The annexation of Texas and the Mexican War were major causes of the Civil War because they heightened tensions over the issue of slavery's western expansion. Politicians from the North argued that these actions were meant to strengthen the power of slavery and spread it into new territories, while Southerners maintained that all states had equal rights to settle territories with their property, including slaves. The conflicts over the status of slavery in the territories of Texas, New Mexico, and California exacerbated sectional divisions between the North and South.
The documents argue that the annexation of Texas and the Mexican-American War were major causes of the Civil War because they intensified the national debate over the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The annexation of Texas and territories acquired from Mexico after the war raised the question of whether those lands would legalize slavery or remain free soil. Northern Free Soil advocates did not want slavery to expand further, while Southerners and slaveholding interests wanted to spread slavery westward. This intensified sectional tensions and was a major factor leading to the Civil War as the nation struggled over the status of slavery in the new lands.
The document is a contract signed in 1783 between King Louis XVI of France and the United States to provide a new loan of 6 million livres to the newly independent nation. It outlines the terms of repayment, including reimbursing the loan in six equal installments starting in 1797 with 5% annual interest paid starting in 1785. It also summarizes previous loans provided by France to a total of 38 million livres, stipulating their repayment terms. The contract aims to establish orderly financing between the two parties in support of the new independence of the United States.
The document summarizes the secret Treaty of Verona signed in 1822 between Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia. The key points are:
1) The treaty aimed to suppress representative governments and prevent their establishment in Europe, seeing them as incompatible with monarchical rule.
2) It also sought to suppress freedom of the press and promote religious principles that encouraged obedience to rulers.
3) France was given funds by the other nations to help suppress the recent liberal constitution in Spain and prevent self-government in Spain and Portugal.
4) This treaty provided the basis for the Monroe Doctrine, which opposed European interference in the Americas.
Foreign Relations and the Founding of the American Republic, Drumbeat Vol. 34...Edward Phillips
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolution and independence. It summarizes that Parliament passed taxes on the colonies to pay off war debts from the French and Indian War, angering the colonists. Key figures like Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams began advocating resistance. The Continental Congress worked to establish foreign relations and trade to get support for independence. They declared independence on July 2nd, 1776, signaling to countries like France and Spain that they could aid the rebels. While relations were secretive at first, this international support was crucial to America's ability to win the Revolutionary War.
The document describes the events that led to the creation of the Magna Carta in 1215 in England. King John faced opposition from barons and the Pope due to his failed military campaigns, high taxes imposed without consultation, and refusal to acknowledge civil liberties. Led by Robert Fitzwalter, rebel barons besieged the king and forced him to agree to the Magna Carta, which established early limits on royal power and promised legal rights and protections. While King John later rejected the Magna Carta, it helped establish principles of habeas corpus and due process that are foundations of modern democracies.
The document is a memorial from the general assembly of Illinois to Congress requesting a reduction in the price of public lands, as the current high prices have prevented most lands from being sold over decades and inhibited population growth and economic development in Illinois. It argues that the interests of the new western states and the national government would be best served by making the lands more affordable to encourage settlement and tax revenue for the states from developed lands. The memorial also raises related issues of preemption rights for settlers and land donations to encourage cultivation.
The document describes the events leading up to the signing of the Magna Carta by King John of England in 1215. King John faced opposition from barons and the Pope due to military defeats, high taxes, and refusal to acknowledge civil liberties. Led by Robert Fitzwalter, barons and bishops rebelled against King John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta to acknowledge their legal rights and limit the king's power. Though King John tried to reject the Magna Carta's provisions, it established principles of habeas corpus and due process that are foundations of modern democracy.
The documents argue that the annexation of Texas and the Mexican-American War were major causes of the Civil War because they intensified the national debate over the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The annexation of Texas and territories acquired from Mexico after the war raised the question of whether those lands would legalize slavery or remain free soil. Northern Free Soil advocates did not want slavery to expand further, while Southerners and slaveholding interests wanted to spread slavery westward. This intensified sectional tensions and was a major factor leading to the Civil War as the nation struggled over the status of slavery in the new lands.
The document is a contract signed in 1783 between King Louis XVI of France and the United States to provide a new loan of 6 million livres to the newly independent nation. It outlines the terms of repayment, including reimbursing the loan in six equal installments starting in 1797 with 5% annual interest paid starting in 1785. It also summarizes previous loans provided by France to a total of 38 million livres, stipulating their repayment terms. The contract aims to establish orderly financing between the two parties in support of the new independence of the United States.
The document summarizes the secret Treaty of Verona signed in 1822 between Austria, France, Prussia, and Russia. The key points are:
1) The treaty aimed to suppress representative governments and prevent their establishment in Europe, seeing them as incompatible with monarchical rule.
2) It also sought to suppress freedom of the press and promote religious principles that encouraged obedience to rulers.
3) France was given funds by the other nations to help suppress the recent liberal constitution in Spain and prevent self-government in Spain and Portugal.
4) This treaty provided the basis for the Monroe Doctrine, which opposed European interference in the Americas.
Foreign Relations and the Founding of the American Republic, Drumbeat Vol. 34...Edward Phillips
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolution and independence. It summarizes that Parliament passed taxes on the colonies to pay off war debts from the French and Indian War, angering the colonists. Key figures like Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams began advocating resistance. The Continental Congress worked to establish foreign relations and trade to get support for independence. They declared independence on July 2nd, 1776, signaling to countries like France and Spain that they could aid the rebels. While relations were secretive at first, this international support was crucial to America's ability to win the Revolutionary War.
The document describes the events that led to the creation of the Magna Carta in 1215 in England. King John faced opposition from barons and the Pope due to his failed military campaigns, high taxes imposed without consultation, and refusal to acknowledge civil liberties. Led by Robert Fitzwalter, rebel barons besieged the king and forced him to agree to the Magna Carta, which established early limits on royal power and promised legal rights and protections. While King John later rejected the Magna Carta, it helped establish principles of habeas corpus and due process that are foundations of modern democracies.
