E-business refers to business conducted over computer networks and the Internet. It has several advantages over traditional business, including easy accessibility, quick information transmission, and international reach. The main types of e-business are B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), and C2C (consumer to consumer).
Online transactions involve registration, ordering, payment, and delivery. Payments can be made via cash on delivery, check, net banking, credit/debit cards, or digital wallets. Security risks include transaction errors, data hacking or theft, and privacy/intellectual property violations.
Successful e-business requires resources like computer systems, Internet access, websites, product catalogs,
This document provides an overview of electronic payment systems and secure online transactions. It discusses key concepts like e-transactions, the ACID properties of transactions, transaction processing benefits, traditional and online payment methods, secure online transaction models, digital currencies and payment systems like electronic funds transfer. It also covers security protocols like HTTPS, SSL/TLS that enable encrypted online transactions and private data networks that large companies use for secure connections.
This document analyzes the Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) system for securing electronic payments. SET uses cryptography techniques like SSL and nested encryption tunnels to securely transmit payment information between customers, merchants, and payment gateways. The system aims to provide authentication, data confidentiality, non-repudiation, access control, and data integrity. It allows customers to securely purchase items online by encrypting transaction data and verifying identities. The main advantage is it protects payment information and can be easily used, without additional software, by securing the conventional communication channels used for online transactions.
This document discusses e-business and related applications. It begins by defining e-business and the types of activities it involves, such as buying and selling goods and services online. It then covers advantages like reduced costs and time savings, as well as disadvantages like security issues. Different e-business models are described, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Strategies for e-business growth like affiliate marketing and continuous improvement are outlined. Emerging trends in e-business like mobile technologies, social media, and customization options are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce and discusses various topics related to e-commerce including:
- The history and generations of computers.
- Electronic commerce frameworks and applications such as supply chain management, e-markets, electronic data interchange, and internet commerce.
- Infrastructure components that support e-commerce such as multimedia content, storage servers, client-server architecture, and information delivery.
- E-commerce applications in different industries such as retail, manufacturing, and how it is changing business environments and processes.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce through a presentation. It begins with an introduction defining e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. The presentation then outlines the key elements, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. It discusses the different types of e-commerce transactions including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business, and others. Applications like online shopping, bill payment, tickets, and banking are explained. The document concludes with a discussion of the top advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce transactions.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce, including its definition, key concepts, models, and benefits/limitations. It defines e-commerce as business transactions conducted electronically and notes it initially started in 1948. The models of e-commerce discussed include B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C, C2G, and C2B. Benefits listed are operational cost savings, international marketplaces, and mass customization. Limitations include security/reliability issues, technology evolution, and lack of trust in online interactions. Intranets and extranets are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of electronic payment systems and secure online transactions. It discusses key concepts like e-transactions, the ACID properties of transactions, transaction processing benefits, traditional and online payment methods, secure online transaction models, digital currencies and payment systems like electronic funds transfer. It also covers security protocols like HTTPS, SSL/TLS that enable encrypted online transactions and private data networks that large companies use for secure connections.
This document analyzes the Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) system for securing electronic payments. SET uses cryptography techniques like SSL and nested encryption tunnels to securely transmit payment information between customers, merchants, and payment gateways. The system aims to provide authentication, data confidentiality, non-repudiation, access control, and data integrity. It allows customers to securely purchase items online by encrypting transaction data and verifying identities. The main advantage is it protects payment information and can be easily used, without additional software, by securing the conventional communication channels used for online transactions.
This document discusses e-business and related applications. It begins by defining e-business and the types of activities it involves, such as buying and selling goods and services online. It then covers advantages like reduced costs and time savings, as well as disadvantages like security issues. Different e-business models are described, including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and others. Strategies for e-business growth like affiliate marketing and continuous improvement are outlined. Emerging trends in e-business like mobile technologies, social media, and customization options are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce and discusses various topics related to e-commerce including:
- The history and generations of computers.
- Electronic commerce frameworks and applications such as supply chain management, e-markets, electronic data interchange, and internet commerce.
- Infrastructure components that support e-commerce such as multimedia content, storage servers, client-server architecture, and information delivery.
- E-commerce applications in different industries such as retail, manufacturing, and how it is changing business environments and processes.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce through a presentation. It begins with an introduction defining e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. The presentation then outlines the key elements, types, applications, advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. It discusses the different types of e-commerce transactions including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business, and others. Applications like online shopping, bill payment, tickets, and banking are explained. The document concludes with a discussion of the top advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce transactions.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce, including its definition, key concepts, models, and benefits/limitations. It defines e-commerce as business transactions conducted electronically and notes it initially started in 1948. The models of e-commerce discussed include B2B, B2C, B2G, C2C, C2G, and C2B. Benefits listed are operational cost savings, international marketplaces, and mass customization. Limitations include security/reliability issues, technology evolution, and lack of trust in online interactions. Intranets and extranets are also summarized.
