Low Global Warming Replacements for HCFCs in Stationary Air Conditioning Equi...UNEP OzonAction
Honeywell has been researching and developing low global warming refrigerants for over 10 years to replace HCFCs. They have developed refrigerants such as 1234yf for auto air conditioning and 1234ze for foam insulation with global warming potentials less than 10. For stationary air conditioning applications, they are exploring hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) blends such as L-41 and N-20 that have global warming potentials less than 500 and can replace R-410A and R-22 with similar or better performance. Testing shows these refrigerants can be used in existing equipment without major redesigns.
Low GWP Refrigerant, Mobile Air Conditioning Systems and ComponentsUNEP OzonAction
Delphi is developing low GWP refrigerant mobile air conditioning systems and components to meet customer and regulatory requirements. Government regulations are limiting greenhouse gas emissions from refrigerants to a GWP of 150 or lower. Customers require that new low GWP systems match the cooling performance, energy efficiency, reliability and cost of current R-134a systems. Delphi is working to qualify new refrigerants, compressors, and other components to deliver technically equivalent low GWP solutions.
What can we do in Hungary for safer environment in utilization of SF6UNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Electrotechnical Association (MEE) established itself as the personnel certification body for working with SF6 gas in Hungary according to EU regulations. MEE developed a training program and examination process to certify personnel in maintenance, installation, and handling of SF6. Over 100 technicians received certification in the first year of the program by completing training and passing the examination administered by MEE. MEE also collects annual reports on SF6 usage in Hungary and shares this data with environmental authorities.
Veeraraghavan Dayalan is seeking a challenging technical role in design engineering. He has over 7 years of experience in aircraft cabin design and engineering. His experience includes premium class cabin design for commercial aircraft, aircraft seating products design, and business jet interior monument reverse engineering. He has strong skills in CAD tools like CATIA and NX and PLM tools like ENOVIA. He has individually designed and delivered over 20 aircraft carpets and runners.
Vehicle Manufacturer’s Perspective on Alternative Refrigerant DevelopmentUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses a vehicle manufacturer's perspective on developing alternative refrigerants for mobile air conditioning systems. It provides an overview of refrigerants that have been evaluated, including R744 (CO2) and R1234yf. It outlines the technical challenges of R744 systems and challenges that may prevent R1234yf from becoming a global solution. It recommends establishing a collaborative industry effort to develop the next generation of alternative refrigerants following the SAE evaluation process.
Este documento describe un curso de formación para la manipulación de gases fluorados. El curso enseñará los procedimientos correctos para manejar equipos de aire acondicionado y sistemas de refrigeración que utilizan estos gases, de acuerdo con la legislación ambiental. El curso también cubrirá los tipos de refrigerantes, sus efectos en el medio ambiente, el mantenimiento de sistemas de refrigeración y la obtención de una certificación en la manipulación de gases fluorados.
Presentacion jornada tecnica sobre gases fluorados kimikalMercatel Formacion
Este documento establece normas para reducir las emisiones de gases fluorados de efecto invernadero. Prohíbe el uso de hidrofluorocarburos con un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico superior a ciertos umbrales en equipos nuevos y para mantenimiento a partir de 2020 y 2025. Además, propone reducir la cantidad de estos gases que puede colocarse en el mercado entre un 79% entre 2015 y 2030.
Este documento resume la normativa ambiental europea y española aplicable a los gases fluorados utilizados en equipos de refrigeración y climatización. Explica las obligaciones para el personal y las empresas en términos de certificación, control de fugas, recuperación de gases, mantenimiento de registros y etiquetado de equipos. Además, proporciona detalles sobre los diferentes tipos de certificados requeridos para el personal, así como las excepciones aplicables a determinados equipos y refrigerantes.
Low Global Warming Replacements for HCFCs in Stationary Air Conditioning Equi...UNEP OzonAction
Honeywell has been researching and developing low global warming refrigerants for over 10 years to replace HCFCs. They have developed refrigerants such as 1234yf for auto air conditioning and 1234ze for foam insulation with global warming potentials less than 10. For stationary air conditioning applications, they are exploring hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) blends such as L-41 and N-20 that have global warming potentials less than 500 and can replace R-410A and R-22 with similar or better performance. Testing shows these refrigerants can be used in existing equipment without major redesigns.
Low GWP Refrigerant, Mobile Air Conditioning Systems and ComponentsUNEP OzonAction
Delphi is developing low GWP refrigerant mobile air conditioning systems and components to meet customer and regulatory requirements. Government regulations are limiting greenhouse gas emissions from refrigerants to a GWP of 150 or lower. Customers require that new low GWP systems match the cooling performance, energy efficiency, reliability and cost of current R-134a systems. Delphi is working to qualify new refrigerants, compressors, and other components to deliver technically equivalent low GWP solutions.
What can we do in Hungary for safer environment in utilization of SF6UNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Electrotechnical Association (MEE) established itself as the personnel certification body for working with SF6 gas in Hungary according to EU regulations. MEE developed a training program and examination process to certify personnel in maintenance, installation, and handling of SF6. Over 100 technicians received certification in the first year of the program by completing training and passing the examination administered by MEE. MEE also collects annual reports on SF6 usage in Hungary and shares this data with environmental authorities.
Veeraraghavan Dayalan is seeking a challenging technical role in design engineering. He has over 7 years of experience in aircraft cabin design and engineering. His experience includes premium class cabin design for commercial aircraft, aircraft seating products design, and business jet interior monument reverse engineering. He has strong skills in CAD tools like CATIA and NX and PLM tools like ENOVIA. He has individually designed and delivered over 20 aircraft carpets and runners.
Vehicle Manufacturer’s Perspective on Alternative Refrigerant DevelopmentUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses a vehicle manufacturer's perspective on developing alternative refrigerants for mobile air conditioning systems. It provides an overview of refrigerants that have been evaluated, including R744 (CO2) and R1234yf. It outlines the technical challenges of R744 systems and challenges that may prevent R1234yf from becoming a global solution. It recommends establishing a collaborative industry effort to develop the next generation of alternative refrigerants following the SAE evaluation process.
