160 5th vulnerable plaque symposium
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This document announces an industry roundtable event on vulnerable plaque to be held on March 29, 2003 in Chicago. The roundtable aims to bring together cardiologists, researchers, and industry executives to discuss regulatory challenges, reimbursement issues, and identifying areas of common interest in developing and regulating new products for detecting and treating vulnerable plaque. The program will highlight emerging trends in treating heart disease caused by vulnerable plaque and the current regulatory climate for alternative clinical strategies. A panel of experts from academia, industry and government agencies will discuss these issues.
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1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
This document discusses non-invasive imaging of macrophages for detection of vulnerable plaque using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO). USPIOs are taken up by macrophages and shorten MRI relaxation time, allowing visualization of macrophage activity. Studies show USPIO uptake correlates with macrophage density and plaque inflammation in animal models. While MRI can identify plaque inflammation, limitations include poor resolution for coronary imaging and high cost compared to alternatives.
133 testosterone and neo intimal plaque development
1) This study investigated the effects of testosterone on plaque development in male and female rabbits.
2) It found that testosterone inhibited plaque formation in male rabbits at concentrations of 10-100 ng/ml, but increased plaque size in female rabbits at concentrations of 10-50 ng/ml.
3) The presence of androgen receptors in the arteries of both male and female rabbits suggests they are involved in the gender-specific effects of testosterone on plaque development.
162 calcium imaging
Scores >400 are associated with a 10-fold increased risk of future events. Calcium imaging should be used routinely to assess risk. Matthew Budoff is an assistant professor of cardiology who discloses a relationship with Imatron, Inc as a speaker.
074 influenza infection effects
1) Influenza infection exerts prominent inflammatory and thrombotic effects on atherosclerotic plaques in aged Apo E-deficient mice. Approximately one third of the mice showed increased plaque inflammation and some died 4-10 days after influenza inoculation.
2) A protocol was tested using cytokines and SPIO nanoparticles to enhance macrophage homing to plaques in Apo E-deficient mice. Mice that received cytokines prior to SPIO injection showed more iron-labeled macrophages in plaques compared to controls.
3) The results suggest that influenza infection exacerbates plaque inflammation in mice and cytokines may account for some of the effects of influenza on atherosclerosis. Longer studies are needed to determine the full
065 association for eradication of heart attack
This document summarizes a scientific paper published in Circulation in 2003 about vulnerable plaques and patients. It discusses what has been learned since prior conferences on this topic, including defining major and minor criteria for vulnerable plaques based on culprit plaques. It outlines markers of vulnerability at the plaque/artery level relating to plaque morphology/structure, activity/function, and pan-arterial assessments. Conditions and markers associated with myocardial vulnerability both with and without atherosclerosis-derived ischemia are also summarized. The challenges of terminology and techniques for risk stratification of vulnerable myocardium are briefly discussed.
261 molecular genetics and micro arrays
This document summarizes several studies that used microarray technology to analyze gene expression in cardiovascular tissues and cells:
1) Studies analyzed atherosclerotic lesions and correlated gene expression with the vulnerability and pathogenesis of lesions.
2) Other studies analyzed gene expression changes in cardiac growth, development, and response to injury as well as during viral infection.
3) Gene expression in vascular cells and tissues was also analyzed in response to mechanical stress, inflammation, and other cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
053 histologic evidence of spio accumulation in vulnerable plaques
This study examined the accumulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro experiments demonstrated that human macrophages actively take up fluorescent-labeled SPIO particles over 24 hours in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In vivo studies in mice and rabbit models of atherosclerosis found SPIO particles in macrophage-rich areas of plaques, with a strong correlation between iron staining and foam cell density. Cytokine treatment increased SPIO uptake in plaques. The results suggest MRI using SPIO has potential for noninvasively assessing monocyte recruitment in vulnerable plaques.
Acc 04 vuln pt
This document discusses approaches to identifying and managing coronary risk. It states that the primary goal should be preventing acute cardiac events through intensive risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. Additionally, it notes that one third of sudden cardiac deaths and heart attacks occur in previously asymptomatic individuals with undiagnosed risk factors or pre-clinical disease. The document proposes identifying high-risk asymptomatic individuals through testing to provide prevention. It presents a risk stratification approach using testing like CRP, cholesterol, glucose and imaging to guide different levels of risk factor reduction and management.
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1 spio-mri studies by dr naghavi - amersham oct 2003
This document discusses non-invasive imaging of macrophages for detection of vulnerable plaque using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO). USPIOs are taken up by macrophages and shorten MRI relaxation time, allowing visualization of macrophage activity. Studies show USPIO uptake correlates with macrophage density and plaque inflammation in animal models. While MRI can identify plaque inflammation, limitations include poor resolution for coronary imaging and high cost compared to alternatives.
133 testosterone and neo intimal plaque development
1) This study investigated the effects of testosterone on plaque development in male and female rabbits.
2) It found that testosterone inhibited plaque formation in male rabbits at concentrations of 10-100 ng/ml, but increased plaque size in female rabbits at concentrations of 10-50 ng/ml.