The document discusses the First Virtual payment system, one of the first Internet payment systems available to the public. It was developed in 1994 and provided features similar to early platforms like eBay and PayPal. The system allowed users to make purchases online using VirtualPINs instead of credit card numbers for security. Transactions were confirmed via email to prevent fraudulent charges. The system had advantages like protection from fraud and easy merchant signup but long waiting periods for payment deposit and merchants assumed all risk. Overall, the document provides background on one of the pioneering digital payment systems from the early days of e-commerce.
E-business refers to carrying out business activities through the internet. It allows organizations to conduct day-to-day operations using internet technologies internally and externally. The major types of e-business are B2B (business to business), B2C (business to customer), C2C (customer to customer), and intra-business commerce. E-business provides opportunities like low costs and global reach but also faces security risks and requires resources like qualified staff and payment systems. While e-business has limitations like low personal touch, it is becoming more interactive and is the future of business despite constraints.
The document discusses various topics related to e-commerce and electronic payments including real world cash, electronic money, analyzing cash, checks and cards, secure electronic transaction (SET), B2B e-payments, a general guide to e-payments, and issues and implications. It provides information on different payment methods, standards like SET, benefits of e-payments for B2B transactions, tips for online payments, and questions around consumer needs, corporate processes, strategy and regulation in electronic payments.
Electronic business, commonly referred to as e-business or e-commerce, involves using information and communication technologies to support business activities, particularly external relationships with customers, suppliers, and other businesses. There are several types of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, online transactions, and outsourcing. While e-business provides opportunities for cost reduction, growth, and efficiency, it also presents risks such as transaction security, data storage and transmission security, and threats to intellectual property. As competition increases, more companies are expected to adopt e-business models to sell products and promote their brands online.
This document discusses different types of e-commerce models and electronic payment methods. It describes B2B e-commerce which involves business to business transactions over the internet. B2C refers to businesses providing an online shopping environment for consumers. C2C allows for trading between consumers through sites like eBay. Payment methods discussed include credit cards, debit cards, e-money, smart cards, and electronic funds transfer. Websites for each e-commerce model and examples of each payment type are also provided.
This document provides an overview of electronic business (e-business) and its applications. E-business utilizes information and communication technologies to support business activities both internally and externally. It focuses on using ICT to enable relationships between a business and individuals, groups, and other businesses. The web is a key tool for e-business, allowing businesses to attract customers through marketing and advertising, improve customer service, and expand their reach. E-business provides benefits like increased sales, reduced costs, and more accessibility and communication. Its applications include internal systems like CRM and ERP as well as e-commerce, supply chain management, and online/offline marketing. E-marketing, e-commerce, and e-business are related but
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (e-commerce) including its history, applications, infrastructure, elements, advantages, disadvantages, and the process. It discusses key topics such as the main components of e-commerce systems, technologies used, payment systems, security concerns, and transaction processing. The course outline at the end indicates it will cover topics ranging from the basics of e-commerce and infrastructure to more advanced topics like scalability, cryptography, and current/future directions.
This document discusses different modes of e-business. It defines e-business as conducting business online and identifies the main types as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and business-to-administration (B2A). B2B refers to businesses transacting with each other online. B2C involves businesses selling products and services directly to consumers. C2C allows consumers to act as businesses by selling to each other. B2A covers interactions between businesses and public administrators. The document also outlines the benefits, limitations, and security issues related to online transactions and e-business, as well as discussing outsour
EDI involves the electronic exchange of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between supply chain partners over networks like the internet. Standard message formats are used to automatically exchange documents between computer systems using EDI software. While the idea of EDI originated in the 1960s with railroads in the US, it grew in the 1970s with the development of national EDI standards to reduce costs and increase efficiency compared to paper-based document exchange. EDI allows organizations to streamline processes and improve trading relationships.
This document discusses emerging modes of e-business. It defines various types of e-business including B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer), and intra-business commerce. B2B refers to businesses conducting business with other businesses. B2C involves businesses selling products or services to consumers. C2C has no middle businesses and allows consumers to become sellers. Intra-business commerce occurs within a single firm using an intranet. The document also outlines the benefits and limitations of e-business, such as increased accessibility but also security and technical challenges. It describes online transactions and payment options including cash-on-delivery, checks, credit/debit cards,
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, types, processes, and payment methods. E-commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. The main types of e-commerce are B2B, B2C, B2E, and C2C. Key e-commerce processes include security, personalization, content management, payment, and collaboration. Common electronic payment methods are credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-money, and electronic funds transfer. The document also lists some pros and cons of e-commerce.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. It provides advantages like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets. Various types of e-commerce include business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) models. While e-commerce offers benefits such as convenience and wide product selection, it also has drawbacks like the inability to physically examine products and potential credit card theft. E-commerce is growing rapidly in India and is expected to exceed Rs. 3500 crore by 2010-11.