The document is a memorial from the general assembly of Illinois to Congress requesting a reduction in the price of public lands, as the current high prices have prevented most lands from being sold over decades and inhibited population growth and economic development in Illinois. It argues that the interests of the new western states and the national government would be best served by making the lands more affordable to encourage settlement and tax revenue for the states from developed lands. The memorial also raises related issues of preemption rights for settlers and land donations to encourage cultivation.
The document describes the events leading up to the signing of the Magna Carta by King John of England in 1215. King John faced opposition from barons and the Pope due to military defeats, high taxes, and refusal to acknowledge civil liberties. Led by Robert Fitzwalter, barons and bishops rebelled against King John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta to acknowledge their legal rights and limit the king's power. Though King John tried to reject the Magna Carta's provisions, it established principles of habeas corpus and due process that are foundations of modern democracy.
The document discusses Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency, including his background as a congressional staffer, representative, senator and vice president. As president, LBJ declared a War on Poverty and enacted major civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, his expansion of US involvement in the Vietnam War and the 1968 Tet Offensive weakened his support and led him to decide not to run for re-election.
The document summarizes various religious and social reform movements that occurred in the United States during the antebellum period, known as the Second Great Awakening. It discusses the rise of revivalism and popular religion through figures like Charles Finney. It also outlines the formation of new religious denominations like the Mormons and Shakers. Additionally, it examines the rise of transcendentalism and utopian communities. Finally, it analyzes various reform efforts including temperance, women's rights, abolitionism, education reform, and penal reform led by figures such as Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann.
This document provides an overview of the onset of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II. It discusses the key issues that divided the two superpowers, including the control of postwar Europe and the division of the continent between Western and Soviet spheres of influence. It also examines the beginnings of nuclear arms race and the development of opposing military alliances as the Cold War expanded globally throughout the late 1940s and 1950s.
The document summarizes postwar America from 1945-1960. It describes the rapid economic growth and increased consumerism during this period. However, lingering problems remained such as agricultural overproduction and declining older industrial areas. Suburbia grew rapidly and was inhabited by the middle class, though critics argued suburban culture promoted conformity. The civil rights movement also gained momentum during this time, challenging racial segregation laws through protests and court cases. By 1960, Americans were more optimistic economically but continued to grapple with issues of racial injustice.
The document summarizes the 1840 US presidential election between Democrats led by Martin Van Buren and Whigs led by William Henry Harrison. It notes that the Whigs campaigned on slogans like "Log Cabin and Cider" and songs praising "Tip and Ty" (Harrison and Tyler). The Whigs blamed Van Buren for the Panic of 1837 financial crisis. Harrison defeated Van Buren in the election.
The Second Great Awakening led to the rise of evangelicalism in America and spread revivalism and emotional religion through large camp meetings on the frontier. This sparked reform movements in the North led by figures like Charles Finney who sought to end sins like alcohol abuse. Revivalism encouraged new ideas about domesticity, childhood, and institutions. Some reforms like abolitionism and women's rights became more radical over time, splitting moderates from perfectionists. Transcendentalism emerged as a protest movement focusing on intuition over doctrine. Utopian communities like Brook Farm and Oneida experimented with new social and economic structures based on cooperation and equality. However, reform was not without critics and prompted counterarguments.
The document discusses the role of American intellectuals in the 19th century and their influence on social reformers. It argues that intellectuals helped create a national culture committed to human liberation by promoting religious revivals that aimed to awaken and convert people to Christianity. These revivals reformed churches and society by breaking the power of sin and worldliness over Christians and leading even the most abandoned people to repentance and holiness.
The document summarizes the sectional crisis in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It describes how the conflict over whether to allow slavery in new territories acquired from Mexico led Northern and Southern politicians to violently disagree. Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 to resolve the issues, which included California joining as a free state and a stronger fugitive slave law. However, tensions continued to rise with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealing the Missouri Compromise, leading to the formation of the Republican Party and the election of 1856 further dividing the nation along regional lines.
The document summarizes the key events and policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in response to the Great Depression. It describes the stock market crash of 1929, Hoover's unsuccessful attempts to address the economic crisis, and FDR's election in 1932. The New Deal pursued relief, recovery, and reform through programs like the CCC, WPA, Social Security, and policies that strengthened unions and established minimum wage and maximum hours. However, minorities and women benefited less and the Depression was not fully overcome, though New Deal reforms had a lasting impact on American life.
This document provides an overview of World War 2, covering major events from the interwar period in the 1920s-1930s through the end of the war. It discusses the failures of the League of Nations and international agreements in the interwar period, the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy, key battles in Europe and the Pacific, major conferences between Allied leaders, the development and use of the atomic bomb against Japan, war crimes trials after the war, and the emergence of the US and USSR as superpowers afterwards.
This document summarizes American expansion and territorial growth between the 1830s-1860s. It discusses how settlement pushed into the West, encroaching on Mexican and British land. When Polk was elected in 1844 on an expansionist platform, the US annexed Texas and went to war with Mexico, acquiring vast new territories by 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Westward migration continued as more settlers moved along trails like the Oregon Trail to the West Coast. This period of expansion also saw rapid industrialization and immigration to the US, fueling economic growth but also social tensions between new classes.
The document summarizes the social structure and divisions within Southern society during the period of slavery in the United States. Wealth divided white Southerners into classes. Race divided all Southerners, with blacks mostly enslaved but around 6% free. The lives of slaves centered around difficult and dangerous work from sunrise to sunset with the constant threat of family separation. Slaves developed strong communities and used religion, resistance, and rebellion to fight their condition and one day achieve freedom.
of the Jews in ‘43 had come immediately after the ‘German Firm’ st.docxvannagoforth
of the Jews in ‘43 had come immediately after the ‘German Firm’ stickers on the windowsof non-Jewish shops in ‘33. But of course this isn’t the way it happens. In between come all the hundreds of little steps, some of them imperceptible, each of them preparing you not to be shocked by the next. Step C is not so much worse than Step B, and, if you did not make a stand at Step B, why should you at Step C? And so on to Step D.