Este documento describe un curso de formación para la manipulación de gases fluorados. El curso enseñará los procedimientos correctos para manejar equipos de aire acondicionado y sistemas de refrigeración que utilizan estos gases, de acuerdo con la legislación ambiental. El curso también cubrirá los tipos de refrigerantes, sus efectos en el medio ambiente, el mantenimiento de sistemas de refrigeración y la obtención de una certificación en la manipulación de gases fluorados.
Presentacion jornada tecnica sobre gases fluorados kimikalMercatel Formacion
Este documento establece normas para reducir las emisiones de gases fluorados de efecto invernadero. Prohíbe el uso de hidrofluorocarburos con un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico superior a ciertos umbrales en equipos nuevos y para mantenimiento a partir de 2020 y 2025. Además, propone reducir la cantidad de estos gases que puede colocarse en el mercado entre un 79% entre 2015 y 2030.
Este documento resume la normativa ambiental europea y española aplicable a los gases fluorados utilizados en equipos de refrigeración y climatización. Explica las obligaciones para el personal y las empresas en términos de certificación, control de fugas, recuperación de gases, mantenimiento de registros y etiquetado de equipos. Además, proporciona detalles sobre los diferentes tipos de certificados requeridos para el personal, así como las excepciones aplicables a determinados equipos y refrigerantes.
Guidelines for equipment conversion to hydrocarbon refrigerantsUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes guidelines for converting refrigeration and air conditioning equipment from non-flammable refrigerants to hydrocarbon refrigerants. It notes that conversions to flammable refrigerants should only be done if absolutely necessary and can be done safely. It provides recommendations on the conversion process, including only conducting conversions in workshops, developing conversion kits and risk assessments, proper equipment marking, leak detection procedures, technician training guidelines, and emphasizes that conversions should only be done by highly trained technicians using safe equipment and methods.
Este documento resume las alternativas disponibles para reemplazar al refrigerante HCFC-22. Actualmente existen 24 refrigerantes como opciones para reemplazar al HCFC-22, incluyendo mezclas como R-422D y R-407C que pueden ser utilizadas. El R410A se usa comúnmente para equipos nuevos de alta eficiencia. Se necesitan más estudios sobre las mezclas de HFC/HC a bajas temperaturas debido a problemas de solubilidad entre el refrigerante y el aceite lubricante.
El documento proporciona información sobre refrigerantes, incluidas sus propiedades ideales, clasificaciones y ejemplos. Explica las diferencias entre refrigerantes puros, mezclas azeotrópicas y zeotrópicas. También incluye tablas que muestran refrigerantes recomendados para diferentes aplicaciones y equipos de refrigeración.
El documento trata sobre gases refrigerantes. Explica que un refrigerante es cualquier sustancia que puede absorber calor a baja presión y temperatura y liberarlo a mayor presión y temperatura. Describe la evolución de los refrigerantes desde los primeros usados a inicios del siglo XX hasta los actuales, señalando hitos como la invención de los CFC y su impacto en la capa de ozono. Finalmente, detalla propiedades y clasificaciones de los refrigerantes modernos.
El documento describe el ciclo de refrigeración, incluyendo las etapas de evaporación, compresión, condensación y expansión. Explica cómo un refrigerante se convierte de líquido a gas en el evaporador absorbiendo calor, luego es comprimido a alta presión y temperatura en el compresor, para luego condensarse a líquido en el condensador al ceder calor, y finalmente expandirse a baja presión y temperatura para completar el ciclo.
The document discusses the air conditioning system in automobiles. It begins by defining air conditioning and explaining how car AC works by using a compressor, condenser, and evaporator to circulate refrigerant and remove heat from the inside of the vehicle. The document also briefly looks at the history of AC in cars, how the AC controller works, and possibilities for future automobile air conditioning technologies. It concludes by listing sources for further information.
Valeo Air Conditioning AC system Thermal comfort loop valeoscope technical ha...Hugo Vallet
Valeo Service is proud to present you the Air Conditioning technical handbook.
From the Kyoto protocol to thermal comfort rules, system overview and interactions between components, this book will allow you to rediscover the air conditioning system.
More focussed operations on the A/C system are treated through technical bulletins and videos.
Table of content:
1. Disclaimer
2. Valeo, the air conditioning multi-specialist
3. Valeo Techassist
4. Regulations on the A/C business
5. Air conditioning: well-being in the cabin all year long
6. Thermal comfort
7. Air conditioning: comfort and safety
8. Introduction to air conditioning systems
9. The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning unit (HVAC)
10. The air conditioning - A/C loop
11. The components of the A/C loop
12. Why regular A/C servicing?
More info on http://www.valeoservice.com
Check also:
• Valeo Air Conditioning 2014 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-for-passenger-cars-lcvs-trucks-coaches-2014-955657-catalogue
• Valeo Cabin Air Filter 2014 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-cabin-air-filter-for-passenger-cars-lcvs-trucks-coaches-2014-catalogue-955658
• Valeo Garage Equipment 2014-2015 955660 English catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-garage-equipment-20142015-955660-english-catalogue
• Valeo Refrigerant Gaz 2012-2016-2017 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/vs-air-conditioning-20122016-2017-regrigerant-gaz-catalogue-955600
To lean more about:
• compressor functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/mRC0dYZiRqg
• condenser functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/q8b_vb_OTT0
• receiver dryer functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/cEdwzi4-ZrQ
• blower functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/tmzA6EFMM4w
• HVAC main components: https://youtu.be/msBWMWk5zDE
Valeo, automotive technology, naturally
Los fabricantes de gases refrigerantes los envasan en cilindros de colores, respetando el código de colores de AHRI (Air conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute), que a su vez utiliza el PMS (Pantone Matching System), un lenguaje internacional de impresión que se utiliza para los colores. El AHRI asigna los colores de acuerdo con el Standard 34 de ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers)
El documento explica el ciclo de refrigeración en los sistemas de aire acondicionado. Describe los cuatro procesos principales (compresión, condensación, expansión y evaporación) y los componentes clave (compresor, condensador, válvula y evaporador). También cubre los gases refrigerantes usados y cómo funcionan para enfriar un espacio transfieriendo calor.
