13. MICRO BIOLOGY.pdf MEDICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

1. 209
Microbiology
Departmental Objectives
Undergraduate medical students after completing the course on Microbiology will become well
versed about the behavior and etiology of microbial diseases, their pathogenesis, immunological
responses involved and some important clinical illnesses that would enable them to plan and interpret
necessary laboratory investigations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The department will
provide teaching-learning experiences to achieve the following learning objectives:
Knowledge
At the end of the course, students will be able to:
 describe and understand the morphology, antigenic structure, aetiopathogenesis of the diseases
caused by microbes such as bacteria, virus, parasites and fungi and the diseases caused by them
commonly prevalent in Bangladesh
 explain the host-parasite relationship, normal flora of the body, pathogens and opportunistic
pathogens
 understand the principles and applications of immunology involved in the pathogenesis,
diagnosis and prevention of microbial and immunological diseases.
 understand hospital acquired infection and its prevention
 understand the emerging and re-emerging microbial diseases in Bangladesh and their diagnosis,
control and prevention
 understand antibiotic resistant pattern and selection of appropriate antibiotics and its rational use.
 understand the antimicrobial resistance and containment of antimicrobial resistance.
 understand infection prevention and control in the hospital and outside.
 understand biosafety and biosecurity measures particularly in the laboratory.
 understand about the medical wastes disposal system.
Skill:
Students will be able to:
 plan necessary laboratory investigations selecting appropriate clinical samples at the right time,
using the right method of their collection and interpret the results of these laboratory
investigations to arrive at laboratory diagnosis of microbial and immunological diseases.
 carryout media preparation, bacterial culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests.
 perform simple laboratory tests available in Upazila Health Complex.
 Interpret the results of tests and can treat the patients accordingly.
 carry out the techniques of asepsis, antisepsis and sterilization in day to day procedures.
 under take universal precautions in laboratory and clinical practices.
Attitude:
Students will be able to:
 demonstrate the attitude for further learning, research and continuing medical education for
improvement of efficiency and skill in the subject.
 demonstrate good behavior/dealings with the patients, attendances, relatives and other personnel
involved in the medical services.

2. 210
List of Competencies to acquire:
After completion of graduation, an MBBS doctor is expected to achieve the following competency in
the area of Microbiology. An MBBS graduate will be competent to:
1. perceive the etio-pathogenesis of diseases caused by microbes commonly prevalent in
Bangladesh
2. proceed for diagnosing a case caused by microbes in terms of :
a. appropriate specimens necessary for diagnosis
b. timing of specimen collection and appropriate transport
c. appropriate diagnostic tests to advise
3. interpret the values of tests and the test results.
4. identify the basic problems of hospital acquired infection and its prevention
5. select appropriate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of common microbial diseases
6. use of antibiotics rationally
7. control infectious diseases in the hospital and outside.
8. manage patients having infectious diseases.
9. know biosafety, biosecurity and biohazards in medical practices.
10. know how to dispose off medical wastes.
11. know antimicrobial resistance and containment of antimicrobial resistance.
12. know and practice antimicrobial stewardship.
13. provide Counseling regarding vaccination against common diseases and chemoprophylaxis
14. appraise the need for research on common microbial diseases encountered in medical practice
Note: Microbial diseases include: bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi.
15. Prepare disinfectants at their own for different purposes.
16. Practice personal protection by hand hygiene, wearing PPE and keeping hospital environment
clean from infectious diseases (by practicing universal precautions).
Microbiology is now comprised of 6 subjects such as 1) Bacteriology, 2) Parasitology, 3) Virology,
4) Immunology, 5) Mycology 6) and molecular biology. All these are taught as an independent
subject in the developed world. The medical students who are placed in the inpatients and outpatient
departments have to know the clinical features, diagnosis of infectious diseases. They have to know
the immunopathophysiology of the diseases and treatment (antibiotics, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-
fungal and immunotherapies and biological therapy). In addition students have to observe the
outcome of treatment and can change the treatment accordingly. This is the best way of integrated
teaching which are being practiced. Moreover, antibiotic resistance containment program, infection
prevention and control program and antibiotic stewardship program are introduced which are best
understood while learning in wards with patents. Covid-19 has taught us the importance of emerging
infectious diseases.