“And one day, too late, your principles, if you were ever sensible of them, all rush in upon you. The burden of self-
deception has grown too heavy, and some minor incident, in my case my little boy, hardly more than a baby, saying ‘Jew swine,’ collapses it all at once, and you see that everything, everything, has changed and changed completely under your nose. The world you live in—your nation, your people—is not the world you were born in at all. The forms are all there, all untouched, all reassuring, the houses, the shops, the jobs, the mealtimes, the visits, the concerts, the cinema, the holidays. But the spirit, which you never noticed because you made the lifelong mistake of identifying it with the forms, is changed. Now you live in a world of hate and fear, and the people who hate and fear do not even know it themselves; when everyone is transformed, no one is transformed. Now you live in a system which rules without responsibility even to God. The system itself could not have intended this in the beginning, but in order to sustain itself it was compelled to go all the way.
“You have gone almost all the way yourself. Life is a continuing process, a flow, not a succession of acts and events at all. It has flowed to a new level, carrying you with it, without any effort on your part. On this new level you live, you have been living more comfortably every day, with new morals, new principles. You have accepted things you would not have accepted five years ago, a year ago, things that your father, even in Germany, could not have imagined.”
******
TEXAS DECLARATION OF CAUSES FOR SECESSION (1861)
With the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, many southerners believed that he would move to abolish slavery, which was central to the economy of the southern states. In late 1860 South Carolina voted to secede from the Union, and in early 1861 it was joined by Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. On February 4 these states declared themselves the Confederate States of America. After the attack on Fort Sumter they were joined by Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. In the following document Texas explained why it was seceding.
Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated States to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquility [sic] and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution, under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the ...
The Great War For American Independence Part IItimothyjgraham
The document provides context around the American Revolutionary period, including key events and battles between 1775-1781. It discusses the Articles of Confederation, the first governing agreement between the 13 colonies. It also summarizes perspectives from historians like Howard Zinn who provide analysis on social hierarchies and power dynamics during the Revolutionary era, including the exclusion of women, slaves, and indigenous people from new political systems established after independence.
The document provides a detailed overview of key events and perspectives during the American Revolutionary period from the French and Indian War through the drafting of the Articles of Confederation and early state constitutions. It discusses the political, economic, and social factors that contributed to growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain, including new taxes and laws restricting colonial self-governance. It also summarizes major battles and outlines criticisms that the revolution primarily benefited wealthy white landowners and failed to protect the rights of other groups.
The 1850 Compromise was an attempt to resolve tensions over slavery in the US. It included provisions such as popular sovereignty for determining slavery in the territories, the admission of California as a free state, and a stricter Fugitive Slave Act. However, the Compromise only provided a temporary solution and exacerbated divisions, particularly the Fugitive Slave Act which outraged Northerners and led to increased Underground Railroad activity. While it prevented the immediate dissolution of the Union, it failed to settle the issue of slavery and set the stage for further conflicts.
The document discusses Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency, including his background as a congressional staffer, representative, senator and vice president. As president, LBJ declared a War on Poverty and enacted major civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, his expansion of US involvement in the Vietnam War and the 1968 Tet Offensive weakened his support and led him to decide not to run for re-election.
The document summarizes various religious and social reform movements that occurred in the United States during the antebellum period, known as the Second Great Awakening. It discusses the rise of revivalism and popular religion through figures like Charles Finney. It also outlines the formation of new religious denominations like the Mormons and Shakers. Additionally, it examines the rise of transcendentalism and utopian communities. Finally, it analyzes various reform efforts including temperance, women's rights, abolitionism, education reform, and penal reform led by figures such as Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann.
This document provides an overview of the onset of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II. It discusses the key issues that divided the two superpowers, including the control of postwar Europe and the division of the continent between Western and Soviet spheres of influence. It also examines the beginnings of nuclear arms race and the development of opposing military alliances as the Cold War expanded globally throughout the late 1940s and 1950s.
The document summarizes postwar America from 1945-1960. It describes the rapid economic growth and increased consumerism during this period. However, lingering problems remained such as agricultural overproduction and declining older industrial areas. Suburbia grew rapidly and was inhabited by the middle class, though critics argued suburban culture promoted conformity. The civil rights movement also gained momentum during this time, challenging racial segregation laws through protests and court cases. By 1960, Americans were more optimistic economically but continued to grapple with issues of racial injustice.
The document summarizes the 1840 US presidential election between Democrats led by Martin Van Buren and Whigs led by William Henry Harrison. It notes that the Whigs campaigned on slogans like "Log Cabin and Cider" and songs praising "Tip and Ty" (Harrison and Tyler). The Whigs blamed Van Buren for the Panic of 1837 financial crisis. Harrison defeated Van Buren in the election.
The Second Great Awakening led to the rise of evangelicalism in America and spread revivalism and emotional religion through large camp meetings on the frontier. This sparked reform movements in the North led by figures like Charles Finney who sought to end sins like alcohol abuse. Revivalism encouraged new ideas about domesticity, childhood, and institutions. Some reforms like abolitionism and women's rights became more radical over time, splitting moderates from perfectionists. Transcendentalism emerged as a protest movement focusing on intuition over doctrine. Utopian communities like Brook Farm and Oneida experimented with new social and economic structures based on cooperation and equality. However, reform was not without critics and prompted counterarguments.
The document discusses the role of American intellectuals in the 19th century and their influence on social reformers. It argues that intellectuals helped create a national culture committed to human liberation by promoting religious revivals that aimed to awaken and convert people to Christianity. These revivals reformed churches and society by breaking the power of sin and worldliness over Christians and leading even the most abandoned people to repentance and holiness.
The document summarizes the sectional crisis in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It describes how the conflict over whether to allow slavery in new territories acquired from Mexico led Northern and Southern politicians to violently disagree. Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 to resolve the issues, which included California joining as a free state and a stronger fugitive slave law. However, tensions continued to rise with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealing the Missouri Compromise, leading to the formation of the Republican Party and the election of 1856 further dividing the nation along regional lines.