Manual de buenas practicas de refrigeraciónCecilia M.
Este documento describe la capa de ozono, una zona de la atmósfera que protege la vida en la Tierra absorbiendo la radiación ultravioleta dañina del Sol. La capa de ozono se encuentra a entre 11 y 48 km sobre la superficie y está compuesta principalmente de moléculas de ozono, un tipo de oxígeno con tres átomos. A pesar de ser muy delgada, la capa de ozono es crucial para la vida al bloquear la mayor parte de la radiación UV-B dañina.
Kältemittel der vierten Generation (Dr. Walter Sorg, DuPont de Nemours)co2online gem. GmbH
Vortrag "Kältemittel der vierten Generation" von Dr. Walter Sorg, DuPont de Nemours, beim Fachkongress "Kältetechnologien - Quo vadis?" und der Verleihung des 4. Deutschen Kältepreises am 20. März 2012 in Berlin
Automotive air conditioning training manualTaufiq Atan
Here are the key points about scroll compressors:
- They have two interleaved spiral wraps, one fixed and one orbiting, that work like a scroll to progressively fold refrigerant vapor into higher pressures.
- They are more efficient than reciprocating piston compressors since there are no suction or discharge valves and minimal leakage.
- They operate more smoothly and quietly than piston compressors due to their continuous compression process versus the pulsating action of pistons.
- Common failures include worn or damaged scrolls, seized orbiting scroll, faulty bearings, or electrical issues with the motor.
- Like other compressors, they require proper lubrication and refrigerant charge for optimal performance.
- Scroll
This document outlines Global Hose Management procedures for Expro to standardize identification, use, maintenance and safety practices regarding hoses used in well testing operations. It details hose procurement, inspection, tracking, rig up/down, storage, transportation and discard processes. The goal is to establish best practices for hose selection, use and maintenance to prevent incidents from hose failures through standardized procedures.
Essential training on non water based fire protection Sabrul Jamil
Although water is the best fire protection material, it can not be used across all the systems. So this training is based on these NON-WATER BASED FIRE PROTECTION which includes CLEAN AGENT & FOAM SYSTEM, Kitchen Fire Solution, Techniques for Oxygen reduction and various type of fire prevention like passive fire protection.
Proven Oilfield Cost Reduction & Environmental ResultsBen Lucas
Introduction, analysis and projection model for HSE improvements to production, service, maintenance, repair, field services, manufacturing and other types of industrial processes - specifically, outlining the benefits to HSE and cost reduction for Oilfield related activities from actual users over the last few years utilizing proven green replacement solutions.
This document provides a summary of an individual's qualifications and experience. It includes:
1) Over 24 years of experience in the oil and gas industry, with a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering. Experience includes various engineering and leadership roles.
2) Technical expertise in areas like piping, pressure vessels, and mechanical equipment. Recognition through various innovation and safety awards.
3) A track record of successfully completing engineering projects and analyses to solve challenges like equipment failures, leaks, and ensuring safety. Methods include finite element analysis, fitness for service assessments, and dynamic modeling.
Gas Technology Institute, Boehlke Bottled Gas Corporation & AmeriGas - Statio...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Are you interested in the station installation guidelines for LPG? Learn about the basics guidelines, processes, and experiences of installing a LPG station.
Gas Technology Institute, Boehlke Bottled Gas Corporation & AmeriGas - Statio...South Shore Clean Cities
This document provides installation guidance for LPG (propane) refueling stations. It discusses LPG fuel properties, fueling basics, relevant codes and standards, station components and their installation. Key points include: LPG is odorized for detection, heavier than air, and a Class IA flammable liquid. Fueling stations must meet NFPA 58 and NFPA 30A codes. Tanks, pumps and dispensers must be rated for hazardous locations. Equipment is to be located according to setback distances and electrical areas classified. Piping and fittings must be installed per codes. The dispenser requires foundations and breakaway devices. Emergency shutoffs and safety devices are addressed. Larger stations may require fire protection plans
This document summarizes key information about gaseous fire protection systems from Chapter 10. It describes the physical properties and application methods of carbon dioxide, halon, and clean agent extinguishing systems. It also discusses aerosol extinguishing systems and the approval and maintenance requirements for gaseous systems, including periodic inspections and tests as required by NFPA standards.
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
Guidelines for equipment conversion to hydrocarbon refrigerantsUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes guidelines for converting refrigeration and air conditioning equipment from non-flammable refrigerants to hydrocarbon refrigerants. It notes that conversions to flammable refrigerants should only be done if absolutely necessary and can be done safely. It provides recommendations on the conversion process, including only conducting conversions in workshops, developing conversion kits and risk assessments, proper equipment marking, leak detection procedures, technician training guidelines, and emphasizes that conversions should only be done by highly trained technicians using safe equipment and methods.
Este documento resume las alternativas disponibles para reemplazar al refrigerante HCFC-22. Actualmente existen 24 refrigerantes como opciones para reemplazar al HCFC-22, incluyendo mezclas como R-422D y R-407C que pueden ser utilizadas. El R410A se usa comúnmente para equipos nuevos de alta eficiencia. Se necesitan más estudios sobre las mezclas de HFC/HC a bajas temperaturas debido a problemas de solubilidad entre el refrigerante y el aceite lubricante.
El documento proporciona información sobre refrigerantes, incluidas sus propiedades ideales, clasificaciones y ejemplos. Explica las diferencias entre refrigerantes puros, mezclas azeotrópicas y zeotrópicas. También incluye tablas que muestran refrigerantes recomendados para diferentes aplicaciones y equipos de refrigeración.