3. 211
Distribution of teaching - learning hours
Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Teaching
hours
Integrated
teaching
hour for
Phase II
Formative Exam Summative
exam
Preparat
ory leave
Exam
time
Prep
arato
ry
leave
Exam
time
100 hrs 45 hrs 45 hrs 190 hrs 15 hours 10 days 15 days 10
days
15 days
Time for integrated teaching, examination, preparatory leave of formative & summative assessment is
common for all subjects of the phase
Related behavioral, professional & ethical issues will be discussed in all teaching learning sessions
Teaching-learning methods, teaching aids and evaluation
Teaching Methods Teaching aids In course evaluation
Large
group
Small
group
Self
learning
Others
(integrated
teaching)
Lecture Tutorial
Practical
Assignment,
Self study
Both vertical
and horizontal
integration
Computer and Multimedia
Bino-ocular and teaching
microscope
Microscope with projection
(magnified) system
Multimedia
Overhead projector
Slide projector , Fixed Learning
Module (FLM)
Tape slide
Video
Coloured charts
Hand out
White board /chalk board
 Item
Examination
 Card final
 Term
Examination
 Term final
(written, oral+
practical)
2nd Professional Examination:
Marks distribution of Assessment of Microbiology:
Total marks – 300
 Written= 100 (MCQ 20+SAQ & SEQ 70+formative Assessment Marks 10)
 MCQ=20 (Multiple T-F 10 + SBA 10)
 SAQ + SEQ = 70
 Structured oral examination (SOE)=100
 Practical =100 (OSPE-50 +Traditional- 40+ Practical note book-05+ Integrated
teaching-05).
[Students will prepare a short case report after each integrated teaching and will submit to all the
departments of respective phase. If total 5 classes of integrated teaching occur, students will
submit 5 such reports.]
Related Equipments:
Hot air oven, Bunsen burner, slide & cover slip, pipette, Micro pipette, Gram staining, Acid fast
staining and other staining materials, different reagent, Bino-ocular and teaching microscope,
Microscope with projection, (magnified) system, Centrifuge machine, Colorimeter,
Spectrophotometer, Incubator, Balance, Water bath, Cell Counter, Autoclave, Computer, Electrolyte
and gas analyzer, ElISA reader, Petri dish, automated blood culture machine, gene expert, PCR
machine etc.

4. 212
Learning Objectives and Course Contents in Microbiology
General Bacteriology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to :
 describe historical background and outline the scope and
importance of Microbiology as a whole and particularly in
medical science.
 describe the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
 describe different structures of bacterial cell and their functions.
 classify bacteria based on different aspects including staining and
morphology
 explain the theoretical basis of staining and clinical significance of
certain staining including Gram stain, Z-N stain and Albert stain.
CORE:
Introduction of Microbiology:
 Brief historical background
 Branches of Microbiology
 Legends in the field of Microbiology
 Koch’s postulate, molecular Koch’s postulate, the limitations
and new adjucts.
 Concept of medical biotechnology in relation to Microbiology
 Importance and scope of microbiology in medical science.
Bacterial cell:
 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells with examples
 Different structures of bacterial cell and their functions.
 Brief description of cell wall of Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria.
 Spores structure and clinical importance.
 L-forms, protoplast, spheroplast, Clinical importance of L-form.
Bacterial classification and staining:
 Nomenclature of Bacteria.
 Classification by staining, morphology, Oxygen requirement,
temperature requirement.
 Staining- Theoretical basis and clinical significance of Gram
and Z-N stain, Albert stain, Auramin-Rodamin stain
 Practical on staining: Gram, Z-N staining and Albert stain.
L–1
L –2, T – 2,
L –2, T – 2,
NB: L = Lecture. T= Tutorial. P= Practical.