The document discusses several planning and implementation issues for businesses starting an online presence including choosing a domain name, deciding whether to build the site in-house or outsource, ensuring adequate resources are available to handle increased sales, customizing the site for customers, and establishing relationships with partners. It also outlines several operational risks of going online such as ensuring payment security, dealing with global markets, preventing errors in orders, keeping the website updated, protecting personal details and preventing fraud, and planning for potential hardware and software failures.
The document discusses various electronic payment systems used for e-commerce transactions. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different systems including electronic cash, electronic wallets, smart cards, and credit cards. It provides details on how each system works, examples of implementations, and considerations regarding their adoption and success.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
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# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
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This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
Credit cards are dominant form of online payment, accounting for around 80% of
online payments in 2005
-New forms of electronic payment include:
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
Digital
Digital
Online
Digital
Digital
Digital
Wallet
cash
stored value systems
accumulating balance payment systems
credit accounts
checking
E-money refers to stored monetary value that is electronically represented and can be used for making payments. There are two main types of e-money: identified e-money, which contains information revealing the identity of the person who withdrew the money from the bank; and anonymous e-money, which works like cash and does not leave a transaction trail. Electronic payment systems allow for global reach, high speed, low transaction costs, and are highly automated. Security measures for e-payments include authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, non-repudiation, and standards like SSL and SET.
The vast spreading of information in the last decade has led to great development in e-commerce. For instance, e-trade and e-bank are two main Internet services that implement e-transaction from anyplace in the world. This helps merchant and bank to ease the financial transaction process and to give user friendly services at any time. However, the cost of workers and communications falls down considerably while the cost of trusted authority and protecting information is increased. E-payment is now one of the most central research areas in e-commerce, mainly regarding online and offline payment scenarios. In this paper, we will discuss an important e-payment protocol namely Kim and Lee scheme examine its advantages and delimitations, which encourages the author to develop more efficient scheme that keeping all characteristics intact without concession of the security robustness of the protocol. The suggest protocol employs the idea of public key encryption scheme using the thought of hash chain. We will compare the proposed protocol with Kim and Lee protocol and demonstrate that the proposed protocol offers more security and efficiency, which makes the protocol workable for real world services.
Future trends and legal aspects (111 kb)IMRAN KHAN
This document discusses future trends and legal aspects related to web design. It begins by explaining how e-commerce and m-commerce have impacted business globally and allowed transactions to occur remotely. It then outlines several objectives to be achieved, including explaining legal rights and obligations for web designers.
The document proceeds to discuss emerging trends in e-commerce and m-commerce, including different models like B2B, B2C, C2C, and B2E. It also covers modes of electronic payment. Success factors for e-commerce are described, such as providing a secure purchasing process, reliable infrastructure, and customer value. Issues that can still arise are noted, like not fully understanding customer needs. In closing, the document
This document defines e-commerce and related terms. E-commerce involves business transactions conducted over telecommunications networks, especially online purchases. It has evolved from electronic funds transfer between banks in the 1970s to the modern use of websites and online shopping. The document outlines the process of online purchases and different types of e-commerce transactions between businesses, consumers, and governments. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce and discusses the emergence of m-commerce via mobile devices.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
The document discusses the First Virtual payment system, one of the first Internet payment systems available to the public. It was developed in 1994 and provided features similar to early platforms like eBay and PayPal. The system allowed users to make purchases online using VirtualPINs instead of credit card numbers for security. Transactions were confirmed via email to prevent fraudulent charges. The system had advantages like protection from fraud and easy merchant signup but long waiting periods for payment deposit and merchants assumed all risk. Overall, the document provides background on one of the pioneering digital payment systems from the early days of e-commerce.
E-business refers to carrying out business activities through the internet. It allows organizations to conduct day-to-day operations using internet technologies internally and externally. The major types of e-business are B2B (business to business), B2C (business to customer), C2C (customer to customer), and intra-business commerce. E-business provides opportunities like low costs and global reach but also faces security risks and requires resources like qualified staff and payment systems. While e-business has limitations like low personal touch, it is becoming more interactive and is the future of business despite constraints.
The document discusses various topics related to e-commerce and electronic payments including real world cash, electronic money, analyzing cash, checks and cards, secure electronic transaction (SET), B2B e-payments, a general guide to e-payments, and issues and implications. It provides information on different payment methods, standards like SET, benefits of e-payments for B2B transactions, tips for online payments, and questions around consumer needs, corporate processes, strategy and regulation in electronic payments.
Electronic business, commonly referred to as e-business or e-commerce, involves using information and communication technologies to support business activities, particularly external relationships with customers, suppliers, and other businesses. There are several types of e-business including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, online transactions, and outsourcing. While e-business provides opportunities for cost reduction, growth, and efficiency, it also presents risks such as transaction security, data storage and transmission security, and threats to intellectual property. As competition increases, more companies are expected to adopt e-business models to sell products and promote their brands online.