The document summarizes the key events and policies of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in response to the Great Depression. It describes the stock market crash of 1929, Hoover's unsuccessful attempts to address the economic crisis, and FDR's election in 1932. The New Deal pursued relief, recovery, and reform through programs like the CCC, WPA, Social Security, and policies that strengthened unions and established minimum wage and maximum hours. However, minorities and women benefited less and the Depression was not fully overcome, though New Deal reforms had a lasting impact on American life.
This document provides an overview of World War 2, covering major events from the interwar period in the 1920s-1930s through the end of the war. It discusses the failures of the League of Nations and international agreements in the interwar period, the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy, key battles in Europe and the Pacific, major conferences between Allied leaders, the development and use of the atomic bomb against Japan, war crimes trials after the war, and the emergence of the US and USSR as superpowers afterwards.
This document summarizes American expansion and territorial growth between the 1830s-1860s. It discusses how settlement pushed into the West, encroaching on Mexican and British land. When Polk was elected in 1844 on an expansionist platform, the US annexed Texas and went to war with Mexico, acquiring vast new territories by 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Westward migration continued as more settlers moved along trails like the Oregon Trail to the West Coast. This period of expansion also saw rapid industrialization and immigration to the US, fueling economic growth but also social tensions between new classes.
The document summarizes the social structure and divisions within Southern society during the period of slavery in the United States. Wealth divided white Southerners into classes. Race divided all Southerners, with blacks mostly enslaved but around 6% free. The lives of slaves centered around difficult and dangerous work from sunrise to sunset with the constant threat of family separation. Slaves developed strong communities and used religion, resistance, and rebellion to fight their condition and one day achieve freedom.
of the Jews in ‘43 had come immediately after the ‘German Firm’ st.docxvannagoforth
of the Jews in ‘43 had come immediately after the ‘German Firm’ stickers on the windowsof non-Jewish shops in ‘33. But of course this isn’t the way it happens. In between come all the hundreds of little steps, some of them imperceptible, each of them preparing you not to be shocked by the next. Step C is not so much worse than Step B, and, if you did not make a stand at Step B, why should you at Step C? And so on to Step D.
“And one day, too late, your principles, if you were ever sensible of them, all rush in upon you. The burden of self-
deception has grown too heavy, and some minor incident, in my case my little boy, hardly more than a baby, saying ‘Jew swine,’ collapses it all at once, and you see that everything, everything, has changed and changed completely under your nose. The world you live in—your nation, your people—is not the world you were born in at all. The forms are all there, all untouched, all reassuring, the houses, the shops, the jobs, the mealtimes, the visits, the concerts, the cinema, the holidays. But the spirit, which you never noticed because you made the lifelong mistake of identifying it with the forms, is changed. Now you live in a world of hate and fear, and the people who hate and fear do not even know it themselves; when everyone is transformed, no one is transformed. Now you live in a system which rules without responsibility even to God. The system itself could not have intended this in the beginning, but in order to sustain itself it was compelled to go all the way.
“You have gone almost all the way yourself. Life is a continuing process, a flow, not a succession of acts and events at all. It has flowed to a new level, carrying you with it, without any effort on your part. On this new level you live, you have been living more comfortably every day, with new morals, new principles. You have accepted things you would not have accepted five years ago, a year ago, things that your father, even in Germany, could not have imagined.”
******
TEXAS DECLARATION OF CAUSES FOR SECESSION (1861)
With the election of Abraham Lincoln as president, many southerners believed that he would move to abolish slavery, which was central to the economy of the southern states. In late 1860 South Carolina voted to secede from the Union, and in early 1861 it was joined by Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. On February 4 these states declared themselves the Confederate States of America. After the attack on Fort Sumter they were joined by Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. In the following document Texas explained why it was seceding.
Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated States to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquility [sic] and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution, under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the ...
The Great War For American Independence Part IItimothyjgraham
The document provides context around the American Revolutionary period, including key events and battles between 1775-1781. It discusses the Articles of Confederation, the first governing agreement between the 13 colonies. It also summarizes perspectives from historians like Howard Zinn who provide analysis on social hierarchies and power dynamics during the Revolutionary era, including the exclusion of women, slaves, and indigenous people from new political systems established after independence.
The document provides a detailed overview of key events and perspectives during the American Revolutionary period from the French and Indian War through the drafting of the Articles of Confederation and early state constitutions. It discusses the political, economic, and social factors that contributed to growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain, including new taxes and laws restricting colonial self-governance. It also summarizes major battles and outlines criticisms that the revolution primarily benefited wealthy white landowners and failed to protect the rights of other groups.
The 1850 Compromise was an attempt to resolve tensions over slavery in the US. It included provisions such as popular sovereignty for determining slavery in the territories, the admission of California as a free state, and a stricter Fugitive Slave Act. However, the Compromise only provided a temporary solution and exacerbated divisions, particularly the Fugitive Slave Act which outraged Northerners and led to increased Underground Railroad activity. While it prevented the immediate dissolution of the Union, it failed to settle the issue of slavery and set the stage for further conflicts.
Option 1:
Option 2:
Introduction
As Module 6 showed, the Mexican-American War exposed a deep national divide over the role and future of slavery in the United States. The controversies that had been engendered by the war—Texas’ annexation, the Wilmot Proviso, and the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo—only quickened during the 1850s. The cascade of events in the 1850s (by which we also include the election of 1860) led to the secession of the Lower Southern states and the start of the Civil War itself. During the first few months of war, both sides struggled to find strategies to force the other side to terms. This chapter addresses the events of the 1850s, the election of 1860 and its aftermath, secession, and the first few months of the Civil War.
1. The Compromise of 1850
While some may have felt that victory over Mexico cemented an American national identity, the impact of sectionalism was the decade’s constant refrain. Without committing overly to a sense of inevitability about the Civil War, it is easy to see how the Mexican-American War set in motion a series of events that resulted in war just barely a decade later.
As we discussed in the last module, the Wilmot Proviso, which failed to pass during several attempts, had stirred Southern paranoia that the North could not be trusted to maintain the free-slave state equilibrium. Likewise, Northerners may have celebrated American victory in the recent war, but criticized the strength of the Southern “slave power” in politics. One primary fear was that the “slave power” would open the western territories to slavery, thereby undercutting the “free labor” ideology and shutting out free-state settlers.