5. 213
General Bacteriology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to:
 describe the general requirements related to microbial growth
 classify bacteriological media and describe their uses
 define sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis
 describe certain methods of sterilization and disinfection, and
outline their application
 select appropriate method of sterilization in their clinical practice.
 explain the mechanism of action of certain anti-microbial agents
and their resistance pattern.
 select appropriate antimicrobial agents
Nutrition and Cultivation of bacteria:
 Nutritional requirement for the growth of bacteria.
 Growth curve: phases with clinical significance
 Common bacteriological media: classification and uses.
Sterilization and Disinfection:
 Definition, classification and applications of sterilization,
disinfection and antisepsis
 Methods of sterilizations: details of autoclaving, hot air oven
and chemical methods.
 Sterilization of medical equipment and culture media.
 Disinfection of body fluid spillage and equipment.
 Preparation of disinfectants and their use.
Antimicrobial agents:
 Definition of antibiotics, antimicrobial agents,
chemotherapeutics, bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, synergism,
antagonism, selective toxicity etc.
 Classification of anti microbial agents
 Mechanism of action on bacteria with examples
 Drug resistance: origin, mechanism, transmission and
prevention
 Indication of combination of antibiotics in bacterial infection
 Hazards of indiscriminate use of antibiotics
 Defining MDR, XDR and PDR bacteria.
 Definition and importance of ESBL, MBL, MRSA, VRSA,
VRE.
 Definition and importance of Biofilm.
L – 1,
L – 2, T – 2,
L –3, T-1,

6. 214
General Bacteriology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
 describe the different aspects of host-parasite relationship
differentiate between normal, opportunistic and pathogenic
bacteria and explain their clinical importance.
 enumerate the virulence factors and explain their role in
pathogenesis
 describe the bacterial genome, DNA, chromosome, plasmid etc.
 describe how genetic materials are transferred in bacteria.
CORE:
Host-Parasite relationship:
 Terms and Definitions.
 Parasite and Host attributes
 Normal flora, opportunistic pathogens and their clinical
importance.
Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases:
 Transmission of bacterial agents.
 Virulence factors: e.g. antigens, toxins, enzymes, invasiveness
and their role in pathogenesis of diseases with examples.
Bacterial Genetics:
 Bacterial genome, DNA, chromosome, plasmid, transpozon
etc.
 Gene transfer in bacteria.
 Bacterial DNA replication.
 DNA recombination, principles of Clonning and genetic
engineering.
Septic Shock
L–1
L – 1

7. 215
Systemic Bacteriology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hrs
Student will be able to:
 enumerate the common bacterial agents in Bangladesh:
describe epidemiology, their morphology, classification and
important cultural characteristics
 mention their virulence factors and describe pathogenesis
and brief clinical features and the diseases they produce.
 describe the laboratory diagnosis: selection, collection,
transportation and preservation of clinical samples,
laboratory tests and their interpretation.
 describe in short the management of infectious diseases.
 list the important characteristics and diseases produced by
bacteria
 Staphylococci: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus,
Enterococcus(VRE), MRSA, VRSA.
 Streptococci : Group A Streptococcus, Streptococcus agalactiae and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
 Neissreia: N. gonorrhoea, N. meningitides
 Corynebacterium diphtheriae
 Enterobacteriaceae: Classification: Salmonella, Shigella, Esch. Coli and other
Enterobacteriaceae, definition and clinical significance of ESBL, MBL and
NDM-producing bacteria.
 Vibrio cholerae
 Helicobacter pylori
 Mycobacterium: M. tuberculosis, Atypical mycrobacteria
and M. leprae. MDR, XDR TB.
 Anaerobic bacteria: Clostridium: Cl. tetani, Cl. botulinum, Cl. Perfringens
and other anaerobic bacteria
 Bacillus: B. Anthracis, B. Cereus, B. Subtilis..
 Spirochaetes: Treponemma pallidum
 Important characteristics and diseases produced by: Rickettssia
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducrey, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, ,
Nocardia, Actinomycetes species
Additional:
 Streptococcus Group D
 Klebsiella, Proteus , Pseudomonas: Ps. aeruginosa , Aeromonas,
Plesiomonas,
 Campylobacter jejuni
 Bacteroides species
 Clostridium deficille
 Listeria
 Barkholderia
 G. vaginalis
 Probiotics
L –2, T - 1
L –2, T -2
L –1, T - 1
L-1
L –2, T - 2
L –1, T - 1
L –1
L –2, T - 2
L –3, T - 1
L-1, T - 1
L-2, T - 2
L-2, T - 2