This document discusses different types of e-commerce models and electronic payment methods. It describes B2B e-commerce which involves business to business transactions over the internet. B2C refers to businesses providing an online shopping environment for consumers. C2C allows for trading between consumers through sites like eBay. Payment methods discussed include credit cards, debit cards, e-money, smart cards, and electronic funds transfer. Websites for each e-commerce model and examples of each payment type are also provided.
This document provides an overview of electronic business (e-business) and its applications. E-business utilizes information and communication technologies to support business activities both internally and externally. It focuses on using ICT to enable relationships between a business and individuals, groups, and other businesses. The web is a key tool for e-business, allowing businesses to attract customers through marketing and advertising, improve customer service, and expand their reach. E-business provides benefits like increased sales, reduced costs, and more accessibility and communication. Its applications include internal systems like CRM and ERP as well as e-commerce, supply chain management, and online/offline marketing. E-marketing, e-commerce, and e-business are related but
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce (e-commerce) including its history, applications, infrastructure, elements, advantages, disadvantages, and the process. It discusses key topics such as the main components of e-commerce systems, technologies used, payment systems, security concerns, and transaction processing. The course outline at the end indicates it will cover topics ranging from the basics of e-commerce and infrastructure to more advanced topics like scalability, cryptography, and current/future directions.
This document discusses different modes of e-business. It defines e-business as conducting business online and identifies the main types as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and business-to-administration (B2A). B2B refers to businesses transacting with each other online. B2C involves businesses selling products and services directly to consumers. C2C allows consumers to act as businesses by selling to each other. B2A covers interactions between businesses and public administrators. The document also outlines the benefits, limitations, and security issues related to online transactions and e-business, as well as discussing outsour
EDI involves the electronic exchange of business documents like purchase orders and invoices between supply chain partners over networks like the internet. Standard message formats are used to automatically exchange documents between computer systems using EDI software. While the idea of EDI originated in the 1960s with railroads in the US, it grew in the 1970s with the development of national EDI standards to reduce costs and increase efficiency compared to paper-based document exchange. EDI allows organizations to streamline processes and improve trading relationships.
This document discusses emerging modes of e-business. It defines various types of e-business including B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer), and intra-business commerce. B2B refers to businesses conducting business with other businesses. B2C involves businesses selling products or services to consumers. C2C has no middle businesses and allows consumers to become sellers. Intra-business commerce occurs within a single firm using an intranet. The document also outlines the benefits and limitations of e-business, such as increased accessibility but also security and technical challenges. It describes online transactions and payment options including cash-on-delivery, checks, credit/debit cards,
This document discusses e-commerce, including its definition, types, processes, and payment methods. E-commerce is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. The main types of e-commerce are B2B, B2C, B2E, and C2C. Key e-commerce processes include security, personalization, content management, payment, and collaboration. Common electronic payment methods are credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, e-money, and electronic funds transfer. The document also lists some pros and cons of e-commerce.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. It provides advantages like low entry costs, reduced transaction costs, and access to global markets. Various types of e-commerce include business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-employee (B2E), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) models. While e-commerce offers benefits such as convenience and wide product selection, it also has drawbacks like the inability to physically examine products and potential credit card theft. E-commerce is growing rapidly in India and is expected to exceed Rs. 3500 crore by 2010-11.
The document discusses several planning and implementation issues for businesses starting an online presence including choosing a domain name, deciding whether to build the site in-house or outsource, ensuring adequate resources are available to handle increased sales, customizing the site for customers, and establishing relationships with partners. It also outlines several operational risks of going online such as ensuring payment security, dealing with global markets, preventing errors in orders, keeping the website updated, protecting personal details and preventing fraud, and planning for potential hardware and software failures.
The document discusses various electronic payment systems used for e-commerce transactions. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different systems including electronic cash, electronic wallets, smart cards, and credit cards. It provides details on how each system works, examples of implementations, and considerations regarding their adoption and success.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
This document discusses e-commerce (electronic commerce). It defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the Internet. It describes the different models of e-commerce including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-government (B2G), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). It also discusses the necessary technologies and infrastructure to support e-commerce such as networks, web servers, electronic catalogs, and payment systems.
Credit cards are dominant form of online payment, accounting for around 80% of
online payments in 2005
-New forms of electronic payment include:
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
Digital
Digital
Online
Digital
Digital
Digital
Wallet
cash
stored value systems
accumulating balance payment systems
credit accounts
checking
E-money refers to stored monetary value that is electronically represented and can be used for making payments. There are two main types of e-money: identified e-money, which contains information revealing the identity of the person who withdrew the money from the bank; and anonymous e-money, which works like cash and does not leave a transaction trail. Electronic payment systems allow for global reach, high speed, low transaction costs, and are highly automated. Security measures for e-payments include authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, non-repudiation, and standards like SSL and SET.