The issue of slavery in the new territories might have remained a backburner issue had it not been for the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill, California, in 1848. That event opened the way for a mass American migration west. The sheer number of migrants required the northwestern territories be organized and/or be put on the path to statehood. Likewise, Southerners wanted the southwest territories organized so slavery would be legally recognized. Southerners were aware that California would like come into the Union as a free state, so slave interests needed to be protected elsewhere.
The territorial issue, combined with other pressing section-related issues, convinced Congressional leaders to consider some “grand bargain” to resolve them. If compromises had been made in 1789 and 1820, why not in 1850? A package of bills was assembled and finally passed after furious debates over the first part of the year.
The final bills provided for:
· California to be admitted as a free state
· Texas to cede its New Mexico claims to the US and, in exchange, the US would assume much of its pre-admission debt
· The remaining territory from Mexico to be organized without specific mention of slave or free status
· The slave trade (but not slave ownership) to be abolished in the District of Columbia
· A streng.
This document provides historical context about slavery in the United States through a timeline and descriptions of key events and people. It also summarizes Frederick Douglass' life journey from slavery to becoming an influential abolitionist and reformer. The timeline outlines the introduction and growth of slavery in the US from 1619 to its official end in 1865. Frederick Douglass' narrative is then summarized, including his escape from slavery, life in the north, publications advocating abolition, and later roles in civil rights and politics.
Thurgood Marshall gave a speech in 1987 during the bicentennial celebration of the US Constitution. While others praised the founding fathers, Marshall pointed out that the original constitution was defective and required amendments like ending slavery and granting voting rights to women. He argued the constitution's meaning has evolved over time under principles of equality, in contrast to its original intent to uphold slavery and exclude rights for minorities and women. The compromises made by the framers to allow the slave trade had long lasting negative effects and contradicted the principles of liberty and justice for all.
The document summarizes key events between 1820-1860 that heightened tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery and led to Southern states beginning to secede from the Union. Some of the major events included the Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowing Missouri to enter as a slave state while banning slavery north of 36°30', the Mexican-American War and annexation of Texas expanding slavery, the Compromise of 1850 admitting California as a free state while strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 establishing popular sovereignty, and the Dred Scott decision of 1857 declaring that Congress could not regulate slavery in the territories. John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859
Events that led_to_the_american_civil_warJonah Howard
The document summarizes key events that led to the American Civil War:
1. Economic and political tensions grew between the industrial North and agricultural South. The North opposed slavery's expansion while the South defended it.
2. The Mexican-American War and subsequent territorial acquisitions exacerbated tensions over the balance of slave and free states.
3. Events like the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, and Dred Scott decision further polarized the nation on the issue of slavery in the territories.
4. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president as the first Republican, prompting Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
CHAPTER 4 ANTEBELLUM SOUTH, Slavery and Economy, 1820-1860Con.docxchristinemaritza
This document summarizes the key role and economic power of cotton in the antebellum South. It notes that cotton was the dominant crop and primary export, generating over $200 million in profits annually. The author argues that the South had a large population and territory well-suited for cotton production. With cotton as its economic foundation, the South had the wealth and resources to be self-sufficient and did not need to go to war. The document declares "cotton is king" and that no country would dare wage war against the crop since it would cripple their economies.
1) The document provides a summary of early American history from the initial peopling of the Americas over 22,000 years ago to the establishment of the US Constitution. It covers the civilizations that developed in North, Central, and South America as well as European colonization beginning in the 15th century.
2) Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was very weak which led to conflicts between states. This prompted the Constitutional Convention of 1787 where delegates drafted a new Constitution with a stronger federal government including an executive branch and national court system.
3) Key compromises during the Convention included representation in Congress, with the House based on population and Senate equal per state, and counting slaves as three
The document provides an overview of several key events and factors that contributed to growing tensions between the American colonies and Britain in the period leading up to the American Revolution, including various Acts passed by the British Parliament between 1764-1775 that taxed and restricted the colonies, as well as military confrontations like the Boston Massacre and battles of Lexington and Concord. It also includes excerpts from several primary sources that illustrate the differing perspectives among the colonists seeking independence and those in Britain.
Ch 13THE IMPENDING CRISIS· LOOKING WESTWARD· EXPANSION AND WMaximaSheffield592
Ch 13
THE IMPENDING CRISIS
· LOOKING WESTWARD
· EXPANSION AND WAR
· THE SECTIONAL DEBATE
· THE CRISES OF THE 1850s
LOOKING AHEAD
1. How did the annexation of western territories intensify the conflict over slavery and lead to deeper divisions between the North and the South?
2. What compromises attempted to resolve the conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories? To what degree were these compromises successful? Why did they eventually fail to resolve the differences between the North and the South?
3. What were the major arguments for and against slavery and its expansion into new territories?
UNTIL THE 1840s, POLITICAL TENSIONS between the North and the South remained relatively contained and, other than African American writers and clerics, few predicted that sectional tensions could ever lead the country into a civil war.
But midcentury brought a rash of explosive issues that politicians struggled—and ultimately failed—to resolve peacefully. In the North the abolitionist movement picked up steam and inspired legions of supporters, the most aggressive of whom sought to fight slavery with the sword as well as the pen. The South birthed a generation of militant pro-slavery spokesmen who brooked no compromise over a state’s right to embrace slavery and the society based on it. From the West emerged raging controversies over the political fate of the territories and whether they would enter the Union as either slave or free states. Partisans recruited sympathizers from across the nation and even took up arms to win their point.LOOKING WESTWARD
More than a million square miles of new territory came under the control of the United States during the 1840s. By the end of the decade, the nation possessed all the territory of the present-day United States except Alaska, Hawaii, and a few relatively small areas acquired later through border adjustments. Many factors accounted for this great new wave of expansion, but one of the most important was an ideology known as Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny reflected both the growing pride that characterized American nationalism in the mid-nineteenth century and the idealistic vision of social perfection that fueled so much of the reform energy of the time. It rested on the idea that America was destined—by God and by history—to expand its boundaries over a vast area.