8. 216
Immunology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hrs
Students will be able to:
 explain the importance of history and role
of immunology in modern medicine
 describe the basic components of immune
system including classification
 explain the normal defense mechanism
 mention the disorders of the immune
system
 explain the immunological principles
involved in different diagnostic tests
 explain immunopathogenesis of SLE, RA,
AHA, ABO incompetibility
CORE:
1. Introduction:
 Brief historical background
 Basic concepts of immunity: Definition, classification, types and components with examples.
2. Immune system:
 Organs, cells and soluble components
3. Antigens and Immunogens:
 Terms and definitions: antigen, immunogen, hapten, epitope, paratope. Criteria of immunogenicity.
4. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC/ HLA):
 Terms and definitions, types and distribution, clinical and biological significance.
5. Immunoglobulins and Antibodies:
 Terms and definitions, classification, structure, biological properties and functions.
 Monoclonal antibodies.
6. Complements:
 Terms and definitions, activation, biological functions and clinical significance, deficiency disorders.
7. Mechanisms of immune response :
 Antibody and cell mediated immune response.
 Primary and secondary immune response
8. Hypersensitivity:
 Terms and definitions, classifications, mechanisms, clinical significance with examples.
 Atopy, desensitization.
 Tests for Type-I reaction: Patch test, RAST, serum IgE assay.
9. Transplantation and Tumour immunity:
 Terms and definitions, types and outline of prevention of graft rejection.
 Tumour antigens, role in diagnosis and clinical significance.
 Immunosurveillance
10. Tolerance and Autoimmunity:
 Definition and classification of tolerance
 Terms and definitions, basic concepts and mechanism of development of autoimmuniy.
11. Immunodeficiency disorders and immunotherapy:
 Classification with examples
12. Agents of immunotherapy and biologics.
13. Immunodiagnostic tests
 Terms and definitions, types and applications in diagnostic medicine
 Agglutination, precipitation, ELISA, Western blot test, PCR and RT-PCR.
L-1
L-2, T-1
L-1
L-1
L-1, T-1,
L-1
L -1
L – 2, T-1
L –2, T-1
L –1
L –1
L-1,
L-1,

9. 217
Parasitology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to:
 mention the important characteristics
and epidemiology of common
parasitic diseases
 describe pathogenesis
 explain major complications and
laboratory diagnosis of common
parasites in Bangladesh.
 Know the mode of treatment of
common parasitic diseases of
Bangladesh.
CORE:
Introduction:
Introduction to parasitology, common parasitic diseases of Bangladesh, Terms and
definitions, classifications of parasites according to habitat,
Host: definition, classification with examples.
Intestinal, luminal and free living protozoa:
Entamoeba:
 Classification
 Geographical distribution, morphology, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
 Extraintestinal amoebiasis.
Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis:
 Morphology, transmission, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis, laboratory
diagnosis and treatment.
 Acanthemoeba, Negleria, Balamuthia and Sappinia
Blood and Tissue Protozoa:
Leishmania species: Classification, morphology, disease production.
Leishmania donovani and PKDL:
 Geographical distribution
morphology, lifecycle, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis
laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
 Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Causative agents, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and
management.
 Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis(MCL).
L –2, T-1
L –1, T-1,
L –1,
L –2, T-1,