The vast spreading of information in the last decade has led to great development in e-commerce. For instance, e-trade and e-bank are two main Internet services that implement e-transaction from anyplace in the world. This helps merchant and bank to ease the financial transaction process and to give user friendly services at any time. However, the cost of workers and communications falls down considerably while the cost of trusted authority and protecting information is increased. E-payment is now one of the most central research areas in e-commerce, mainly regarding online and offline payment scenarios. In this paper, we will discuss an important e-payment protocol namely Kim and Lee scheme examine its advantages and delimitations, which encourages the author to develop more efficient scheme that keeping all characteristics intact without concession of the security robustness of the protocol. The suggest protocol employs the idea of public key encryption scheme using the thought of hash chain. We will compare the proposed protocol with Kim and Lee protocol and demonstrate that the proposed protocol offers more security and efficiency, which makes the protocol workable for real world services.
Future trends and legal aspects (111 kb)IMRAN KHAN
This document discusses future trends and legal aspects related to web design. It begins by explaining how e-commerce and m-commerce have impacted business globally and allowed transactions to occur remotely. It then outlines several objectives to be achieved, including explaining legal rights and obligations for web designers.
The document proceeds to discuss emerging trends in e-commerce and m-commerce, including different models like B2B, B2C, C2C, and B2E. It also covers modes of electronic payment. Success factors for e-commerce are described, such as providing a secure purchasing process, reliable infrastructure, and customer value. Issues that can still arise are noted, like not fully understanding customer needs. In closing, the document
This document defines e-commerce and related terms. E-commerce involves business transactions conducted over telecommunications networks, especially online purchases. It has evolved from electronic funds transfer between banks in the 1970s to the modern use of websites and online shopping. The document outlines the process of online purchases and different types of e-commerce transactions between businesses, consumers, and governments. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce and discusses the emergence of m-commerce via mobile devices.
The document provides an introduction to electronic commerce (e-commerce) presented by Khalid Khan from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Peshawar. It defines e-commerce and its differences from e-business. The history and types of e-commerce are discussed. The document outlines the key components of a successful e-commerce transaction loop and forces fueling the growth of e-commerce such as economic, market, and technology forces. Students are instructed to study relevant books and online materials on e-commerce and e-business.
This chapter discusses emerging modes of business such as e-business and business process outsourcing. It begins by defining e-business as conducting business using computer networks, distinguishing it from traditional business. The chapter then explains the scope of e-business, including B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), and intra-business components. It discusses benefits of e-business such as expanded markets and cost reductions. The chapter contrasts e-business with traditional business and identifies major advantages and limitations of the electronic mode. It concludes by emphasizing that these emerging modes are new ways of conducting the same underlying business activities through technology and outsourcing.
This document is a project report submitted by Sudhanshu kumar sah to the Computer Society of India on creating an e-commerce website using J2EE, HTML, and MySQL. It acknowledges the guidance provided by Computer Society of India and two individuals. The contents section provides an outline of topics to be covered in the report, including introduction, history, electronic commerce, customers, product selection, payment, delivery, shopping cart systems, design, advantages, and disadvantages. It also includes an introduction to the project and certificates of completion.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet. It includes the entire online process from developing and marketing products to delivering, servicing, and receiving payment. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-government, and mobile commerce. E-commerce provides benefits such as reduced costs, increased flexibility, and access to new markets, but also poses risks such as security issues and lack of quality guarantees.
This document provides the syllabus for the course "E-Commerce and Governance (IT-721)" taught at Technocrats Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) Introduction to e-commerce including models, history and legal environment, (2) Electronic payment systems, (3) E-government and models, (4) E-readiness and applications, and (5) E-government security. The course aims to provide students an understanding of e-commerce and e-governance concepts, applications, benefits and issues.
Commerce involves the exchange of goods and services between entities. E-commerce refers to this exchange electronically over computer networks like the internet. It allows buying and selling online and has several advantages like low costs and global access. E-commerce has evolved from early electronic funds transfers between banks to modern online retail. It involves consumers browsing products on a merchant's website, purchasing, and payment processing. The main types of e-commerce are business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-employee, and consumer-to-consumer. While e-commerce provides convenience, there are also risks like inability to examine products and potential credit card theft.
This document provides an overview of e-commerce. It defines e-commerce as the purchasing and selling of goods and services over the internet. The document then discusses the history of e-commerce beginning in the 1970s, the various types including business to business, business to consumer, and consumer to consumer. It also outlines the process of an e-commerce transaction and lists pros such as lower prices and reduced costs, and cons like inability to examine products personally. Finally, it discusses the future growth of e-commerce in India with projections of increased jobs and transactions worth over 55 billion rupees by 2013-14.
The document defines e-commerce as the buying and selling of products over computer networks through electronic transactions. It provides a brief history of e-commerce from its origins in electronic data interchange in the 1960s to the development of web browsers in the 1990s. The document then describes the four main types of e-commerce: business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business, business-to-business, and consumer-to-consumer. It outlines some advantages like 24/7 operations and global reach, and disadvantages such as people's reluctance to use the internet for financial transactions. The conclusion is that while e-commerce faces challenges, its advantages have the potential to outweigh disadvantages with proper strategies to address issues.