3) The presence of androgen receptors in the arteries of both male and female rabbits suggests they are involved in the gender-specific effects of testosterone on plaque development.
162 calcium imaging
Scores >400 are associated with a 10-fold increased risk of future events. Calcium imaging should be used routinely to assess risk. Matthew Budoff is an assistant professor of cardiology who discloses a relationship with Imatron, Inc as a speaker.
074 influenza infection effects
1) Influenza infection exerts prominent inflammatory and thrombotic effects on atherosclerotic plaques in aged Apo E-deficient mice. Approximately one third of the mice showed increased plaque inflammation and some died 4-10 days after influenza inoculation.
2) A protocol was tested using cytokines and SPIO nanoparticles to enhance macrophage homing to plaques in Apo E-deficient mice. Mice that received cytokines prior to SPIO injection showed more iron-labeled macrophages in plaques compared to controls.
3) The results suggest that influenza infection exacerbates plaque inflammation in mice and cytokines may account for some of the effects of influenza on atherosclerosis. Longer studies are needed to determine the full
065 association for eradication of heart attack
This document summarizes a scientific paper published in Circulation in 2003 about vulnerable plaques and patients. It discusses what has been learned since prior conferences on this topic, including defining major and minor criteria for vulnerable plaques based on culprit plaques. It outlines markers of vulnerability at the plaque/artery level relating to plaque morphology/structure, activity/function, and pan-arterial assessments. Conditions and markers associated with myocardial vulnerability both with and without atherosclerosis-derived ischemia are also summarized. The challenges of terminology and techniques for risk stratification of vulnerable myocardium are briefly discussed.
261 molecular genetics and micro arrays
This document summarizes several studies that used microarray technology to analyze gene expression in cardiovascular tissues and cells:
1) Studies analyzed atherosclerotic lesions and correlated gene expression with the vulnerability and pathogenesis of lesions.
2) Other studies analyzed gene expression changes in cardiac growth, development, and response to injury as well as during viral infection.
3) Gene expression in vascular cells and tissues was also analyzed in response to mechanical stress, inflammation, and other cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
053 histologic evidence of spio accumulation in vulnerable plaques
This study examined the accumulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro experiments demonstrated that human macrophages actively take up fluorescent-labeled SPIO particles over 24 hours in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In vivo studies in mice and rabbit models of atherosclerosis found SPIO particles in macrophage-rich areas of plaques, with a strong correlation between iron staining and foam cell density. Cytokine treatment increased SPIO uptake in plaques. The results suggest MRI using SPIO has potential for noninvasively assessing monocyte recruitment in vulnerable plaques.
Acc 04 vuln pt
This document discusses approaches to identifying and managing coronary risk. It states that the primary goal should be preventing acute cardiac events through intensive risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. Additionally, it notes that one third of sudden cardiac deaths and heart attacks occur in previously asymptomatic individuals with undiagnosed risk factors or pre-clinical disease. The document proposes identifying high-risk asymptomatic individuals through testing to provide prevention. It presents a risk stratification approach using testing like CRP, cholesterol, glucose and imaging to guide different levels of risk factor reduction and management.
108 cetp expression
CETP overexpression in diabetic and obese db/db mice prevented the formation of diet-induced atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta. CETP overexpression lowered total cholesterol concentrations and reduced cholesterol levels in the pro-atherogenic VLDL and IDL/LDL lipoprotein subfractions. This suggests CETP plays an anti-atherogenic role in the context of diabetic obesity by modifying cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins. The authors conclude CETP may help maintain vascular health in humans with diabetic obesity, and its suppression in this population may contribute to higher atherosclerosis risk.
Braunwald
This document outlines an approach to identifying and managing coronary risk. It recommends that prevention must be the primary goal through intensive global risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. It also recommends identifying asymptomatic high-risk individuals through testing like the Framingham Risk Score so they can receive prevention. It proposes a risk stratification approach from low to very high risk based on annual risk levels and corresponding testing and treatments, with very high risk patients receiving the most intensive treatments like invasive detection of unstable plaques and procedures like CABG or multiple drug-eluting stents.
120 mr imaging for the evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis
This document discusses the use of MR imaging to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis. It notes that MR imaging can provide high-resolution images of carotid plaque geometry and composition in vivo, capturing details like fibrous caps and necrotic cores. The document outlines different MR imaging techniques for evaluating carotid arteries, such as high-resolution TOF-MRA, CE-MRA, and T2-weighted imaging. It presents examples of images showing lumen contours, calcification, and plaque components visualized with these methods. The document suggests that improved MR imaging techniques may help identify features of carotid plaque that are associated with rapid progression and neurological risk.
174 multicontrast mri
This document summarizes a study that used multicontrast MRI to classify human atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries. Researchers imaged 60 patients before carotid endarterectomy and compared MRI classifications of plaque type to histological analysis. MRI correctly classified plaque types in 80.2% of cases compared to histology. The study demonstrated that high-resolution MRI can characterize intermediate to advanced plaque, which is important for longitudinal studies of plaque progression and response to treatment. Further research is still needed to improve spatial resolution and image acquisition time.