10. 218
Parasitology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hrs
Plasmodium species:
Epidemiology, morphology, lifecycle, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis, complications, laboratory
diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Acanthemoeba , Negleria, Balamuthia and Sappinia
Toxoplasma gondii, Crytosporidium, Balantidium coli
Cestodes and Trematodes:
 Classify according to habitat with examples
 Common characteristics of Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes.
 Morphology, lifecycle, diseases, clinical features, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of Taenia
saginata and Taenia solium, T. asiatica.
Echinococcus: Different species
 Morphology, lifecycle, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis and
treatment.
Intestinal Nematodes:
 Geographical distribution, morphology, lifecycle, disease, clinical features, pathogenesis, laboratory
diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hook worm, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobious vermicularis,
Strongyloides stercoralis.
 Larva migrans and larva currens.
 Hyperinfection syndrome
Tissue nematodes: Classification, morphology and mode of transmission, diseases produced.
Wuchareria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, B. timori
 Morphology, lifecycle, disease (classical and occult filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia),
clinical features, pathogenesis, complications, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of filariasis.
Periodicity of microfilaria. Provocative test.
 Parasites associated with cancer.
L –2, T-2,
L –1,
L –1,
L-3, T- 1,
L –2, T-1,

11. 219
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hrs
Additional:
1. Important characteristics and disease produced by:
 Hymenolepes nana, Diphylobothrium latum, Dipylidium
 Schistosoma
 Trypanosoma
 Loa loa, Onchosercous volvulous
 D. medinansis
 Fasiolopsis buski, Faciola hepatica: habitat, disease, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and
treatment.
 Anisakis
 Cyclospora, Cystoisospora, Sarcocystis
 Trichinella
L –2, T-1
Virology
Students will be able to:
 differentiate the basic
structure of virus from
bacteria.
 mention epidemiology,
diseases, important clinical
features, pathogenesis and
laboratory diagnosis of
common viral diseases
 identify the appropriate
measures for prevention.
 Know the treatment of viral
diseases
CORE:
1. General virology:
 Introduction to virology, common viral diseases in Bangladesh.
 Basic structure of virus
 Outline of viral replication
 Classification
 Lab diagnosis of viral diseases
 Antiviral agents
2. Herpes viruses:
 Classification, important characteristics, diseases, important clinical features, transmission,
pathogenesis, complications, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
 Latency and reactivation of Herpes viruses.
3. Orthomyxo and paramyxo viruses
 Important characteristics, diseases, important clinical features, transmission, pathogenesis,
complications, laboratory diagnosis and prevention, management.
4. Hepatitis viruses:
 Classification, important characteristics, diseases, transmission, pathogenesis, complications,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and management.
L –2, T-1
L –2, T-1
L –2, T-1
L –1, T-1

12. 220
Virology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
5. Polio virus
 Important characteristics, diseases, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis
and prevention
 Merits and demerits of oral and injectable polio vaccine
6. Rabies virus:
 Important characteristics, diseases, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis
and prevention and treatment, merits and demerits of different types of vaccines
7. Rota virus:
 Diseases, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment
8. HIV:
 Classification, important characteristics, diseases (AIDS), transmission, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
9. Dengue
 Important characteristics, diseases (DHF, DSS), transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory
diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
10. Chikungunya: Important characteristics, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
11. Coronavirus: Important characteristics, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis,
organs involved, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and treatment of
COVID-19 and other Coronaviruses.
12. Other Emerging viral diseases
Avian flue, SARS, MERS, Nipah, Swine flue, Zika, Ebola etc.
 Important characteristics of virus, important clinical features, transmission,
pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prevention
13. Oncogenic viruses
 Definitions, list of oncogenic viruses with their associated tumours.
14. Latent and chronic viral infections.
L –1
L –1
L –1,
L – 1
L – 1
L-1
L-1