By the 1840s, publicized by the rise of inexpensive newspapers dubbed “penny press,” the idea of Manifest Destiny had spread throughout the nation. Some advocates of Manifest Destiny envisioned a vast new “empire of liberty” that would include Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Pacific islands, and ultimately (for the most ardent believers) much of the rest of the world. Countering such bombast were politicians such as Henry Clay and others, who warned that territorial expansion would reopen the painful controversy over slavery. Their voices, however, could not compete with the enthusiasm over expansion in the 18 ...
1. Westward ExpansionThe tensions over slavery factored into oth.docxgasciognecaren
1. Westward Expansion
The tensions over slavery factored into other aspects of American politics and society, including westward expansion. Slavery was not the sole reason for American expansion. A common thread running through the country’s history has been its expansion westward. The War of 1812 resulted in Britain discontinuing its attempts to subsidize or support Native American tribes in the Ohio Valley or the Mississippi River Valley. This action helped secure the US’s ability to move westward, buying out or otherwise removing Native American tribes who inhabited the area. The removal did not go without controversy, as the several US wars with Native American tribes attest.
The United States’ geographic location was an immense help in its movement westwards. Flanked by oceans, the United States had little fear of external invasion (with the exception of Great Britain in the War of 1812). Nor did the early presidents favor intervention in foreign politics. The Monroe Doctrine (Links to an external site.) of 1823 established that the US would not interfere in European colonies currently in existence in the Americas, but would not tolerate further European intervention or interference in the western hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine had little practical effect in deterring European behavior, but neither did foreign countries press the matter.
Peace with Britain was another advantage for the United States. The Treaty of Ghent opened the door for a US-British reconciliation of sorts: the US would no longer make moves to acquire British Canada, and Britain would not challenge US westward expansion in its commonly recognized borders. US-British relations were not perfect (particularly in the suppression of the international slave trade), but a series of treaties demonstrated US-British cooperation. The Rush-Bagot Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1818 demilitarized the Great Lakes, established the current US-Canadian border west of the Great Lakes, and provided for joint occupation and government of disputed areas in the Oregon Territory. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1842 settled the Maine-New Brunswick boundary.
2. American Migration to Mexico and the Texas Revolution
To the south, the Transcontinental Treaty (Links to an external site.) of 1819 (also known as the Adams-Onis Treaty) established a firm US-Mexican boundary—first with Spain, then with the independent Mexico. Ironically, it was the migration of American citizens out of the United States that set the stage for the most contentious stage of American expansion.
Following Mexico’s independence, Texas became part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas (the local name for the region). This area was in the far north of Mexico, and was sparsely inhabited. As part of a program to colonize the area, in the 1820s Mexico encouraged Americans settlers to migrate. Influential Americans like Stephen Austin (Links to an external site.) received large land.
The document summarizes key events from 1848 to 1854 that renewed sectional tensions between the North and South in the United States. Both major parties tried to ignore the issue of slavery during the 1848 election. The discovery of gold in California transformed the state and revived the national debate over slavery in the territories. The Compromise of 1850 temporarily postponed the conflict by admitting California as a free state while strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act, but tensions continued to rise due to the Underground Railroad and southern desires to expand slavery. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the Missouri Compromise ban on slavery north of 36°30', further dividing the nation along sectional lines and bringing it closer to civil war.
The document discusses the history of slavery and race relations in the United States from 1830 to the modern day. It covers the expansion of slavery and the slave trade, laws and court cases around slavery and segregation, the economic importance of cotton production to the South, and the emergence of Jim Crow laws and the civil rights movement towards desegregation.
Thomas Hart Benton believed that gratuitous land grants to actual settlers was better public policy than selling land to the highest bidder. As a senator from Missouri in the 1820s, he fought for a system of graduated land prices and donations to destitute settlers. Benton argued that cultivation of land generated far more revenue for the government through duties on imports than direct sales of land. He cited examples from other nations and colonies that had systems of generous land distribution to promote settlement. Benton worked to reform federal land policy to be more favorable to the interests of western states.
Chapter 30 Kennedy Administration AP REVIEWMichael Martin
The document summarizes key events from John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign and presidency, including his televised debate with Nixon, focus on issues like the "missile gap" and religion, and close election results. It also outlines Kennedy's inaugural address and goals for his "New Frontier" agenda, like the Peace Corps. However, Kennedy struggled to pass much of his domestic legislation due to opposition from Republicans and Southern Democrats in Congress. The summary concludes with brief mentions of Kennedy's handling of foreign policy challenges like the Bay of Pigs invasion and Berlin Wall crisis.
This document provides an overview of key events leading up to the American Civil War from 1850-1861. It summarizes the tensions around statehood for California, the passage of the Compromise of 1850 to address sectional issues, and the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin which increased anti-slavery sentiment. It also discusses the rise of nativist and anti-immigrant groups, several presidential elections and their impact, the Kansas-Nebraska Act and violence in Kansas, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Lincoln's election in 1860 which prompted several Southern states to secede and ultimately led to the Civil War beginning at Fort Sumter in April 1861.
The document summarizes Manifest Destiny and its legacy in the United States between 1840-1848. It describes how President John Tyler took over after William Henry Harrison's death and clashed with the Whig party. It then discusses the tensions with Britain over the borders of Oregon and Texas, as well as the Mexican-American War pursued by President James K. Polk to acquire California and New Mexico for the U.S. The war resulted in the Mexican Cession of lands through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo but also inflamed tensions over the expansion of slavery into the new territories, foreshadowing the Civil War.
1. The lecture discusses major trends in antebellum America from 1810 to 1860, including the emergence of new intellectual and religious movements, social reforms, and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution.
2. It also covers the expansion of federal power under John Marshall, the rise of American nationalism, and further westward expansion driven by the concept of "manifest destiny."
3. Key events discussed include the Gold Rush in California in 1849 that drew thousands of prospectors, and the Mexican-American War from 1846-1848 that resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States.