El documento trata sobre gases refrigerantes. Explica que un refrigerante es cualquier sustancia que puede absorber calor a baja presión y temperatura y liberarlo a mayor presión y temperatura. Describe la evolución de los refrigerantes desde los primeros usados a inicios del siglo XX hasta los actuales, señalando hitos como la invención de los CFC y su impacto en la capa de ozono. Finalmente, detalla propiedades y clasificaciones de los refrigerantes modernos.
El documento describe el ciclo de refrigeración, incluyendo las etapas de evaporación, compresión, condensación y expansión. Explica cómo un refrigerante se convierte de líquido a gas en el evaporador absorbiendo calor, luego es comprimido a alta presión y temperatura en el compresor, para luego condensarse a líquido en el condensador al ceder calor, y finalmente expandirse a baja presión y temperatura para completar el ciclo.
The document discusses the air conditioning system in automobiles. It begins by defining air conditioning and explaining how car AC works by using a compressor, condenser, and evaporator to circulate refrigerant and remove heat from the inside of the vehicle. The document also briefly looks at the history of AC in cars, how the AC controller works, and possibilities for future automobile air conditioning technologies. It concludes by listing sources for further information.
Valeo Air Conditioning AC system Thermal comfort loop valeoscope technical ha...Hugo Vallet
Valeo Service is proud to present you the Air Conditioning technical handbook.
From the Kyoto protocol to thermal comfort rules, system overview and interactions between components, this book will allow you to rediscover the air conditioning system.
More focussed operations on the A/C system are treated through technical bulletins and videos.
Table of content:
1. Disclaimer
2. Valeo, the air conditioning multi-specialist
3. Valeo Techassist
4. Regulations on the A/C business
5. Air conditioning: well-being in the cabin all year long
6. Thermal comfort
7. Air conditioning: comfort and safety
8. Introduction to air conditioning systems
9. The Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning unit (HVAC)
10. The air conditioning - A/C loop
11. The components of the A/C loop
12. Why regular A/C servicing?
More info on http://www.valeoservice.com
Check also:
• Valeo Air Conditioning 2014 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-for-passenger-cars-lcvs-trucks-coaches-2014-955657-catalogue
• Valeo Cabin Air Filter 2014 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-air-conditioning-cabin-air-filter-for-passenger-cars-lcvs-trucks-coaches-2014-catalogue-955658
• Valeo Garage Equipment 2014-2015 955660 English catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/valeo-garage-equipment-20142015-955660-english-catalogue
• Valeo Refrigerant Gaz 2012-2016-2017 catalogue: http://www.slideshare.net/ValeoService/vs-air-conditioning-20122016-2017-regrigerant-gaz-catalogue-955600
To lean more about:
• compressor functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/mRC0dYZiRqg
• condenser functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/q8b_vb_OTT0
• receiver dryer functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/cEdwzi4-ZrQ
• blower functions in the A/C loop: https://youtu.be/tmzA6EFMM4w
• HVAC main components: https://youtu.be/msBWMWk5zDE
Valeo, automotive technology, naturally
Los fabricantes de gases refrigerantes los envasan en cilindros de colores, respetando el código de colores de AHRI (Air conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute), que a su vez utiliza el PMS (Pantone Matching System), un lenguaje internacional de impresión que se utiliza para los colores. El AHRI asigna los colores de acuerdo con el Standard 34 de ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers)
El documento explica el ciclo de refrigeración en los sistemas de aire acondicionado. Describe los cuatro procesos principales (compresión, condensación, expansión y evaporación) y los componentes clave (compresor, condensador, válvula y evaporador). También cubre los gases refrigerantes usados y cómo funcionan para enfriar un espacio transfieriendo calor.
Manual de buenas practicas de refrigeraciónCecilia M.
Este documento describe la capa de ozono, una zona de la atmósfera que protege la vida en la Tierra absorbiendo la radiación ultravioleta dañina del Sol. La capa de ozono se encuentra a entre 11 y 48 km sobre la superficie y está compuesta principalmente de moléculas de ozono, un tipo de oxígeno con tres átomos. A pesar de ser muy delgada, la capa de ozono es crucial para la vida al bloquear la mayor parte de la radiación UV-B dañina.
Kältemittel der vierten Generation (Dr. Walter Sorg, DuPont de Nemours)co2online gem. GmbH
Vortrag "Kältemittel der vierten Generation" von Dr. Walter Sorg, DuPont de Nemours, beim Fachkongress "Kältetechnologien - Quo vadis?" und der Verleihung des 4. Deutschen Kältepreises am 20. März 2012 in Berlin
Automotive air conditioning training manualTaufiq Atan
Here are the key points about scroll compressors:
- They have two interleaved spiral wraps, one fixed and one orbiting, that work like a scroll to progressively fold refrigerant vapor into higher pressures.
- They are more efficient than reciprocating piston compressors since there are no suction or discharge valves and minimal leakage.
- They operate more smoothly and quietly than piston compressors due to their continuous compression process versus the pulsating action of pistons.
- Common failures include worn or damaged scrolls, seized orbiting scroll, faulty bearings, or electrical issues with the motor.
- Like other compressors, they require proper lubrication and refrigerant charge for optimal performance.
- Scroll
This document outlines Global Hose Management procedures for Expro to standardize identification, use, maintenance and safety practices regarding hoses used in well testing operations. It details hose procurement, inspection, tracking, rig up/down, storage, transportation and discard processes. The goal is to establish best practices for hose selection, use and maintenance to prevent incidents from hose failures through standardized procedures.
Essential training on non water based fire protection Sabrul Jamil
Although water is the best fire protection material, it can not be used across all the systems. So this training is based on these NON-WATER BASED FIRE PROTECTION which includes CLEAN AGENT & FOAM SYSTEM, Kitchen Fire Solution, Techniques for Oxygen reduction and various type of fire prevention like passive fire protection.