13. 221
Mycology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to:
 describe morphology and classification of
medically important fungal agents and the
diseases caused by them
 describe pathogenesis, important clinical
features and laboratory diagnosis of
superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and
systemic mycosis
CORE:
1. Introduction:
 Introduction to Mycology, beneficial and detrimental effects, morphology,
classification
 Difference between fungus and bacteria
 Antifungal agents and antifungal drug resistance
2. Superficial and cutaneous mycoses:
 Aetiological agents and diseases
 Transmission and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of Pityriasis versicolor,
Dermatophytosis, Candidiasis.
3. Subcutaneous
 Aetiological agents and diseases
 Transmission, pathogenesis and Lab diagnosis.
 Rhinosporiodiasis and Madura foot
4. Systemic mycoses:
 Aetiological agents and diseases
 Transmission, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis.
 Histoplasmosis, Cryptococcal meningitis, Candidiasis, Pneumocystis jerovici,
fungus ball, mycotoxin.
5. Opportunistic fungal diseases.
L-1,
L -2, T-1,
L –1
L – 2, T-1,

14. 222
Clinical Microbiology
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching hrs
Student will be able to:
 know organisms causing diseases, plan and
select appropriate investigation for diagnosis
 interpret the findings of the investigations
 design appropriate steps for antimicrobial therapy
and prevention
CORE:
1. Collection of samples, transportation and storage
2. Microbial diseases of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary diseases and Food
poisoning
3. Microbial diseases of Genito-Urinary system
4. Microbial diseases of upper and lower Respiratory Tract
5. Microbial diseases of CNS.
6. Hospital Acquired Infections
7. Microbial diseases of Bone and Soft Tissue
8. Microbial diseases of Cardiovascular System
9. Microbial diseases of eye, ear, nose and throat
10. Pyrexia of unknown origin (Microbial cause with emphasis on blood culture).
11. Infectious disease control and prevention.
12. Collection, transport, preservation and lab tests of samples collected from
COVID-19 patients.
13. Use of different types of masks, sanitizers, PPE in the prevention of viral
infections.
L –1, T-1
L –2, T-1
L –1, T-1
L –1,
L –1
L –1,
L –1
L –1
L – 1,
L- 1,
L-1,
L-1, T-1
L-1, T-1

15. 223
Practical
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to:
 perform and interpret Gram’s stain, Z-N stain
and Albert stain.
 Observe the common bacteriological media with
growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
pyogenes, Escherechia coli,Salmonella, Shigella,
Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas and MTB.
 Observe the drug sensitivity test of bacteria.
Students will be demonstrated:
 autoclave and Hot air oven.
 Doffing and donning
 Wearing PPE
 Hand wash/sanitization
 Preparation of disinfectants and their uses.
1. Gram’s staining
2. Z-N staining, Albert stain, Auramin-Rodamin stain.
3. Demonstration of culture media namely Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Chocolate
agar, MacConkey’s agar, Lowenstein Jensen, Robertson’s cooked meat
media, Blood culture media, transport media (Carry-Blair/Stuart/Peptone
water) with and without bacterial growth
4. Demonstration of colony morphology of common bacteria: Staphylococci,
Streptococcus Lactose fermenters, Lactose nonfermenters, Proteus,
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium.
5. Demonstration of inoculation, incubation (aerobic, CO2 and Anerobic
condition) and plate reading.
6. Demonstration of catalase, coagulase, and oxidase, TSI, MIU and Simmon’s
citrate tests
7. Demonstration of in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test by disk diffusion method,
8. Demonstration of sterilization by chemical agents autoclaving and hot air
oven.
9. Demonstration of donning and doffing, wearing PPE, hand
washing/sanitization.
10. Preparation of disinfectants.
4
4
5
3
2
4
4
2
1
1