1) In the 1920s, the US pursued an isolationist foreign policy in the aftermath of World War 1 and refused to join international agreements or recognize the Soviet Union.
2) During World War 2, the US initially pursued neutrality but gradually increased aid to Britain through cash-and-carry and eventually lend-lease programs before entering the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
3) The US mobilized its massive industrial capacity to support the war effort as an "arsenal of democracy" and emerged from the war as the most powerful nation with unprecedented economic prosperity and an expanded role for the federal government.
25 the crash and_the_new_deal Martin APUSHMichael Martin
The document summarizes the key events of the 1920s stock market crash and the Great Depression in the United States. It describes how speculative investing on margin and uneven wealth distribution led to an economic bubble in the 1920s. The stock market crash of 1929 triggered widespread panic selling and bankruptcies as confidence collapsed. President Hoover initially relied on voluntary cooperation from businesses, but the economy continued to decline. High tariffs exacerbated global economic problems. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932 on a platform of the New Deal, which established agencies and regulations to relieve unemployment and stimulate the economy through public works projects and industry regulation. However, the Depression continued for nearly a decade until World War 2.
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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9
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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QUESTION
Explain why it is sometimes argued that the annexation of Texas and
the Mexican War were major causes of the Civil War.
DOCUMENT A
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DOCUMENT B
But, sir the issue now presented is not whether slavery shall exist
unmolested where it now is, but whether it shall be carried to new and distant
regions, now free, where the footprint of a slave cannot be found. This, sir, is
the issue....We are fighting this war for Texas and for the South. I affirm it -
every intelligent man knows it - Texas is the primary cause of this war....
Now, sir, we are told that California is ours, that New Mexico is ours -
won by the valor of our arms. They are free. Shall they remain free? Shall
these fair provinces be the inheritance and homes of the whole labor of
freemen or the black labor of slaves? This, sir, is the issue- this the question.
The North has the right, and her representatives here have the power.
Source: Speech by David Wilmot: Appeals for free soil, 1847.
DOCUMENT C
All the territory of the Union is the common property of all the states -
every member, new or old, of the Union, admitted to partnership under the
constitution, has a perfect right to enjoy the territory, which is the common
property of all. Some of the territory was acquired by treaty from England -
much of it by cession from the older states; yet more by treaties with Indians,
and still greater quantities by purchase from Spain and France; - large tracts
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again by the annexation of Texas - and the present was will add still more to
the quantity yet to be entered by citizens of the United States, or of those of
any of the countries of Europe that choose to migrate thither. Al this land, no
matter whence it was derived, belongs to all states jointly....[N]o citizen of the
United States can be debarred from moving thither with his property and
enjoying the liberties guaranteed by the constitution....
Source: The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, October, 1847.
DOCUMENT D
It can no longer be doubted that this is a war of conquest....A war of
conquest is bad; but the present war has darker shadows. It is a war for the
extension of slavery over a territory which has already been purged, by
Mexican authority, from this stain curse. Fresh markers of human beings are
to be established; further opportunities for this hateful traffic are to be opened;
the lash of the overseer is to be quickened in new regions; and the wretched
slave is to be hurried to unaccustomed fields of toil. It can hardly be believed
that now, more than eighteen hundred years since the dawn of the Christian
era, a government, professing the law of charity and justice, should be
employed in war to extend an institution which exists in defiance of these
sacred principles.
It has already been shown that the annexation of Texas was
consummated for this purpose. The Mexican war is a continuance, a
prolongation, of the same efforts; and the success which crowned the first
emboldens the partisans of the latter, who now, as before, profess to extend
the area of freedom, while they are establishing a new sphere for
slavery....But it is not merely proposed to open new markets for slavery: it is
also designed to confirm and fortify the "Slave Power."....Regarding it as a
war to strengthen the "Slave Power," we are conducted to a natural
conclusion, that it is virtually, and in it consequences a war against the free
States of the Union.
Source: Charles Sumner, written for the Massachusetts legislature in April, 1847.
DOCUMENT E
I proceed now to a consideration of what is to me the strongest
argument against annexing Texas to the United States. This measure will
extend and perpetuate slavery....
As far back as the year 1829, the annexation of Texas was agitated in
the Southern and Western States; and it was urged on the ground of the
strength and extension it would give to the slaveholding interest....The great
argument for annexing Texas is, that I will strengthen "the peculiar institution"
of the South, and open a new a vast field for slavery....
By this act, slavery will be perpetuated in the Old States as well as
spread over new. It is well known, that the soil of some of the old states has
become exhausted by slave cultivation....It is by slave breeding and slave
selling that these states subsist....By annexing Texas, we shall not only
create [slavery] where it does not exist, but breathe new life into it, where its
end seemed to be near. States, which might and ought to throw it off, will
make the multiplication of slaves their great aim and chief resource.
Source: Reverend William Ellery Channing, A Letter to Hon. Henry Clay, 1837.
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4. 11/25/2014 New Page 1
DOCUMENT F
I do not, then, hesitate to avow before this House and the country, and
in the presence of the living God, that if by your legislation you [northerners]
seek to drive us from the territories of California and New Mexico, purchases
by the common blood and treasure of the whole peoples, and to abolish
slavery in this District [Washington, D.C.] thereby attempting to fix national
degradation upon half the states of this Confederacy, I am for disunion. And if
my physical courage be equal to maintenance of my convictions or right and
duty, I will devote all I am and all I have on earth to its consummation.
Source: Congressman Robert Toombs of Georgia's response on the floor of the House to
Northern efforts to keep slavery out of the territories; December 13, 1849.
DOCUMENT G
Article V
The boundary line between the two Republics shall commence in the Gulf of
Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande,
otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest
branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea;
from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where
it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of
New Mexico; thence, westwardly, along the whole. Southern boundary of Mew
Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to its western termination;
thence, northward, along the western line of Mew Mexico, until it intersects
the first branch of the river Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that
river, the to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a
direct line to the same;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the
said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio
Colorado, following the division come between Upper and lower California, to
the Pacific Ocean...
Source: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848.