This project report provides an overview of e-commerce. It defines e-commerce and discusses its history and types. It examines e-commerce from the perspectives of buyers and sellers. The report also outlines the benefits and challenges of e-commerce, reviews common applications and security issues, and summarizes key components of an e-commerce system.
This presentation will cover the basic introduction of E-Commerce and various types of E-Commerce. It will also cover the architectural framework of E-Commerce.
This document discusses e-commerce and related topics. It begins by defining commerce and e-commerce, noting that e-commerce refers to online business transactions using electronic communications. It then covers advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce, different e-commerce models including B2B, B2C, B2G and C2C, examples of each, and mobile commerce. The document also discusses e-commerce management topics such as business plans, taxes, and forms of business entities.
Pre-Sales : It consist of two steps like Search and Negotiate. Customer search for required website for product to be purchased. In Negotiate step customer find a supplier who offers good quality product at cheaper price and then customer agrees the terms forwarded by supplier.
Execution : This phase consist of Order and Delivery. Customer sends an order for the selected product and after processing the order, customer receives delivery of the product.
Settlement : This phase consist of Invoice (if any) and Payment. Invoice means customer will receive a bill for purchased product and after confirmation of received product, customer will pay for the same.
After-Sales : This phase consists of warranty and After Sale Services. In warranty period, customer will get all maintenance services for free or at minimum cost. After sale services means customer will do complaints (if any) about the performance of product and get maintenance service from the supplier.
Modes of PaymentForms of E-Commerce,Social Commerce ,M-Commerce ,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) ,Types of E-Governance ,Encryption is of two types-
Symmetric
(Private-Key Encryption )
Asymmetric
(Public-Key Encryption )
Digital Signature ,Digital Certificate
This video is presented by USEP's BSCS student Alvin Mark U. Cabeliño under Mr. ND Arquillano as a partial fulfilment for Elective 4 -E-Commerce It talks about E-Commerce Infrastructure.
The Design and Implementation of E-Commerce Management System.IOSRJECE
Electronic Commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. A person sitting on his chair in front of a computer can access all the facilities of the Internet to buy or sell the products. Unlike traditional commerce that is carried out physically with effort of a person to go & get products, ecommerce has made it easier for human to reduce physical work and to save time. E-Commerce which was started in early 1990’s has taken a great leap in the world of computers, but the fact that has hindered the growth of ecommerce is security. Security is the challenge facing e-commerce today & there is still a lot of advancement made in the field of security.The main advantage of e-commerce over traditional commerce is the user can browse online shops, compare prices and order merchandise sitting at home on their PC.For increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. For a developing country advancement in the field of e-commerce is essential. The research strategy shows the importance of the e-commerce in developing countries for business applications.
This document provides an overview of electronic commerce and discusses its various components. It describes the six layers that make up the architectural framework for electronic commerce: 1) applications services, 2) brokerage and data management, 3) interface and support layers, 4) secure messaging and document interchange, 5) middleware services, and 6) network infrastructure. Each layer is discussed in one to two paragraphs to explain its purpose and role in enabling electronic commerce.
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services over the Internet. There are several types including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). The document traces the history of e-commerce from the 1970s to today and discusses how the Internet has enabled global e-commerce opportunities and challenges. Key issues for multinational companies include understanding cultural differences that impact adoption rates, building consumer trust, and designing websites that are culturally sensitive.
The document is a chapter from a student's project report on e-commerce. It discusses the architectural framework for electronic commerce applications. The framework consists of six layers: 1) applications, 2) brokerage and data management services, 3) interface layers, 4) secure messaging, 5) middleware, and 6) network infrastructure and communication services. The layers work together to integrate information from different systems and enable the development of e-commerce applications.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
+1(1).pdf
1. CHAPTER
EMERCfJ oeis F
'i1 L
I~ -i
,.
_j[_i EARNING OBJECTIVES
After going through the chapter, the learner will be able to:
C] Understand the meaning, scope and advantages of e-Business
l1J Distinguish between e-bus111ess and traditional business
(Il Explain the process of online buying and selling as a parl of e-business
Gl Identify and measure the security issues of online business
W Understand the methods of sec.ure and safe business transactions
bJ Identify the resources required for implementation of a successful e-business
• ~
In order to meet the growing consumer needs in this competitive business environment, all
business houses put in their best for providing quality services in time. It creates the urge of
adopting the fastest possible means of reaching consumers in the market. E-business comes
as a solution of all these issues confronted by the modern day business houses. E-business,
E-commerce and Outsourcing are evolved as emerging mode of business.
CONCEPT OF E-BUSINESS
E-business refers to the business undertaken through computerized networking system. It
includes all sorts of activities connected with trade, industry and commerce. Internet is
considered as the most importa_
nt medium of operating such business.
e-BusINESS Vs e-CoMMERCE
There is a general perception about that e-Business and e-Commerce as both are the sanie
but in practical it is different from each other. e-Business is a broad concept consists of all
2. _-.v11ies related with trade industry and commerce e-Com .
ctt-P...w • C . · merce 1s considered
a pa,t d e,-business ~onzon. :_.