102 hot plaque
This document discusses research on using intravascular thermography to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by measuring temperature heterogeneity in artery walls. Studies found higher temperatures in areas with macrophage accumulation compared to smooth muscle cells. Further clinical studies correlated higher plaque temperatures with inflammation, plaque vulnerability, and adverse outcomes. Treatment with statins was found to reduce temperature heterogeneity, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. Thermography may help identify high-risk plaques but requires validation when combined with other plaque imaging.
197 reducing atherosclerosis in mice
The document describes research showing that D-stereoisomers of apo A-I mimetic peptides, when given orally to mice, can reduce atherosclerosis. Specifically, it was found that:
1) D-form peptides had dramatically elevated serum half-lives compared to L-form peptides.
2) Orally administered D-form peptides were effectively delivered and retained biological activity, reducing atherosclerotic lesions in mice.
3) One D-form peptide (D-4F) significantly reduced aortic root lesion area and surface oxidation in mice.
510 does lxr links lipid metabolism to inflammation, or ppar
The document discusses the roles of Liver X receptors (LXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages and their implications in atherosclerosis. It reports that LXR and PPAR activation inhibits MMP-9 expression, reducing foam cell accumulation and atherosclerosis progression in mice studies. While PPARγ ligands suppress MMP-9 even in PPARγ deficient cells, the mechanisms of this effect and whether LXR ligands similarly regulate MMP-9 in LXR deficient cells requires further investigation. The LXR agonist GW3965 may have potential for stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by downregulating
225 animal models of heart attack part 2
I. This document discusses various animal models that have been used to study atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, including quail, pigeons, chickens, dogs, monkeys, pigs, rats, rabbits, and mice. It provides details on the types of lesions developed and similarities to human disease for each model.
II. The double knockout LDL/apoE mice are highlighted as offering improvements in studying clinical complications of atherosclerosis like human heart disease. However, it is unclear how closely they model vulnerable plaques.
III. Questions are raised about how closely the coagulation systems of these animal models resemble humans and whether any model fully captures repeated plaque ruptures and the role of aging in natural history as seen in humans.
No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’...
Presented by:
Lilton R.C. Martinez MD, Marcio H. Miname MD, Luiz A. Bortolotto MD, Ana P.M. Chacra MD, Carlos E. Rochitte MD, Andrei C. Sposito MD, Raul D. Santos MD,PhD.
101205 shape aha 2005 f
Zahi A. Fayad is an Associate Professor who studies molecular imaging of atherosclerosis using MRI. His research focuses on developing targeted contrast agents to noninvasively detect unstable plaque. Some agents under investigation include annexin A5 labeled with a radioisotope to detect apoptosis, FDG-PET to assess plaque activity, and fibrin-targeted and MMP-targeting Gd-based contrasts. Additional work involves lipid-based particulate agents using reconstituted HDL or iron oxide nanoparticles. The goal is to improve MRI detection sensitivity and specificity for high-risk plaque characterization.
195 hepatic synthesis and secretion of vldl
1) The document discusses mechanisms of VLDL overproduction in insulin resistance using a fructose-fed hamster model.
2) Hamsters fed a high fructose diet develop insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased hepatic VLDL production.
3) Studies show that insulin resistance in hamster liver leads to overexpression of MTP and overproduction of VLDL, possibly due to disruption of insulin signaling pathways involving IRS-1 and PI3-kinase.
185 towards the future cath lab
This document discusses the potential for using MRI as an alternative to x-ray guidance in cardiac catheterization labs and interventional procedures. It outlines the history of MRI in cardiovascular imaging and interventions. Recent studies are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of MRI-guided coronary catheterization and balloon angioplasty. However, technological barriers around making equipment MRI-compatible as well as accreditation and reimbursement issues still need to be addressed before MRI could fully replace x-ray systems in cath labs. The combination of x-ray and MRI into a single "XMR" system may be a viable solution.
193 apo b48 secretion and regulation
The document presents research on the secretion and regulation of apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by primary hamster intestinal enterocytes. Studies show increased intracellular stability and oversecretion of ApoB48 from fructose-fed hamster enterocytes. The results suggest that hyperinsulinemia and increased de novo lipogenesis in the intestine may enhance ApoB48 secretion and contribute to elevated triglyceride levels.
227 which serum should be used
1) The document discusses interleukin-18 (IL-18), an inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in atherosclerosis and plaque instability. Studies have shown IL-18 is overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques and higher levels predict future cardiovascular events.
2) One study found serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in coronary artery disease patients who suffered fatal cardiovascular events compared to those who did not. High IL-18 levels were an independent predictor of death even after adjusting for other risk factors.
3) IL-18 is thought to promote plaque inflammation and vulnerability through stimulating interferon-gamma production, and blocking this pathway in mice prevents the effects of IL-18 on atherosclerosis. However, questions remain around
Acc presentation macrophage (1)
This document proposes a non-invasive method using SPIO (super paramagnetic iron oxide) nanoparticles to image macrophage infiltration and inflammation in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Rabbits and mice were injected with SPIO, which accumulated in inflamed plaque areas correlated with macrophage density. SPIO-enhanced MRI then successfully identified these inflamed plaques non-invasively in vivo. This technique could provide a way to detect rupture-prone plaques and better understand plaque vulnerability.
