The document provides guidance for writing earthquake case studies, including key details to include about the causes, effects, and management of earthquakes in different locations. It outlines sections to cover such as headline facts, explanation of the geological process, impacts on people and the environment, human responses to deal with the issues, and future hazard management challenges. The lesson plan has students complete individual research and case study notes on an LEDC and MEDC earthquake case before comparing their findings in pairs to analyze the differences and similarities between locations.

1. Earthquakes Case Studies Kobe 7.2 6434 Kashmir 7.6 80400

2. Richter Scale A single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released. It is on a logarithmic scale, thus an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 on the Richter scale is 10x stronger than one that measures 4.0. An earthquake of 4.6 on the Richter scale can be recorded by any seismograph anywhere in the world. 4.6 would cause noticeable shaking and worldwide there are up 6200 per year. Any earthquake above 6.5 is likely to cause major damage and destruction – there are probably less 100 of these each year.

3. Seismographs

4. We are focusing on…. Writing a detailed hazards case study that includes the causes, effects and management of the hazard. Comparing country case studies with an emphasis on the difference between LEDCs (Kashmir, Pakistan) and MEDCs (Kobe, Japan) Answering 7 mark, level based exam questions using case studies effectively

5. Case Study Guidance Headline facts and figures What? When? Where? Explanation - Process What were the reasons why the earthquake occurred? Impact What were the effects on people and the environment? Human response How have people tried to manage the issues or problems? Future Management Issues What are the hazard management challenges for the future?

6. Today’s Lesson 25 minutes introduction and film 30 minutes – individual research time and completion of case study notes. Your deadline for these is 9.25 – the notes must be done by this time. 15-20 minutes – comparing case studies ; you will pair up with a member of the other class and spend 10 minutes looking at the differences and similarities between your case studies. 5-10 minutes – final discussion