1
ommerc_e includes bu)'ing and selling of goods and
-~ onhne through mtemet w,,1 e e-Busmess consists of productio d 1
,...- . n, e,e opment of
piodu_C'5 accounting rmance '."anagement and other functions apart from th b .
::;;..:and selling ot goods and se" ,ces. e asic
ScOPE of e-BrsL,'ESS
TheSCoP"ol,-.Business ~eeps on e~panding" ith_ thegro ing consumer needs and upliitment
oftechnolog) in the _soc,et). It p_ertorms all the nmctions like trading oi goods and se"•ices,
prodllct on distnbu:1on, markeu~g, finance, HR and management etc. with the help of an
equ wedcomputerized net orkmg S stem and personnel. The entire function of e-Business
can be c assined into the number of categories i.e. ,a, 828 Commerce, (b) 82C Commerce
c ntra Bcommerce and (d) C2C Commerce. '
B2B conunerce
The ,..,ord 82B reters to 'Business to Business'. In this type of business. transactions are
F==~~~~aia~on~g~b~u~siness firms through Electronic Data Interchange lEDI; Technolog". It
conta ns the rollm, ing transaction~:
a Pac ng Orders
b Controllm~ and Regulating Production
De ~el) of Products to the consumers
d Transterring Information and Money
e Creafon ofdiiierent form utilities
D spatchmg and Collecting all the required documents
B2C Commerce
32( Commerce stands for the business in which transactions are made among business and
consumers. ft is otherwise termed as online retail business. This sort of business includes the
tof ov, ng business transactions:
a Promoting goods and services through effective marketing channels
b Trading online with the consumers
d Accepting orders and deliver the products ordered in time
d Redressing grievances of consumers
l.7RA B COlLIERCE
Intra B Commerce represents the s'5tem in which all the transaction~ w_ithin a busin_ess
concern are performed through use of internet. It helps in maintaining ettectLve coordination
among different departments in the firm. It ensures proper management ot the business
operation. for Example, both the production manager aod marketing manager can ea
51
I)
communicate the desired and important information regarding to production 'olume a
nd
3. 160
the market demand. It helps both of them to formulate strategies for the accon, 1
•
ti . d . d . f . d'ff p IShrri
1e1r epartmental objectives. This system 1s use rn per ormrng I erent trans . er.to,
.
f r· . b I action I
interaction among different departments o a inn, reporting Yemp oyees, recruit s 11t,e
selection, training and development of employees etc. rnent alld
C2C Commerce
C2C Commerce stands for transactions taken ~lace among consumers only. This ty
business takes place in the absence of an established market. For Example, consurn Pe of
ers de I
with selling of used books or clothes.
a
BENEFITS OF e-BusINESS
Following are the benefits of e-Business:
(a) Easy formation: It ,s easy to form an e-Business in comparison with other fo
. . h 1
· . d f d rrn ot
business organization. This type of business can start wit im,te un s. It does not re
. . h b . f' quire
many legal formalities to complete for incorporating sue usiness 1rm.
(b) Convenience: It 1s easy and convenient of t~e e-B~siness firm~ to get in direct touch
or contact with consumers, suppliers and other business firms. It provides 24/7 service to the
consumers at their door step.
(c) Quick Transmission of information: Information can be transmitted easily and quick!
due to the use of internet. As a result of which, informations can b~ passed on from the plac~
of consumer to that of producer and vice versa. It red.u_ces th~ time consumed during the
placing of order and delivery of the final products spec1f1cally incase of Booking Tickets for
Mo ies. Flight, Train, e-Books, Software, Journals Recharge of Telephone and DTH Services
etc.
(cf) International Accessibility: Internet helps e-Business to go beyond the geographical
limits of countries and transacting all over the world. It provides an opportunity to the
consumer to procure their desired products from any country online.
(e) Promoting Paperless Transactions: This type of business helps in promoting paperless
transactions in the economy. It reduces the issues like redtapism and over dependency on
paper work and ensures an effective delivery system of business transactions.
Online Transactions
Online Business transaction is taken on the basis of electronic form through internet.
Such transactions are less time consuming and cost effective. Following are the number of
important steps taken for performing an onlrne business transaction:
la) Registration: Registration is considered as the first step in the process ofonline business
transaction. At first, the buyer has to sign up a form to open an account in the e-commerce
platform to transact with the seller. It 1s essential to fill all the required boxes by putting some
?fthe ba_s1c information like Name, Mobile Number and E-mail Id. After putting all the basic
information, the next step is to create a User Id and Password which will work as a securi~
or protection shield for the consumer.
4. ~·~~
, . g Modes of susiness 161
Ernerg1n .