044 mice mri
This study aimed to image atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas of Apo E deficient mice using MRI. To visualize the aorta, contrast agent was injected into mice both while inside and outside of the MRI scanner. Respiratory gating was used to reduce motion artifacts from breathing by intubating mice and providing ventilation. Initial scans showed the aorta but further refinement is needed, including decreasing the dose of iron contrast agent to improve image resolution without excessive signal loss. Future plans include ECG gating to reduce cardiac motion and starting similar studies in rabbits.
176 coronary pan artritis
This document discusses inflammation in coronary artery plaques and its relationship to vulnerable plaques. It reports that:
1) Inflammation is common in deeper layers of atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with lipid content but not necessarily plaque rupture.
2) Patients with unstable angina tend to have evidence of widespread coronary inflammation, not just at the culprit lesion, suggesting vulnerable plaques may form throughout the arteries.
3) Given that vulnerable patients often have many inflamed plaques, targeting a single coated stent to one region may not be sufficient as a treatment approach for reducing acute coronary events risk.
A20 gene
The document presents findings on the A20 gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein that inhibits NF-kB activity and TNF-induced apoptosis. The study found that C57 and FVB mouse strains have a coding difference in A20 that generates a phosphorylation site in C57 mice. C57-A20 was less effective at shutting down TNF-induced NF-kB activity and C57 cells were less susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis compared to FVB cells. This suggests less active A20 in C57 mice leads to increased inflammation and reduced apoptosis, while more active A20 in FVB mice decreases inflammation and increases apoptosis, contributing to differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between the strains.
094 spectroscopic fiber optic catheter
This document describes research on using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure pH levels in atherosclerotic plaque via a fiber optic catheter. Previous studies showed plaque pH heterogeneity and that inflamed regions have lower pH. The researchers collected human carotid plaques and used a 3Fr fiber optic catheter prototype to obtain optical reflectance spectra of 17 tissue sites, which were then calibrated to pH readings from micro-electrodes. A partial least squares model achieved a determination coefficient of 0.63 and root mean squared deviation of 0.14 pH units. Further work aims to increase sample size under physiological conditions to better identify vulnerable plaque based on pH levels in vivo.
142 arterial remodelling in coronary syndromes
This study used intravascular ultrasound to examine arterial remodeling and plaque characteristics in 131 patients with either stable angina or recent unstable symptoms. Patients with unstable presentations had greater plaque burden at the culprit lesion despite similar luminal narrowing, and a greater extent of positive arterial remodeling compared to those with stable angina. The culprit lesions in unstable patients also showed a higher rate of echolucent plaque morphology. This suggests that bulky, remodeled plaques may be more vulnerable to rupture, leading to acute coronary syndromes. Further prospective study is needed to better understand the relationship between clinical presentation and plaque features.
Caron D Ambruso Cv
Caron D'Ambruso is an experienced medical marketing and sales executive with over 30 years of experience leading marketing and sales initiatives for major medical device companies. She has a track record of successfully launching new products, growing businesses, and gaining market share. Her expertise includes branding, relationship building, strategic planning, product development, and sales management.
Medical Device-Polymers & Plastics
Join us in learning the newest trends and technical advances in the use of Polymeric Materials in Medical Applications; speakers are from premier institutions such as the world-class Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLA, ABBOTT Vascular, JOHNSON & JOHNSON-Cordis, BOSTON SCIENTIFIC, MEDTRONIC, REVA Medical, MiMEDX, BECKTON DICKINSON, ROCHE Diagnostics and more.
For Registration / Sponsorship / Details, please CLICK the link below:
http://www.MediPlastConference.com
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108 cetp expression
CETP overexpression in diabetic and obese db/db mice prevented the formation of diet-induced atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta. CETP overexpression lowered total cholesterol concentrations and reduced cholesterol levels in the pro-atherogenic VLDL and IDL/LDL lipoprotein subfractions. This suggests CETP plays an anti-atherogenic role in the context of diabetic obesity by modifying cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins. The authors conclude CETP may help maintain vascular health in humans with diabetic obesity, and its suppression in this population may contribute to higher atherosclerosis risk.
Braunwald
This document outlines an approach to identifying and managing coronary risk. It recommends that prevention must be the primary goal through intensive global risk factor reduction for all patients with clinically apparent heart disease. It also recommends identifying asymptomatic high-risk individuals through testing like the Framingham Risk Score so they can receive prevention. It proposes a risk stratification approach from low to very high risk based on annual risk levels and corresponding testing and treatments, with very high risk patients receiving the most intensive treatments like invasive detection of unstable plaques and procedures like CABG or multiple drug-eluting stents.
120 mr imaging for the evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis
This document discusses the use of MR imaging to evaluate carotid atherosclerosis. It notes that MR imaging can provide high-resolution images of carotid plaque geometry and composition in vivo, capturing details like fibrous caps and necrotic cores. The document outlines different MR imaging techniques for evaluating carotid arteries, such as high-resolution TOF-MRA, CE-MRA, and T2-weighted imaging. It presents examples of images showing lumen contours, calcification, and plaque components visualized with these methods. The document suggests that improved MR imaging techniques may help identify features of carotid plaque that are associated with rapid progression and neurological risk.
