil fuels are changing the global
climate
[2] The projected rate and magnitude of change will have
adverse impacts on ecological systems and populations
in many regions, especially in low income countries
where the capacity to adapt is limited
[3] The challenge is to ensure more equitable but
sustainable development that enables human societies
to live within the Earth’s regenerative capacity
108. Conclusions
Policies that address both public health and climate change
are more attractive than focusing on either in isolation.
The health gains associated with climate change mitigation
policies should feature in Climate Change negotiations
A ‘low carbon’ world would be a healthier world
109. Health co-benefits
1. Traditional person focussed benefit
– Physical activity, diet, mental health, trauma, air
pollution…
2. Benefits for health care system
– Congruent with policy direction for many health care
systems: care closer to home, empowered, self care,
better use of drugs, better use of ICT, prevention
3. Benefits for international (health) inequity
– Cost effective leap frogging from pre-industrial, pre-
carbon to post carbon, missing out high carbon step in the
middle
– Justice: Contraction and convergence
– Energy: Concentrated solar power (CSP), much from
warmer and poorer countries
113. Procuring for Carbon Reduction
• NHS carbon footprint 18.6 MtCO2
• 59% related to upstream goods and services procured, (11 MtCO2)
• P4CR – Roadmap, guidance and pilots
• Carbon Disclosure Project
• Sustainable Food guide for hospitals
• Energy efficiency guide for
medical devices
114. Action now…
1. SDC Good Corporate Citizenship
toolkit
– www.corporatecitizen.nhs.uk/
2. NHS Carbon Trust Management
Programme
– http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/
carbon/publicsector/nhs/
3. Sustaining a Healthy Future
– www.fph.org.uk
4. NHS Confederation briefings
– http://www.nhsconfed.org/Publications/
briefings/Pages/Briefings.aspx
5. NHS Carbon Reduction Strategy
and 2030 health care scenarios
– www.sdu.nhs.uk
See notes of this slides for some of the most important specific actions
120. • Security: ‘Freedom from danger’
• Economic
• Environmental
• Social
• External military
121.
122.
123.
124. Ten tips for better health: Dave Gordon
– don’t be poor, if you can stop, if you cant, try not to be poor for long
– don’t have poor parents
– own a car
– don’t work in a stressful low paid manual job
– don’t live in a damp house
– be able to afford a foreign holiday and sunbathe
– practice not losing your job and not becoming unemployed
– take up all the benefits you are entitled to
– don’t live next to a busy road or a polluting factory
– learn how to fill in complex housing benefit asylum applications
before you are homeless and destitute
138. I sit on a man's back, choking him and making
him carry me, and yet assure myself and others
that I am very sorry for him and wish to ease his
lot by all possible means - except by getting off
his back.
Leo Tolstoy
139. And the peculiar evil is, the less money you have , the less
inclined you feel to spend it on wholesome food. A
millionnaire may enjoy breakfasting on orange juice and
Ryvita biscuits; an unemployed man doesn’t
When you are unemployed, which is to say when you are
underfed, harassed,bored, and miserable you don’t want
to eat dull wholesome food……
George Orwell, The Road To Wigan pier.
161. Figure 1, Teenage Conception 1998 - 2012
Sandwell's reduction since baseline (44%) is higher than England &
Wales's reduction of 40.8%. The West Mildands reduction has also
been lower than Sandwell at 42%. Figure 1, above, show that the
gap between Sandwell and England is reducing further.
166. Domestic burglary Sandwell 2001-2005Full implementation
drug intervention
project doubling
numbers of drug users
in treatment
1300 fewer
domestic
burglaries
33% fall
167.
168.
169. • I recommend Sandwell reviews its clinical policies for management
of failure of growth in the womb.
•
• I recommend this review be undertaken for the conurbation as well
if this can be agreed and organised rapidly.
•
• I recommend that the review should involve externally
commissioned experts with a national or international reputation.
•
• We need a new strategy for improving outcomes for pregnant
mothers, newborn babies and their families.
•
170. West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
Wolverhampton
University’s Health
Futures University
Technical college , being built
in West Bromwich, opening
Autumn 2015
Providing education
and prospects for
careers in health,
public health and
care for 14-19 year
olds
187. The three domains of public health
West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
Health protection
Health improvement
Health care public health
188. Local authorities must grasp their responsibilities and
opportunities in health care related public health
• Respond to NHS five year plan for prevention
• Respond to National Audit Office concern about the
failure to honour the ‘Core public health offer’
• Rise to the challenge of the Manchester initiative, and
be the intelligent, strategic leaders of whole system
health, social and preventive health – ‘needs-led and
evidence-based’
West Midlands Regional Public Health Excellence Conference, JMiddleton March 6th 2015
199. • Thank you
• John Middleton
• Johnmiddleton@phonecoop.coop
200. References
• Climate and Health Council (www.climateandhealth.org)
• Collapse, Jared Diamond.
• Global health, global warming, personal and professional responsibility,
Cambridge Medicine, Pencheon D, Vol 2, No 22, 2008
• Stott R, Healthy response to climate change, BMJ 2006;332;1385-1387
• Gill M, Why should doctors be interested in climate change?
BMJ Jun 2008; 336: 1506
• Griffiths J, Alison Hill, Jackie Spiby and Mike Gill, Robin Stott Ten practical actions
for doctors to combat climate change, BMJ 2008;336;1507
• Sustaining a healthy future: www.fph.org.uk
• Griffiths J et al, The Health Practitioner's Guide to Climate Change, Earthscan
2009
• Pencheon D, Health services and climate change: what can be done? J Health
Serv Res Policy. Editorial Jan 2009
• UCL Health Commission/Lancet: Managing the Health effects of Climate Change.
May 2009
• The health benefits of tackling climate change, Wellcome/LSHTM, Nov 2009
• Sustainable Development Commission: http://www.sd-
commission.org.uk/pages/health.html
203. 1001 critical days
Personal health and social
relationships education, PHSE in all
schools
2 hours physical activity per week
reinstated
204. Stop marketing of foods high in sugar, salt and fat,
before the 9pm watershed and tighten marketing
restrictions
Introduce 20% duty on sugar sweetened beverages
Tackle alcohol related harm by introducing a minimum
unit price for alcohol of at least 50p
Rapidly implement standardised tobacco packaging
20 Mph speed limits
205. A living wage
Reaffirm commitment to universal
health care system free at the point of
need funded through general taxation
206.
207. Invest in active transport to promote good
health and reduce our impact on climate change
Implement a cross national approach to meet
climate change targets, including a rapid move to
a 100% renewables and a zero carbon energy
system