16. 224
Learning Objectives Contents Teaching
hours
Students will be able to:
 prepare stool smear and examine under
microscope
 observe cyst/trophozoites of intestinal and
luminal protozoa namely Entamoeba
histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas
 obsserve ova of A. lumbricoides, T.
trichiuria, Hook worms and others..
 observe pus cell, macrophage and RBC in
stool sample
 examine blood slide under microscope for
demonstration of Plasmodium species and
microfilaria
 examine bone marrow smear for LD body
 Observe and interpret the results of
immunological tests
 Observe skin scrapping for fungus.
 observe pus cells, RBCs, casts and parasites
in urine.
 Know about slit skin smear for M. leprae.
Demonstration
 Microscopic examination of stool for demonstration of cyst/trophozoites of
protozoa, ova/larva of intestinal helminthes, pus cells, macrophage and RBC.
 Microscopic examination of urine for demonstration of epithelial cells, pus
cells, RBCs, casts and parasites.
 Examination of blood smear for demonstration of malarial parasites
 Examination of bone marrow smear for LD body
 Microscopic examination of Gram stain smear of throat swab, wound swab,
urethral discharge.
 Examination of throat swab by Albert stain.
 Microscopic examination of sputum and urine by Z-N stain for AFB.
 Modified Z-N stain for Cryptosporidium in stool.
 Immunological tests: Demonstration and interpretation of Widal test, RPR,
ICT for HBsAg, Dengue, Chikungunya, HIV, HCV, COVID-19,
Plasmodium, LD body and Filaria.
 Microscopic examination of skin scrapping for demonstration of fungal
elements (dermatophytes and candida).
 PCR and RT-PCR.
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

17. 225
Consolidated teaching hours for Microbiology
Subject Theoretical Practical Total
Lecture Tutorial
1. General Bacteriology 13 7 15 35
2. Systemic Bacteriology 20 15 15 50
3. Immunology 16 4 1 21
4. Parasitology 17 8 6 31
5. Virology 14 4 1 19
6. Mycology 6 2 1 9
7. Clinical Microbiology 14 5 6 25
Total 100 45 45 190
1st
Term Allotted time (106 Hours) 2nd
Term Allotted time (In 84 Hours)
Subject Lecture
49 hours
Tutorial
26 hours
Practical
31 hours
Subject Lecture
51hours
Tutorial
19 hours
Practical
14 hours
General
bacteriology
13 7 15 Parasitology 17 8 6
Systemic
Bacteriology
20 15 15 Virology 14 4 1
Immunology 16 4 1 Mycology 6 2 1
Clinical
Microbiology
14 5 6
Grand Total = 1st Term 106 hours + 2nd Term 84 hours = 190 hours

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Academic Calendar for Microbiology
2nd Phase (In months)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
General
Bacteriology
Parasitology
Immunology
Preparation
+
1st
Internal
Assessment
Systemic
Bacteriology
Virology
Mycology
Clinical
Microbiology
Preparation
+
2nd Internal
Assessment
Preparatory
leave
2nd
Professional
Exam
ITEM CARDS
There will be 2 (two) Cards
1. Item card 1: General Bacteriology, Parasitology, Immunology
2. Item card 2: Systemic Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology and Clinical Microbiology
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
………………….. MEDICAL COLLEGE
ITEM CARD
Batch : Tut. Batch Roll (Write in the boxes)
Student’s Profile
Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Contact Phone No: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Address: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Guardian: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Contact Phone No: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Address: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY (First assessment Exam)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Prokaryote and eukaryote, components of bacteria, cell wall of Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria, capsule, flagella, spore, classification of bacteria
2 Growth and death of bacteria, growth requirements, classification of bacteria according to
oxygen requirement, growth curve, generation time
3 Pathogenesis of bacterial disease, exotoxin and endotoxin, Koch’s postulates, their limitations,
new adjuncts, molecular Koch’s Postulates. Host defense against bacterial disease
4 Sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, different methods, their principles and uses
5 Practical bacteriology: Use of microscope.
Gram staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
Culture media – types, commonly used media with their use
6 Antimicrobial drugs, their mechanism of action, resistance, selective toxicity, antibiotic
combination, chemoprophylaxis, susceptibility test
Bacterial genetics – plasmid, transposons, mutation, transfer of gene,
A passport sized recent
photograph of the
student to be attached
here