174 multicontrast mri
This document summarizes a study that used multicontrast MRI to classify human atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries. Researchers imaged 60 patients before carotid endarterectomy and compared MRI classifications of plaque type to histological analysis. MRI correctly classified plaque types in 80.2% of cases compared to histology. The study demonstrated that high-resolution MRI can characterize intermediate to advanced plaque, which is important for longitudinal studies of plaque progression and response to treatment. Further research is still needed to improve spatial resolution and image acquisition time.
102 hot plaque
This document discusses research on using intravascular thermography to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by measuring temperature heterogeneity in artery walls. Studies found higher temperatures in areas with macrophage accumulation compared to smooth muscle cells. Further clinical studies correlated higher plaque temperatures with inflammation, plaque vulnerability, and adverse outcomes. Treatment with statins was found to reduce temperature heterogeneity, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. Thermography may help identify high-risk plaques but requires validation when combined with other plaque imaging.
197 reducing atherosclerosis in mice
The document describes research showing that D-stereoisomers of apo A-I mimetic peptides, when given orally to mice, can reduce atherosclerosis. Specifically, it was found that:
1) D-form peptides had dramatically elevated serum half-lives compared to L-form peptides.
2) Orally administered D-form peptides were effectively delivered and retained biological activity, reducing atherosclerotic lesions in mice.
3) One D-form peptide (D-4F) significantly reduced aortic root lesion area and surface oxidation in mice.
510 does lxr links lipid metabolism to inflammation, or ppar
The document discusses the roles of Liver X receptors (LXRs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in macrophages and their implications in atherosclerosis. It reports that LXR and PPAR activation inhibits MMP-9 expression, reducing foam cell accumulation and atherosclerosis progression in mice studies. While PPARγ ligands suppress MMP-9 even in PPARγ deficient cells, the mechanisms of this effect and whether LXR ligands similarly regulate MMP-9 in LXR deficient cells requires further investigation. The LXR agonist GW3965 may have potential for stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by downregulating
225 animal models of heart attack part 2
I. This document discusses various animal models that have been used to study atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, including quail, pigeons, chickens, dogs, monkeys, pigs, rats, rabbits, and mice. It provides details on the types of lesions developed and similarities to human disease for each model.
II. The double knockout LDL/apoE mice are highlighted as offering improvements in studying clinical complications of atherosclerosis like human heart disease. However, it is unclear how closely they model vulnerable plaques.
III. Questions are raised about how closely the coagulation systems of these animal models resemble humans and whether any model fully captures repeated plaque ruptures and the role of aging in natural history as seen in humans.
No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’...
Presented by:
Lilton R.C. Martinez MD, Marcio H. Miname MD, Luiz A. Bortolotto MD, Ana P.M. Chacra MD, Carlos E. Rochitte MD, Andrei C. Sposito MD, Raul D. Santos MD,PhD.
101205 shape aha 2005 f
Zahi A. Fayad is an Associate Professor who studies molecular imaging of atherosclerosis using MRI. His research focuses on developing targeted contrast agents to noninvasively detect unstable plaque. Some agents under investigation include annexin A5 labeled with a radioisotope to detect apoptosis, FDG-PET to assess plaque activity, and fibrin-targeted and MMP-targeting Gd-based contrasts. Additional work involves lipid-based particulate agents using reconstituted HDL or iron oxide nanoparticles. The goal is to improve MRI detection sensitivity and specificity for high-risk plaque characterization.
195 hepatic synthesis and secretion of vldl
1) The document discusses mechanisms of VLDL overproduction in insulin resistance using a fructose-fed hamster model.
2) Hamsters fed a high fructose diet develop insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased hepatic VLDL production.
3) Studies show that insulin resistance in hamster liver leads to overexpression of MTP and overproduction of VLDL, possibly due to disruption of insulin signaling pathways involving IRS-1 and PI3-kinase.
185 towards the future cath lab
This document discusses the potential for using MRI as an alternative to x-ray guidance in cardiac catheterization labs and interventional procedures. It outlines the history of MRI in cardiovascular imaging and interventions. Recent studies are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of MRI-guided coronary catheterization and balloon angioplasty. However, technological barriers around making equipment MRI-compatible as well as accreditation and reimbursement issues still need to be addressed before MRI could fully replace x-ray systems in cath labs. The combination of x-ray and MRI into a single "XMR" system may be a viable solution.
193 apo b48 secretion and regulation
The document presents research on the secretion and regulation of apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) by primary hamster intestinal enterocytes. Studies show increased intracellular stability and oversecretion of ApoB48 from fructose-fed hamster enterocytes. The results suggest that hyperinsulinemia and increased de novo lipogenesis in the intestine may enhance ApoB48 secretion and contribute to elevated triglyceride levels.
227 which serum should be used
1) The document discusses interleukin-18 (IL-18), an inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in atherosclerosis and plaque instability. Studies have shown IL-18 is overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques and higher levels predict future cardiovascular events.