DOCUMENT H
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5. 11/25/2014 New Page 1
Source:
DOCUMENT I
Whereas, in the settlement of the difficulties pending between this
country and Mexico, territory may be acquired, in which slavery does not
exist. And, whereas, Congress, in the organization of a territorial government,
at an early period of our political history, established a principle worthy of
imitation in all future time, forbidding the existence of slavery in free territory;
therefore, Resolved, that in any territory, which may be acquired from Mexico,
over which shall be established territorial government, slavery, or involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crimes, whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, should be for ever prohibited; and that in any act or
resolution, establishing such government, a fundamental provision should be
inserted to that effect. This resolution, which was a palpable violation of the
Missouri compromise, the territory to be acquired lying on both sides the
compromise line, was sustained, on a motion to lay it on the table, by the
whole Northern vote, except 21 Democrats....
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6. 11/25/2014 New Page 1
Provided, That there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
in the territories hereby ceded, otherwise than in punishment of crimes,
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted for attaching this article to
the treaty, there were 15 northern votes an article which palpably violated the
Missouri compromise line, if that was a final compromise line; if not, it
palpably violated the Constitution.
Source: The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, January, 1856.
DOCUMENT J
….Texas has been absorbed into the Union in the inevitable fulfillment of the
general law which is rolling our population westward; the connexion of which
with that ratio of growth in population which is destined within a hundred years
to swell our numbers to the enormous population of two hundred and fifty
millions (if not more), is too evident to leave u sin doubt of the manifest design
of Providence in regard to the occupation of this continent. It was
disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process
perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours; and in which all the
censures due to wrong, perfidy and folly, rest on Mexico alone. And
possessed as it was by a population which was still bound by myriad ties of
the very heartstrings to its old relations, domestic and political, their
incorporation into the Union was not only inevitable, but the most natural, right
and proper thing in the world – and it is only astonishing that there should be
any among ourselves to say it nay.
Source: John L. O’Sullivan; The United States Magazine and Democratic Review, 1845.
DOCUMENT K
….Now, I hold that Illinois has a right to abolish and prohibit slavery as she
did, and I hold that Kentucky has the same right to continue ad protect slavery
that Illinois has to abolish it. I hold that New York has as much right to abolish
slavery as Virginia has to continue it, and that each and every state of this
Union is a sovereign power, with the right to do as it pleases upon this
question of slavery, and upon all its domestic institutions….
Now, my friends, if we will only act conscientiously and rigidly upon this
great principle of popular sovereignty, which guarantees to each state and
Territory the right to do as it pleases on all things, local and domestic, instead
of Congress interfering, we will at peace one with another. Why should Illinois
at war with Missouri, or Kentucky with Ohio, or Virginia with New York, merely
because their institutions differ? Our fathers intended our institutions should
differ. They knew that the North and the South, having different climates,
productions, ad interests, required different institutions.
Source: First Lincoln-Douglas Debate; Ottawa, August 21, 1858.
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR DOCUMENTS USED
Doc. A – Gretz, Katherine R. ed. Retrieving the American Past: 1810-1860.
Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 94-95 (Map: Territory added to
U.S.)
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7. 11/25/2014 New Page 1
Doc. B – Wilmot, David. "David Wilmot Appeals for Free Soil (1847)." The
American Spirit: The Ninth Edition. Eds. Thomas A. Bailey and David M.
Kennedy. Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 396-397.
Doc. C – Gretz, Katherine R. ed. Retrieving the American Past: 1810-1860.
Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 90-91. (The Expansion of Slavery
Justified).
Doc. D – Sumner, Charles. "The Expansion of Slavery Condemned: April
1847." Retrieving the American Past: 1810-1860. Ed. Katherine R. Gretz.
Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000. 92-93.
Doc. E – Channing, Reverend William Ellery. "A Letter to Hon. Henry Clay,
1837." United States History. John J. Newman and John M. Schmalbach.
New York: Amsco school Publications, Inc., 2002. 236.
Doc. F – Toombs, Congressman Robert. "Response on the floor of the
House to northern efforts to keep slavery out of the territories: December 13,
1849" United States History. John J. Newman and John M. Schmalbach. New
York: Amsco School Publications, Inc., 2002. 260.
Doc. G – Mitchell, Roth. Reading the American West. Addison-Wesley
Educational Publishers Inc., 1999. 122-123. (The Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo)
Doc. H – Dollar, Charles M., and Gary W. Reichard, eds. American Issues:
A Documentary Reader. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 1994. Random House, Inc.,
1988. 165-166. (Map: Annexation of Texas).
Doc. I – "The Union – The Dangers Which Beset it. Number One." The
United States Democratic Review/Volume 37, Issue 1, January 1856.
http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?
ammem/ncps:@field(DOCID+@lit(AGD162-0037-3))::
Doc. J – O’Sullivan, John L. "John L. O’Sullivan Advocates Manifest Destiny."
Retrieving the American Past: 1810-1860. Ed. Katherine R. Gretz. Boston:
Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 91.
Doc. K – Douglas, Stephen. "First Debate: Ottawa, August 21, 1858."
http://www.umsl.edu/~virtualstl/dred_scott_case/texts/deb1.htm
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR WORKS REFERENCED
Blaine, James. "The Missouri Compromise (1820)."
http://www.multied.com/documents/Miscompromise.html
Crittenden, Senator John. "The Crittenden Compromise: December 18,
1860." http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/carrie/docs/texts/critee~1.html
Douglas, Stephen. "Speech at Atlon, Illinois, October 15, 1858." United States
History. John J. Newman and John M. Schmalbach. New York: Amsco
School Publications, Inc., 2002. 262-263.
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Lincoln: Prologue to Civil War. Allan Nevins. Charles Scribners’s Sons, 1950.
330-331.
Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1947. 386-387. (
Fugitive Slave Law)
Polk, President James K. "This is the House that Polk built." Mr. Polk’s War.
John H. Schroeder. The University of Wisconsin Presss, 1959. 42-43.
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DBQ Question created by:
Susan Paul
Aontonette Poli
Maria Regina H. S.
Hartsdale, NY
2002
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