Proven Oilfield Cost Reduction & Environmental ResultsBen Lucas
Introduction, analysis and projection model for HSE improvements to production, service, maintenance, repair, field services, manufacturing and other types of industrial processes - specifically, outlining the benefits to HSE and cost reduction for Oilfield related activities from actual users over the last few years utilizing proven green replacement solutions.
This document provides a summary of an individual's qualifications and experience. It includes:
1) Over 24 years of experience in the oil and gas industry, with a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering. Experience includes various engineering and leadership roles.
2) Technical expertise in areas like piping, pressure vessels, and mechanical equipment. Recognition through various innovation and safety awards.
3) A track record of successfully completing engineering projects and analyses to solve challenges like equipment failures, leaks, and ensuring safety. Methods include finite element analysis, fitness for service assessments, and dynamic modeling.
Gas Technology Institute, Boehlke Bottled Gas Corporation & AmeriGas - Statio...Wisconsin Clean Cities
Are you interested in the station installation guidelines for LPG? Learn about the basics guidelines, processes, and experiences of installing a LPG station.
Gas Technology Institute, Boehlke Bottled Gas Corporation & AmeriGas - Statio...South Shore Clean Cities
This document provides installation guidance for LPG (propane) refueling stations. It discusses LPG fuel properties, fueling basics, relevant codes and standards, station components and their installation. Key points include: LPG is odorized for detection, heavier than air, and a Class IA flammable liquid. Fueling stations must meet NFPA 58 and NFPA 30A codes. Tanks, pumps and dispensers must be rated for hazardous locations. Equipment is to be located according to setback distances and electrical areas classified. Piping and fittings must be installed per codes. The dispenser requires foundations and breakaway devices. Emergency shutoffs and safety devices are addressed. Larger stations may require fire protection plans
This document summarizes key information about gaseous fire protection systems from Chapter 10. It describes the physical properties and application methods of carbon dioxide, halon, and clean agent extinguishing systems. It also discusses aerosol extinguishing systems and the approval and maintenance requirements for gaseous systems, including periodic inspections and tests as required by NFPA standards.
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
This document discusses leak detection and repair for liquids and gases. It provides details on the types of equipment that can leak at facilities like refineries and chemical plants. It describes methods for identifying leaks using infrared cameras and measuring their size. The document also discusses implementing a leak detection and repair program to reduce pollution and costs from lost product. Regulated industries must inspect components like valves, pumps and compressors on a regular basis.
Techenomics Mongolia LLC provides oil analysis, condition monitoring, and lubrication services in Mongolia. It was established in 2012 as a subsidiary of Techenomics International of Australia, which has 20 years of experience providing similar services. The company's laboratory was certified to MNS ISO/IEC 17025 standards in 2015. Techenomics Mongolia offers services including oil analysis, hydraulic foaming tests, fuel testing, grease testing, and transformer oil analysis to extend equipment life and maximize asset reliability for customers in mining, railway, and power industries.
Fugitive emissions are unintended releases of gases from industrial equipment like pumps, compressors, and valves. This document discusses strategies for reducing fugitive emissions from oil and gas operations at the Jubilee Field in Ghana. It recommends developing a leak detection and repair program to monitor equipment for leaks. Selecting appropriate seals for equipment and following a direct inspection and maintenance process can minimize emissions. While flaring at the FPSO exceeds limits, substituting nitrile seals could help reduce emissions cost-effectively. Overall, a long-term commitment is needed using regulations, alternative energy, and improved management practices to significantly cut fugitive emissions.
This technical training document outlines several product training modules for automotive technicians, including:
- Air conditioning systems, covering components, operation, diagnosis, and the Valeo air quality concept.
- Passenger car clutch systems, discussing components, operation principles, diagnosis of common issues.
- Clutch systems for heavy duty vehicles and commercial applications.
- Starter and alternator machines, covering fundamentals, components, functioning principles, technological evolution, and the Valeo remanufacturing process.
The modules aim to familiarize technicians with automotive subsystems, diagnostic skills, and Valeo products and services. Presentations will cover commercial perspectives, technical details, and hands-on
Oil Technics Ltd (OTL):Spill Training ManualDavid Holmes
2014 will no doubt bring new challenges for those managing an EMS. The OTL Spill Training Manual is our way of helping. Its Free of Charge, so if you want an electroinic version, with no strings attached contact me at: david.holmes@oiltechnics.com
Oil Technics Ltd: General Overview Brochure.Dave Holmes
We are Oil Technics Ltd: Manufacturers of Bioremediation (Hydrocarbon Digesters) and Rig/Deck/Equipment Wash Degreasers.
For more information on our products please visit: www.oiltechnics.com
Oil Technics Ltd: General Overview BrochureDave Holmes
This General Overview Brochure will give you some good example of what we manufacture and supply. For more information please contact: sales@oiltechnics.com or visit: www.oiltechnics.com
OTL : We have updated our Generic Brochure to give you a snapshot look at just some of the products that we have manufactured and supply globally.
If you require details in more depth: visit our website: www.oiltechnics.com or contact me at: david.holmes@oiltechnics.com
Oil Technics Ltd: General Overview BrochureDave Holmes
This brochure will give you a general overview of the type of products that we manufacture and supply. For more information please contact : sales@oiltechnics.com or visit: www.oiltechnics.com
Oil Technics Ltd: This brochure will give you a general example of the products that we manufacture and supply.
for more information please contact: sales@oiltechnics.com or visit our website: www.oiltechnics.com
The document provides an overview of products offered by Oil Technics Ltd, including fire fighting foams and foam testing services, absorbents, spill kits, and cleaning chemicals. The company offers a range of fire fighting foams that are C6 compliant as well as non-C6 foams. It also provides foam testing services to test foam concentrates and produced foams. Absorbents include pads, socks, and booms for oil-only or multi-use spills. Spill kits and storage units are available for oil, maintenance, or hazardous chemicals. Cleaning products include oil spill treatments, degreasers, and sanitizers.