2) One study found serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in coronary artery disease patients who suffered fatal cardiovascular events compared to those who did not. High IL-18 levels were an independent predictor of death even after adjusting for other risk factors.
3) IL-18 is thought to promote plaque inflammation and vulnerability through stimulating interferon-gamma production, and blocking this pathway in mice prevents the effects of IL-18 on atherosclerosis. However, questions remain around
Acc presentation macrophage (1)
This document proposes a non-invasive method using SPIO (super paramagnetic iron oxide) nanoparticles to image macrophage infiltration and inflammation in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Rabbits and mice were injected with SPIO, which accumulated in inflamed plaque areas correlated with macrophage density. SPIO-enhanced MRI then successfully identified these inflamed plaques non-invasively in vivo. This technique could provide a way to detect rupture-prone plaques and better understand plaque vulnerability.
044 mice mri
This study aimed to image atherosclerotic plaques in the aortas of Apo E deficient mice using MRI. To visualize the aorta, contrast agent was injected into mice both while inside and outside of the MRI scanner. Respiratory gating was used to reduce motion artifacts from breathing by intubating mice and providing ventilation. Initial scans showed the aorta but further refinement is needed, including decreasing the dose of iron contrast agent to improve image resolution without excessive signal loss. Future plans include ECG gating to reduce cardiac motion and starting similar studies in rabbits.
176 coronary pan artritis
This document discusses inflammation in coronary artery plaques and its relationship to vulnerable plaques. It reports that:
1) Inflammation is common in deeper layers of atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with lipid content but not necessarily plaque rupture.
2) Patients with unstable angina tend to have evidence of widespread coronary inflammation, not just at the culprit lesion, suggesting vulnerable plaques may form throughout the arteries.
3) Given that vulnerable patients often have many inflamed plaques, targeting a single coated stent to one region may not be sufficient as a treatment approach for reducing acute coronary events risk.
A20 gene
The document presents findings on the A20 gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein that inhibits NF-kB activity and TNF-induced apoptosis. The study found that C57 and FVB mouse strains have a coding difference in A20 that generates a phosphorylation site in C57 mice. C57-A20 was less effective at shutting down TNF-induced NF-kB activity and C57 cells were less susceptible to TNF-induced apoptosis compared to FVB cells. This suggests less active A20 in C57 mice leads to increased inflammation and reduced apoptosis, while more active A20 in FVB mice decreases inflammation and increases apoptosis, contributing to differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between the strains.
094 spectroscopic fiber optic catheter
This document describes research on using near-infrared spectroscopy to measure pH levels in atherosclerotic plaque via a fiber optic catheter. Previous studies showed plaque pH heterogeneity and that inflamed regions have lower pH. The researchers collected human carotid plaques and used a 3Fr fiber optic catheter prototype to obtain optical reflectance spectra of 17 tissue sites, which were then calibrated to pH readings from micro-electrodes. A partial least squares model achieved a determination coefficient of 0.63 and root mean squared deviation of 0.14 pH units. Further work aims to increase sample size under physiological conditions to better identify vulnerable plaque based on pH levels in vivo.
142 arterial remodelling in coronary syndromes
This study used intravascular ultrasound to examine arterial remodeling and plaque characteristics in 131 patients with either stable angina or recent unstable symptoms. Patients with unstable presentations had greater plaque burden at the culprit lesion despite similar luminal narrowing, and a greater extent of positive arterial remodeling compared to those with stable angina. The culprit lesions in unstable patients also showed a higher rate of echolucent plaque morphology. This suggests that bulky, remodeled plaques may be more vulnerable to rupture, leading to acute coronary syndromes. Further prospective study is needed to better understand the relationship between clinical presentation and plaque features.
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120 mr imaging for the evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis
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510 does lxr links lipid metabolism to inflammation, or ppar
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No correlation and low agreement of imaging and inflammatory atherosclerosis’...
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Caron D Ambruso Cv
Caron D'Ambruso is an experienced medical marketing and sales executive with over 30 years of experience leading marketing and sales initiatives for major medical device companies. She has a track record of successfully launching new products, growing businesses, and gaining market share. Her expertise includes branding, relationship building, strategic planning, product development, and sales management.
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This document summarizes the presentation given by Advanced Cell Technology at the Rodman and Renshaw Conference in November 2006. It discusses ACT's leadership in regenerative medicine as the first to derive human embryonic stem cells through alternative methods. It outlines ACT's focus on retinal pigment epithelium, hemangioblast, and dermal product programs. It also provides updates on ACT's blastomere program and progress towards clinical trials for its RPE program. Key corporate milestones for 2006 and 2007 are identified.
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07 aker
This document discusses forward-looking statements and risks for Akers Biosciences, Inc. It notes that any statements regarding future financial performance, development of products and services, or opportunities should be considered forward-looking. Actual results may differ due to risks in development, commercialization, clinical trials, need for future capital, and intellectual property maintenance. The document also provides brief biographies of ABI's experienced management team and board of directors.
