Introducing session 'Industry and other stakeholders partnerships' by UNEP
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Introducing session 'Industry and other stakeholders partnerships' at 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference. Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for improving water and energy access, efficiency and sustainability. 13-16 January 2014
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Introducing session 'Industry and other stakeholders partnerships' by UNEP
- 2. Robust partnerships to ensure water and energy efficiency and environmental sustainability UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference Zaragoza, 14 January, 2013 Shaoyi Li Head, Integrated Resource Management Unit, UNEP 2
- 3. Understanding the nexus: a science-policy interface dimension • Biophysical nexus – Water and energy are an integral part of ecosystem; – Water, energy and environmental flows; – Bio-geo chemical circle and the energy-water nexus • Utilitarian nexus – Production: hydro, extractive, cooling, desalination, pumping….. – Waste water treatment • Institutional nexus – – – – Comprehensive understanding Integrated planning Corresponding technologies and infrastructure Governance, policies and capacity
- 4. Did you know? The world may suffer 40% fresh water deficit by 2030, while energy demand increase by 1/3, generating additional pressures on natural resource base Fortunately many water problems are socio-economic and political, rather than physical, and could be solved by transparent and effective water governance.
- 5. Domestic: 10% Industrial: 20% Irrigation: 70% Environmental flows: What’s left
- 6. Water is life and integral part of ecosystem
- 7. Better understanding the nexus • Addressing complex nexus and trade-offs between various resources requires more scientific understanding • Innovations are needed to address “lockin” issues and prevent rebound effects • Need to move beyond efficiency and address issues of resource restoration and regeneration, and sustainable consumption • Need to further mainstream decoupling and sustainable resource management in relevant political processes • Need to ensure that policy goals and targets are formulated so as to promote the decoupling of socio-economic development from unsustainable depletion of resources and increasing environmental impact 7
- 8. 8
- 9. Principle and approach: buzz words • Poverty eradication and human centred – – – – Availability and accessibility Energy for all: 800m deficit Safe and clean water for all: 1.7b deficit Basic sanitation: 1/3 world population and 80% waste water discharged without any treatment • Sustain economic growth – Efficiency – Life cycle thinking: Australia vs Singapore • Ecosystem and natural resource base – Flows – Clean
- 10. Capitalizing the nexus • Resource efficiency technologies – Efficient irrigation techniques; – savings in urban water use (eco-design, urban planning); – energy and water efficiency in supply and sanitation; reduction at source. • Economic instruments – – – – Water pricing to provide incentives for innovation; full cost recovery (incl. environmental and resource costs); full transparency of water prices and investments; scrutiny on adverse subsidies. • Policy instruments – – – – Institutional and fiscal reforms; capacity building, enhance consumer awareness; Improve transparency and availability of data; Investments in science, technology and innovations.
- 11. Water - energy - food - environment nexus compounding scarcity and crisis and offering better opportunities… • Improve energy, water and food security in a holistic and coordinated manner • Enables dialogue and concerted action for integrated policies, planning and management • Drive institutional and technical innovations to use finite natural resources more efficiently • Address externalities across the various sectors involved and support decision-making
- 12. Enabling the nexus • Assessment tools – Resource Assessments, Life Cycle Assessments, Strategic Environment Assessments, and economic valuation; – Audits; – Accounting; – Efficient utility management; – Tools and benchmarking; – Indicators. – Cross-sectoral integration – Water, agriculture, environment, energy, trade, transport, et al. • Building partnerships
- 13. The business case for focusing on the nexus: • Reduced risk in operations and supply-chains; • Improved productivity; • Short-term ROI success and longterm investment planning; • Enhanced brand and reputation; • Full cost accounting and resources and improved access to capital. Conservation International (2013)
- 14. The Story of a dry island
- 15. Integrated approaches Water markets in Australia: Making the best use of Australia’s limited fresh water resources Aim: to facilitate the economically efficient allocation of water while ensuring environmental sustainability. Australian government (2011)
- 17. A miracle in desert: Israel Case
- 18. Integrated approaches Israel: Water revolution in infrastructure and organization The State in collaboration with the private sector has managed to maximize his limited resource and create a green and blooming environment: • Promotion and development of a desalination program; • One of the world’s highest wastewater reuse rates; • Low water loss; • Developing agricultural and water technologies as successful export branches. Israeli government (2013)
- 19. Panel questions: • Why do we need robust partnerships to address the waterenergy, food and sanitation nexus issues? • What are the challenges and opportunities for partnerships to be effective and successful on the nexus? • What are building blocks (key elements) for partnerships to plan and implement concerted actions? And • Please propose 2-3 concrete suggestions to forge and promote partnerships?
Editor's Notes
- On a global level, about 70% of freshwater used by people supports irrigation, 15-35% of which is considered unsustainable, especially when groundwater is being extracted more quickly than it is replaced, for example from Pleistocene aquifers in countries such as the USA and Saudi Arabia. About 22% is used for industrial use (though this is as high as 60% in industrialized countries and less than 10% in some developing countries), and about 8% is used for household use (averaging about 50 liters/person/day) (Gleick, 2010). Such figures are somewhat misleading because water is never really “consumed”, but rather is constantly recycled and the same water has been used for many purposes over millions of years. On a shorter time scale, irrigation water that is not absorbed by crops, for example, may run into rivers where it can be used for industrial purposes, hydropower, power plant cooling, and recreational and environmental purposes (WBCSD, 2000). Much of the water used by plants is transpired, making it available in the form of dew or rain (though often far away). Thus, natural and man-made water recycling and reuse systems do not always operate on a local scale, for instance in a facility or operation, but constitute parts of more extended water cycles. This poses a considerable challenge for water resource managers who may be working within a single facility, or even a watershed. Freshwater also provides indirect benefits to people, especially the rural poor. Covering less that 1 % of the Earth’s surface, freshwater habitats support almost 45% of allfish species, 25% of all molluscs, and essential habitats for many water birds and mammals (Boon and Pringle, 2009). These biological resources provide much of the protein supply to rural people. Freshwater systems also provide critical habitats to species that play important roles in local economies, for example through integrated pest management (dragonflies, amphibians, and mosquito fish consume vast numbers of harmful insects).
- For instance, Singapore economy has grown 25 fold over the last 40 years, making it one of the fastest transitions from “developing” to “leading first world” country in history. Its population has also grown by a factor of 2.5 in that period from 1.7 million to 4.4 million today. Yet by comparison water use has only increased only 5 fold, which is only a 2 fold per capita increase in that 40 year period. In terms of water consumption in absolute terms this represents a five-fold relative decoupling in terms of water consumption in this period for the whole Singapore economy. (Figure 1.16)
- Figure 3.14: Australia - Absolute Decoupling of Economic Growth from Freshwater Abstraction [100 = 2001 levels] (Source: Smith, 2011)
- Figure 3.21: Israel, cultivated area versus water use 1950-2000 (Israel’s most remarkable achievements have been in the agricultural sector. In this sector, Israel has reduced freshwater usage in 2010 back to 1960 levels. Israel, famously invented drip irrigation for agriculture and has been able to expand agriculture production 9 fold, over the last 40 years, without increasing water usage for several decades (Figure 3.21). Israel has achieved 70-80% levels of water efficiency in irrigated agriculture through drip irrigation, the highest water efficiency rate in the world, resulting in the highest crop yield per water unit. Whilst ensuring water consumption in agriculture has barely risen since 1960 through investments in water efficiency, Israel has invested heavily in water treatment and recycling so that today 83% of all water used in agriculture is recycled water. Thus Israel has achieved absolute decoupling of economic growth from freshwater abstraction for domestic agricultural production.