Oil Technics Ltd General Overview BrochureDave Holmes
Oil Technics Ltd: We are an Aberdeenshire, Scotland (UK) based manufacturer. This General Overview Brochure will give you an insight into what we manufacture. For more information, please contact: sales@oiltechnics.com or visit: www.oiltechnics.com
Similar to An Introduction to Implementation of HFO-1234 yf (20)
Proper management and responsible use of refrigerantsUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's refrigerant management and certification structure as of October 2011. Key aspects include personnel and company certification in four categories, a real-time IT system for certification and monitoring, and requirements for trace-keeping of the refrigerant lifecycle from production and import through use, recovery, reclamation, and disposal. The goal is a well-organized monitoring system and database to track refrigerant quantities and flows within Hungary and support reporting to EU and Hungarian authorities.
The influence on leakage rate of RAC equipmentUNEP OzonAction
The document describes the Dutch approach to reducing refrigerant leakage from HVAC systems through certification of personnel. It began in 1991 with mandatory CFC reduction and a bottom-up certification process for the predominantly small HVAC businesses in the Netherlands. Personnel were required to pass an assessment on refrigerant handling, brazing, and system knowledge. This increased awareness and led to quality improvements like proper refrigerant accounting and leak prevention practices. As a result, refrigerant leakage rates dropped rapidly from over 30% in 1990 to under 5-10% by 1999. The audit process for certified companies and technicians is also summarized.
Energy Performance of Building Directive, energetic inspection, equipment and...UNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes a presentation on the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and its recast. It discusses key aspects of the EPBD including its requirements for energy performance standards, energy certification, and inspection of HVAC systems. The recast aims to strengthen these provisions, calculate cost-optimal energy levels, and set a roadmap for increasing nearly zero-energy buildings. It also discusses Hungary's implementation of the EPBD and certification programs from Eurovent.
Registration of Operators and administration of refrigeration circuits, IT ba...UNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's system for registering operators and administering refrigeration circuits using an IT-based logbook to implement ODS and F-Gas regulations. It describes how personnel and companies are certified in different categories. Operators of equipment with over 3kg of refrigerant and mobile systems must register circuits and appoint certified partners. The Hungarian Monitoring and Certification Body's online system allows real-time registration of circuits and storage of technical and administrative documents like leak checks and repairs. Over 31,000 refrigeration circuits have been registered in the system since its launch in 2009.
Scope and tools of theoretical traning and assassementUNEP OzonAction
This document describes the scope and tools used for theoretical and practical training at a vocational school for refrigeration and air conditioning tradespeople established in 1995. It provides details on the school's facilities, equipment, certification, course outlines covering relevant topics, and tools used for hands-on training. The goal is to improve students' knowledge and apply up-to-date information and standards to prepare them for work in the field.
Hungarian Refrigeration and Air Conditioning AssocitationUNEP OzonAction
The Hungarian Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Association (HRACA) was established in 1993 and has 350 members. It aims to connect members, provide information, protect interests, set training standards, and manage events. HRACA oversees personnel certification and established departments for various refrigeration and air conditioning specialties after reforms in 2010 to address new challenges. It has a general assembly, president, department leaders, and central office to carry out its activities.
The document summarizes Hungary's personnel and company certification structure for implementing ODS and F-Gas regulations, as presented in October 2011. It outlines the certification process for personnel, including requirements, categories, interim certificates, assessments, and restrictions. It also describes the company certification process and Hungary's monitoring and certification structure for refrigerants.
"Closed-technology" Certification and Monitoring tools for RAC and HP sectorUNEP OzonAction
The document summarizes Hungary's implementation of certification and monitoring for ozone depleting substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases. It describes the development of Hungary's certification system over time, including establishing a certification body. It also outlines Hungary's current system which includes certification of personnel and companies, registration of operators and equipment, and a database to monitor refrigerants and improve compliance.
The document discusses refrigerant policy and the phase out of HCFCs in Hungary. Key points:
1) Hungary has been phasing out HCFCs according to the Montreal Protocol, with a complete ban on HCFC production and import by 2010 except for servicing existing equipment.
2) Technicians play an important role in the HCFC phase out by properly servicing, recovering, and disposing of equipment and refrigerants. They must be certified and use best practices.
3) Common refrigerants like R-22 are being replaced by alternatives like HFC blends or natural refrigerants depending on the application. Drop-in replacements and retrofits require modifying the system.
The "merged" Hungarian govermental regulationUNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes the Hungarian governmental regulation on activities related to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases). It outlines the key responsible government organs and certification bodies. It also defines important terms, and describes requirements around import/export, containment, leakage checking, reporting, training and penalties. Annexes provide additional details on certification schemes and technological standards. The regulation has been modified over time to align with evolving European Union directives.
National Conferedration of Refrigeration GuidsUNEP OzonAction
The document discusses the REAL Skills Europe training scheme for reducing refrigerant emissions and leakage. It provides:
- An e-learning program with 4 modules covering environmental, legal, and technical best practices for minimizing refrigerant leakage.
- Online assessments to test knowledge with a final assessment involving a site survey report.
- A REAL Skills Europe register for technicians who complete the training to promote their expertise in leakage reduction.
- The goal of the training is to increase awareness of refrigerant emissions issues and provide practical guidance and tools to help lower emissions across the refrigeration and air conditioning industry in Europe.
The Duch approch - Netherlands experience from 1991 till F-gas regulation in ...UNEP OzonAction
The document describes the Dutch approach to regulating personnel competence in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump (RAC) systems. It discusses the establishment of STEK in 1992 as a private foundation overseen by the Dutch government to set guidelines for RAC technician qualifications and company regulations based on EN 13313. STEK assesses technicians through modules covering theoretical, brazing, refrigerant handling, and installation inspection skills. The assessment process began with on-site evaluations and has evolved according to changing EU regulations.