07 aker
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Medical Simulation Market to Reach US$ 2.50 Billion by 2022
The medical simulation market is expected to reach $2.50 billion by 2022, growing at over 15% annually. Key drivers include technological innovation, demand for minimally invasive treatments, and focus on patient safety. The market is segmented by product/service, end user, and region. It includes simulation training services, software, anatomical models, and endovascular simulators used by hospitals, military, and academics for education. The report provides an overview, market analysis, company profiles of major players, and identifies new opportunities in the medical simulation industry.
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Open Issues and a Proposal for Open-source Technologies to Assure Quality, Re...
Thrilled to share this chapter:
Open Issues and a Proposal for Open-source Technologies to Assure Quality, Reliability, and Safety in Health Care Devices Targeting Low- and Middle-income Countries
From the book: Technologies for Development, edited by Sylvia Hostettler et al.
S. Hostettler et al. (eds.), Technologies for Development,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16247-8_8
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Bone Fracture - Pipeline Review, H1 2018
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This document discusses a presentation made at the PIPEs Conference in November 2006. It summarizes the company's focus on regenerative medicine using human embryonic stem cells, including their programs in retinal pigment epithelium cells, hemangioblasts, and dermal cells. It outlines the company's progress in building out GMP facilities, preclinical studies, and plans to file an IND for their RPE program by late 2007. Key milestones for 2006 and 2007 are also summarized.
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This document provides background on Jacques Barth, an expert in cardiovascular imaging and risk assessment. It discusses the evolution of ultrasound technology for measuring intima-media thickness (IMT) from 1986 to 2005. IMT is an early marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. The document also addresses issues around vulnerable plaques, reporting IMT measurements, and assessing cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents.
Acc vp-org 3-02 stone
This document describes a study that uses intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), biplane coronary angiography, and blood flow measurements to characterize endothelial shear stress (ESS) in coronary arteries. It found that over 6 months, areas of low ESS demonstrated plaque progression, areas of normal ESS remained stable, and areas of high ESS developed outward remodeling. The technology allows in vivo determination of intracoronary flow velocity and ESS, which has not previously been possible. This provides a method to predict progression of atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. A pilot study applied this technique in 8 patients at baseline and 6 months to analyze changes in native coronary artery disease and in-stent restenosis while taking candesartan vs fel
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This document discusses the use of coronary CT angiography (CTA) to detect and characterize coronary atherosclerosis beyond just detecting coronary stenoses. CTA can identify calcified plaques, non-calcified plaques, mixed plaques, atheromas, thrombi, and myocardial infarction scars. CTA provides information on plaque composition and distribution that can help understand coronary artery disease and be used to follow patients under therapy. The limitations of CTA include artifacts from cardiac motion, breathing, blooming effect, and poor contrast opacification of small vessels. Advances in multislice CT technology are helping to address some of these limitations.
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This document discusses approaches to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the need for new approaches. It summarizes that the emphasis is shifting from high risk plaques to high risk symptomatic patients, and from high risk asymptomatic to intermediate and low risk patients. It discusses diagnostic tools like magnetic resonance imaging to identify high risk asymptomatic patients and computed tomography to identify intermediate risk patients using coronary artery calcium scoring and CRP biomarkers. It also discusses prevention and treatment strategies like a polypill for acute coronary syndrome patients and those with chronic atherothrombosis.
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This document describes a study that introduces a non-invasive method for imaging macrophage infiltration in inflamed atherosclerotic plaques using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and MRI. The researchers injected SPIO into hypercholesterolemic and normal rabbits and found that SPIO profoundly accumulated in areas of macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic plaques, as confirmed by histology. SPIO-enhanced MRI was able to identify these inflamed plaques non-invasively. The results suggest SPIO-enhanced MRI can be a novel method for detecting rupture-prone inflamed plaques associated with heart attacks and strokes.
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The document discusses several factors that are considered predictors of plaque vulnerability, including luminal narrowing, plaque volume and composition, fibrous cap thickness, and plaque inflammation. It reviews studies that show myocardial infarction can develop from previously non-severe lesions and that lipid content, cap thickness, inflammation, and stress factors like circumferential stress are correlated with plaque stability and vulnerability. In conclusion, the size and composition of the lipid core, thickness and composition of the fibrous cap, and inflammation are well-established predictors of plaque rupture.
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This document discusses a novel tracer for MRI imaging of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaque. It summarizes research into lipid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) that are phagocytosed by macrophages. The researchers tested various SPIO coatings and sizes to maximize macrophage uptake while minimizing oxidative stress. Lipid-coated SPIOs combined with certain aminoglycans showed the highest uptake and lowest induction of reactive oxygen species. The goal is to develop an MRI contrast agent that can noninvasively image vulnerable, inflamed plaques by detecting macrophage presence.
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This progress report discusses ongoing near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy studies. It notes that a new probe design is being developed to improve signal detection in the NIR range. Characterization of a new light source and additional tissue phantom studies are needed. The report identifies ongoing difficulties with depth penetration studies and experimental setup issues. Priorities include analyzing existing data to inform probe redesign, characterizing the new light source, conducting depth penetration and tissue phantom studies, and addressing experimental setup challenges.