19. 227
Multidrug resistant (MDR). Extensively drug resistant (DXR) and Pandrug rersistant (PDR)
bacteria.
7 Normal flora
8 Biosafety and biosecurity, Biomedical waste disposal
IMMUNOLOGY (First assessment Exam)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Immunity, its type, components of innate immunity, comparison between active and passive
immunity, immunocompetent cells
2 Immunogen, antigen, properties of an ideal antigen, hapten
3 Immunoglobulin, antibody, its structure, types, function
4 Complements, major histocompatibility complex
5 Cytokines, mechanism of immune response, primary and secondary immune response
6 Tolerance, hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases
7 Tumour immunity, transplantation, immunodeficiency
8 Immunological reactions- basic principles and examples
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (First assessment)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Principle of PCR, RT-PCT, Realtime PCR,
2 Definition of DNA Cloning, DNA recombination, Genetic engineering, biotechnology, gene
therapy
MYCOLOGY (Second assessment)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Basic structure of fungi, classification of fungi, antifungul drugs
2 Superficial & cutaneous fungi- Malassezia furfur, dermatophytes, Candida.
3 Subcutaneous, deep &oppprtunistic fungi- Madurella, Rhinosporidium,
Cryptococcus,Aspergillus.
VIROLOGY (Second assessment)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Basic virology, basic structure of a virus, defective virus, prion, replication, pathogenesis of
viral disease, host defense against viral infection, antiviral drugs, general scheme of lab
diagnosis of viral diseases, common viral infections in Bangladesh
2 Herpesvirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, rubella virus
3 Hepatitis viruses, oncogenic viruses
4 Human immunodeficiency virus
5 Polio virus, rabies virus, dengue virus, rotavirus, chikungunyia virus, Zika virus
6 COVID-19
PARASITOLOGY (First assessment Exam)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Basic concepts of host, parasites and their types, classification of medically important
protozoa
2 Entamoeba, free living amoeba, Giardia, Balantidium
3 Leishmania, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma
4 Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Babesia
5 Basic structure and classification of helminthes
Cestode: Taenia, Echinococcus, Diphyllobothrium
Trematodes: Schistosoma, Fasiolopsis
6 Nematodes: Ascaris, Enterobius, Strongyloides, Trichuris
7 Nematodes : Hookworm, Filariasis, Oncocerca Volvulus

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SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY (Second assessment)
Topic Marks Signature
1 Staphylococcus
2 Streptococcus
3 Neisseria, causes of pyogenic meningitis
4 Corynebacterium, Bacillus
5 Mycobacterium
6 Entrriobacteriaceae – General properties & classification,
Escherichia coli, Shigella
7 Salmonella
8 Vibrio, Campylobacter
9 Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella
10 Haemophilus, Helicobacter, Bordetella, Bacillus
11 Anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic culture
12 Spirocheates, sexually transmitted disease
13 Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Second Assessment Exam)
Topics Marks Signature
1 Examination of stool, morphology of common parasites found in stool, diarrhea- causes and
diagnosis
2 Examination of urine, urinary tract infection- causes and diagnosis
3 Examination of CSF, meningitis- causes and diagnosis
4 Blood culture, pyrexia of unknown origin
5 Examination of sputum, throat swab, pus, wound swab, pleural fluid, ascetic fluid, genital
specimen.
Causes of pneumonia, sore throat, wound infection, pleural effusion, ascites, vaginal
discharge, urethral discharge,
6 Basics of Hospital Acquired Infection
7 Infection prevention and control, hand washing, donning and doffing, Preparation of
disinfectants, Disposal of Medical wastes