This document provides an overview of French regulations for implementing the F-Gaz regulation, which concerns refrigerants like CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs. It describes the French system, which requires operator certification and staff certification, equipment traceability, leak reporting, and other obligations. It also introduces DATAFLUIDES, a centralized online computing system that allows all actors like certified companies and the Ministry to track information on refrigerant operators, staff certifications, and annual reporting obligations. The system aims to improve traceability and help ensure all actors comply with regulation requirements.
EPEE is promoting the EU F-Gas Regulation and calls for its revision to further reduce emissions. The regulation has started to deliver emission reductions through its containment and reporting requirements. If fully implemented, it could stabilize emissions at current levels. However, to meet the EU's 2050 climate goals, more efforts are needed. EPEE supports a balanced phase-down approach over prescriptive bans to promote energy efficiency and innovation while reducing emissions.
Thematic meeting on HPMPs, certification and log-booksUNEP OzonAction
This document summarizes a meeting in Budapest, Hungary on HPMPs, certification and logbooks for the Regional Ozone Network for Europe and Central Asia. It provides information on HCFC phase-out schedules, trends in HCFC use from 2009-2010 in various countries, and the benefits of the Montreal Protocol HCFC phase-out for ozone protection and climate change mitigation. Tables outline whether countries in the region have certification schemes for servicing companies and technicians, as well as whether they implement HCFC and equipment logbooks.
This document discusses the HCFC phase-out and its associated climate benefits. It contains the following:
1) An introduction from the Indonesian Environment Minister highlighting Indonesia's commitment to phasing out HCFCs in cooperation with industry and international partners to achieve climate benefits.
2) Short articles on projects demonstrating HCFC alternatives in developing countries led by UNDP, UNIDO, the World Bank and others.
3) Additional pieces on challenges and opportunities for meeting the HCFC phase-out in countries like China, the Gulf, Australia and discussions of technologies, energy efficiency, the informal prior informed consent mechanism and more.
This document summarizes information from an EPA investigation into the smuggling of ozone depleting substances. It discusses EPA's criminal investigation division and efforts to enforce regulations on ODS under the Clean Air Act and Montreal Protocol. The document outlines a case called Operation Catch-22 that targeted an international criminal network involved in smuggling the ODS HCFC-22. It provides details on the criminal cases brought against importers, distributors, and others involved in the smuggling operation.
The Montreal Protocol established a staggered schedule for phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) that unintentionally contributed to illegal trade. Developing countries were given a 10-year grace period, creating potential for smuggling ODS into developed countries after their 1996 ban. In response, parties adopted licensing systems to track trade and a framework requiring import/export licenses. However, illegal trade continues due to discrepancies in reported trade data, possible illicit production, weak transit controls, and lack of priority given to enforcement. As HCFC phase-outs begin, black market trade is a concern that could threaten compliance with the Protocol.
UNEP has worked to strengthen countries' environmental enforcement capacities through various initiatives. These include supporting the development of national environmental laws, building judicial and enforcement officials' awareness and skills through training programs, and facilitating cooperation and information sharing between countries. However, gaps remain regarding enforcement due to factors like insufficient prioritization of environmental issues, lack of coordination, and limited resources. UNEP's ongoing work aims to further build capacities and promote environmental justice through guidelines, partnerships, and international platforms for collaboration.
Update on the enforcement and illegal traffic activities under the Basel Conv...UNEP OzonAction
The Basel Convention aims to protect human health and the environment from hazardous waste. It regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous waste and requires environmentally sound waste management. The document discusses enforcement of the convention, including defining illegal waste traffic. It also describes capacity building activities to help parties prevent and prosecute illegal waste movements, such as training customs officers and developing a manual to aid legal professionals in prosecution.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
3. Honeywell.com
Organizations / ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹
• Government chemical registration / regulations / Õþ¸®»¯Ñ§Æ·¹ÜÀí»ú¹¹
– Europe / Å·ÖÞ
• REACH / Å·ÃË¡¶»¯Ñ§Æ·×¢²á¡¢ÆÀ¹À¡¢ÊÚȨºÍÏÞÖÆÖƶȡ·
• ATEX / Å·Ã˹ØÓÚÇ±Ô Ú ±¬Õ¨»·¾³ÓõÄÉ豸¼°±£»¤ÏµÍ³µÄ·¨¹æ
• Country and local regulations / µØ·½·¨¹æ
– US / ÃÀ¹ú
• Environmental Protection Agency / »·±£²¿: SNAP, PMN
• Department of Transportation (DOT) / ÔËÊ䲿
• Individual States / ¸÷Öݵط½·¨¹æ
• National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) / ÃÀ¹úÏû·ÀÐ-»á
• UL
• Building Codes / ½¨Öþ·¨¹æ
• OSHA / Ö°Òµ°²È«ÓëÎÀÉú¹ÜÀí¾Ö
– SAE / Æû³µ¹¤³Ìѧ»á
– ASHRAE / ²Éů¡¢ÖÆÀäºÍ¿Õµ÷¹¤³ÌʦÐ-»á
– ISO / ¹ú¼Ê±ê×¼»¯×éÖ¯
3
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
4. Honeywell.com
What’s different for HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a?