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This study investigated genetic differences in vascular remodeling and shear stress regulation in response to altered blood flow in four inbred rat strains. The results showed significant differences among strains in their ability to maintain normal endothelial shear stress levels through outward arterial remodeling when flow was increased or decreased. Specifically, the GH strain was better able to regulate shear stress through remodeling compared to the SHR-SP strain. These genetic differences in vascular responses to changes in blood flow have important implications for understanding the variable manifestations of atherosclerosis and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in individuals and populations. Future studies are needed to investigate whether similar genetic differences exist in humans and their role in clinical outcomes.
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This document contains fluorescence intensity measurements from a fluorescence-based assay using different concentrations of FITC-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FITC SPIO). The measurements are organized in a table with concentrations of FITC SPIO along the left and average fluorescence units per well and standard deviations for different samples labeled with letters in the cells.
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The document discusses the role of lipoproteins, particularly LDL and HDL, in inflammation and atherosclerosis. LDL readily enters the artery wall where it can become modified, making it proinflammatory. Modified LDL stimulates expression of MCP-1, which recruits monocytes. Modified LDL also promotes differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. In contrast, HDL is potentially anti-inflammatory. Atherosclerosis is characterized as an inflammatory disease where lipoproteins influence multiple aspects of inflammation.
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This study evaluated the impact of low circulating levels of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) on prognosis in 573 patients with heart disease. The study found that patients with low T3 levels had higher rates of death and cardiac death at 31 days and 12 months. Low T3 was an independent predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis and correlated with shorter survival times. The results suggest low T3 is directly implicated in the progression of cardiac disease and prognosis, rather than just a marker of poor prognosis. Further research is needed to determine if low T3 contributes directly to impaired cardiac function.
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5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
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160 5th vulnerable plaque symposium
- 1. The 5The 5thth Vulnerable PlaqueVulnerable Plaque SymposiumSymposium Industry RoundtableIndustry Roundtable AnAn EventEvent March 29, 2003March 29, 2003 4-6PM4-6PM 9999thth Floor Sears Tower, Chicago, ILFloor Sears Tower, Chicago, IL
- 2. Industry Roundtable MissionIndustry Roundtable Mission Information, Insights andInformation, Insights and Innovative Strategies for MeetingInnovative Strategies for Meeting the Needs of a New Paradigm inthe Needs of a New Paradigm in Cardiology….Cardiology…. Searching For and Treating theSearching For and Treating the Vulnerable PatientVulnerable Patient
- 3. Desired OutcomesDesired Outcomes DiscussDiscuss Regulatory ChallengesRegulatory Challenges Reimbursement IssuesReimbursement Issues Identify Areas of Common Interest toIdentify Areas of Common Interest to IndustryIndustry Create a Coordinating Committee toCreate a Coordinating Committee to Develop Guidelines for Developing andDevelop Guidelines for Developing and Regulating New VP ProductsRegulating New VP Products
- 4. Who Should AttendWho Should Attend CardiologistsCardiologists ResearchersResearchers Senior FDA, CMS PersonnelSenior FDA, CMS Personnel CEOs, Presidents, ExecutiveCEOs, Presidents, Executive Management from R&D, Regulatory,Management from R&D, Regulatory, Marketing, Finance and Legal Affairs fromMarketing, Finance and Legal Affairs from Drug, Medical Device and BiotechnologyDrug, Medical Device and Biotechnology CompaniesCompanies
- 5. Program HighlightsProgram Highlights Review of Emerging Trends In TreatingReview of Emerging Trends In Treating Heart Disease Caused by the ParadigmHeart Disease Caused by the Paradigm Shift of Vulnerable PlaqueShift of Vulnerable Plaque Scope of Medical Technologies andScope of Medical Technologies and Market Segments Poised for GrowthMarket Segments Poised for Growth Current Regulatory Climate; AlternativeCurrent Regulatory Climate; Alternative Clinical StrategiesClinical Strategies Reimbursement Considerations of a ShiftReimbursement Considerations of a Shift to Preventative Careto Preventative Care
- 6. Invited PanelistsInvited Panelists S. Ward Casscells, M.D.,S. Ward Casscells, M.D., University of Texas Health ScienceUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterCenter Ron Waksman, M.D.,Ron Waksman, M.D., Thomas Thompson,Thomas Thompson, Founder, and CEO (ret.) Quest Medical and MDMAFounder, and CEO (ret.) Quest Medical and MDMA Ken McDonnell,Ken McDonnell, CEO, InfraReDXCEO, InfraReDX CMS representativeCMS representative EliasElias Mallis,Mallis, Chief, Cardiac Electrophysiology/Monitoring BranchChief, Cardiac Electrophysiology/Monitoring Branch CDRH/ODE/DCD,U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationCDRH/ODE/DCD,U.S. Food and Drug Administration Leslee Shaw, M.D.,Leslee Shaw, M.D., The American Cardiovascular Research InstituteThe American Cardiovascular Research Institute Scott Huennekens,Scott Huennekens, President & CEO, Volcano TherapeuticsPresident & CEO, Volcano Therapeutics
- 7. Industry ParticipantsIndustry Participants Approximately 80 companies involved inApproximately 80 companies involved in the VP Missionthe VP Mission