HFO-1234yfºÍR-134aµÄ²»Í¬Ö®´¦
• Transportation / ÔËÊä
• Storage / ´¢´æ
• Assembly line facilities / ×°ÅäÏßÉ豸
• Service facilities / άÐÞÉ豸
HFO-1234yf is mildly flammable which will influence facility and equipment selection
HFO-1234yfÊÇÇá¶È¿ÉȼµÄ£¬Òò´ËӦѡÔñºÏÊʵÄ×°ÖúÍÉ豸
4
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
5. Honeywell.com
Transportation / ÔËÊä
• HFO-1234yf is classified as a flammable gas in all regions:
Europe, Japan, US
HFOÔÚÅ·ÖÞ¡¢ÈÕ±¾¡¢ÃÀ¹ú¶¼ÊôÓÚ¿ÉȼÐÔÆøÌå
• All containers will have flammability classification identification
ËùÓÐÈÝÆ÷Ó¦ÓпÉȼÐÔ·ÖÀà±ê¼Ç
– Placards / ¿ÉȼÐÔ±êÅÆ
– Cylinder Color Band / ¸ÖÆ¿ÑÕÉ«
Flammable gases are currently distributed in all regions
ÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ¶¼´æÔÚ¿ÉȼÐÔÆøÌåµÄ¹ã·º·Ö·¢
5
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
6. Honeywell.com
Refrigerants Classification Overview / ÖÆÀä¼Á·ÖÀà×ÝÀÀ
Refrigerant
Flammable Gas Classification
Classification
ÆøÌå¿ÉȼÐÔ·ÖÀà
Gas / ÆøÌå EU / Å·ÃË Japan / ÈÕ±¾ US / ÃÀ¹ú ASHRAE 34 ISO 817*
Safety Group
Propane / ±ûÍé Flammable Flammable Flammable A3 A3
HFC-152a Flammable Flammable Flammable A2 Safety Group A2
Safety Group
Ammonia / °± Flammable Flammable Nonflammable B2 B2L
Safety Group
HFC-32 Flammable Nonflammable Flammable A2 A2L
Safety Group
1234yf Flammable Flammable Flammable A2* A2L*
*Based on measured properties / »ùÓÚ²âÊÔÐÔÖÊ
6
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
7. Honeywell.com
Storage / ´¢´æ
• Refrigerant delivery area / ÖÆÀä¼Á·¢ËÍÇøÓò
• Storage site location criteria / ´¢´æµØµãÑ¡Ôñ¿¼ÂÇÒòËØ
– Quantity / ´¢´æÁ¿
– Distance from buildings / À뽨ÖþÎïµÄ¾àÀë
– Ventilation / ͨ·ç
• Storage tank considerations / ´¢¹Þ¿¼ÂÇÒòËØ
– Permanent bulk tank / ÓÀ¾ÃÐÔ´¢¹Þ
– ISO Container / ²Û³µ
– Cylinders / ¸ÖÆ¿
7
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
8. Honeywell.com
Outdoor Storage / ÊÒÍâ´¢´æ
• Rigid piping, grounded / ½ÓµØÓ²¹Ü
• Adequately supported and free of corrosion
×㹻ǿµÄÖ§³Å£¬±ÜÃⸯʴ
To charging station
´¢¹Þ ±Ã·¿
È¥Íù³ä×°Ïß
Storage
Tank Pump
cabinet
• Pump motors rated appropriately / µç»úÊʵ±
Grounding cable / ½ÓµØÏß • Non-sparking motors / Î޻𻨵ç»ú
•Tank location : distance from building and pedestrian paths. / ´¢¹ÞλÖãºÔ¶À뽨ÖþºÍÈËÐеÀ
•Adequate grounding / ³ä·Ö½ÓµØ
•Tank on firm foundation fireproof concrete support / µØ»ù¼áʵ£¬·À»ð»ìÄýÍÁÖ§³Å
•No smoking designated area, and no source of open flame / ½ûÖ¹ÎüṈ̃êÖ¾£¬ÑÏ·ÀÃ÷»ð
•Tank equipped with excess flow valve. / ´¢¹Þ°²×°ÓйýÁ÷±£»¤·§
8
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
14. Honeywell.com
Schematic of charging machine / ³ä×¢»úʾÒâͼ
De-gasing
noncondensables
²»ÄýÐÔÆøÌåÍÑÆø
Vacuum Pump
Õæ¿Õ±Ã »ØÊÕ
Recovering
1234yf
feed vacuuming
³éÕæ¿Õ
Charging
½øÁÏ
³ä×¢
³ä×¢¿Ú Charging Nozzle
• Several Pneumatic valves used ʹÓà µ½ ¼¸¸ö Æø¶¯ ·§
• Control valve actuators are 5V based ¿ØÖÆÖ´ÐÐÆ÷ʹÓÃ5Vµçѹ
• Not all systems have a refrigerant recovering at nozzle.²¢·ÇËùÓÐϵͳ
• Process: vacuuming followed by charging followed by ¶¼ÓлØÊÕµã
recovering (if included) Á÷³Ì º £ ³éÕæ¿Õ£¬³å×¢£¬»ØÊÕ
• Both vacuuming and Recovering can be a source of air
Nitrogen ´¢ÒºÆ÷ leakage into the system. ³éÕæ¿ÕºÍ»ØÊÕ¹ý³Ì¶¼¿ÉÄÜÈÿÕÆø½øÈëϵͳÖÐ
(to pressurize container) Accumulator / Reservoir
If the Charging machine is incorporated into a sealed or
Èç¹û³ä×¢»ú°²×°ÔÚÃÜ·â·¿¼äÄÚ£¬Ð¹Â¶¼ì²âÆ÷´¥·¢µÄ inerted cabinet, a ventilation system activated by a leak
ͨ·çϵͳ¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâ·¿¼äÄÚÖÆÀä¼ÁŨ¶È´ïµ½¿Éȼ¼«ÏÞ detector (<25% of LFL) can avoid flammable concentrations.
14
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
18. Honeywell.com
For Additional Information / ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢
NFPA 497 and NFPA 55 are most applicable for HFO-1234yf
NFPA497ºÍNFPA55ÊÊÓÃÓÚHFO-12
34yf
For additional information, download the
HFO-1234yf Use and Handling Guidelines
www.1234facts.com
18
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China
19. Honeywell.com
www.honeywell.com
DISCLAIMER
Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without
guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the
responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information
and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or
warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should
not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required.
19
International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning
June 2010, Nanjing, China