. an order: After_gener~tmg User Id and P~sswor~, buyer has to place its
(b) placing de by placing a direct order by browsing online or addina to the cart
an be ma . . ·1 bl o
O
rder. It c e Shopping Cart 1s an option ava1 a e to the online buver to store their
referenc . d f f , -
for future vhich can be use as uture re erence. After selectina the products from the
d oducts v h . b
desire pr .1
ble buyer can place t e1r products.
. es ava1 a ,
I nativ · · ·d d h ·
ater t Mechanism: Payment 1s cons, ere as t e most crucial and sensible part
(c) Pay_
rnenbusiness transaction as it involves monetary aspects and digital pavment. It
n1ne f f t· d . . h '
of a~ 0 i h end security or a sa e pa~ment ~r un. s transter tor t e orders placed by the
requires hg t can be made for an online business in the following ways:
payrnen
buyer. h n Delivery (COD): It is a system of payment in which, customers have to make
(i) cas ~on physical delivery of the goods ordered online.
he payrnen
t h e· under this system, buyer can make the payment throubah cheque for the
CO C equ .
11 fgoods ordered. After collecting the cheque from the bank, seller must ensure the
arno~nti°d livery of the goods to the buyers place.
phys1ca e . . . . .
.. N t Banking: Net Banking 1s an alternative option available for the online payment for
(
11
!' etransactions. Buyer can transfer the billed amount of the order placed through net
business d. I h d
k
. from his bank accounts 1rect y tot even or.
ban ing
(iv) Credit or Debit Cards_
: It is considered as the commo~ly an_d popul~rly use? medium
ofonline payment. Under this system, customers can use their debit or credit card tor making
the payment of the billed amount to the seller online.
(v) Wallets: Online Payment for the billed amount can be made through wallets or digital
cash option. Wallet is considered as an electronic currency. A user of such wallet has to
transfer some funds from his or her bank account to the wallet. The amount so transierred to
the wallet will be shown as the balance amount of the wallet. At the time of making online
payment, the billed amount of the order will be charged from the wallet. The said amount
~ will be transferred from the wallet to the account of the vendor directly.
LJ SECURITY AND SAFETY OF ONLINE BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
There are number of risks and threats associated with online business transactions. Hence,
it becomes essential to give more emphasis on the safety and security of these transactions.
Following are the major risk factors connected with online form of business:
1. Transaction Risks
Online business transactions face the threats of transaction risks which are discussed below:
(a) Problems in Delivery of goods such as delivery of goods at wrong address, difference
in quantity ordered and delivered, complete omission of delivery etc. These are other.vise
termed as 'default in delivery processes'.
(b) There may be default in payment made by the buyer through online d~e to technical
or server issues. It may result in non-payment of the amount due to the seller.
{c) _
There are chances of misplacing or wrong placing of order. It may happen due to some
tech~ical issues. As a result of which, either the buyer or seller may claim of not placing or
receipt of order.
5. 162
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1
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cornp11tc1· c
rncl its functioning. It nrny c:,1us,~ c"'",1 - - .. _
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I11t,.,ndc,cJ to darnngc some spcr:1f1c. dntc.1 o r frh: or ew,r,
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storls I sopcrn rng sys er . , - '-' , . . . . .
tlw entire systern. Ht1cki11g refers to the una11thoriicd rrespass'.ng or <
-!~_try ,_n to ,1 wd,~il!: f,n
the purpose of destructing or dnrnaging the: stored data ancJ rnforrntitron in -~he ~yst_ern. All
· h Vll)US 111 ·k·1
r1fl c m be r>reventcci by usin° Anti Vll'US
tlw~o scn1rilics issue rdated w,t , ;inc - ;ic. n ·' n ,
Softw;ne, progr.1mrning, scanning and 11pcbling fik:s from time to time.
3. llisks of Violation of Privacy and Intellectual Property Rights
Threc1ts of violation of privncy and inteller.tual property rights are increased with th(:
publication of informntion over internet. It leads to copy the informotion directly by other
users cJsily. It unh,rnccs the chances of receiving junk mails from multiple sources.
RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF A SUCCESSFUL e-BUSINESS
There c1rc difforcnt resources required for effective implementation of tl successful online
business. These are:
(.1) Computer System: Computer system i~ the most important resources required for
starting an c-Business. It is the basic need for cstablishin8 online business. An user can
interact with the selected vendors through an internet network by using hi!:> or her compute:r.
(b) Internet Connection: Computer ,:done rt11111ot serve the purpose of running an<l
operating a successful e-Business. It is required to have internet connectivity to the computers
for entering in lo an onlinc business transaction. W ith the help of internet facility, buy~r can
browse number of websites to idl'ntify and !,el<-·ct the desired product.
(c) Wchsitcs: Websites arc reg(ircled J~ one of the importJnt aspect for the c-Busine:ss.
Wehs~tcs_ provid~ ~arious product related iniormation inr lucling both qualitative and
q11ant1tilt1ve descriptions t.o the users. Such sitP-, provide all the informations available about
lhc product's i.1cross the globe within the compult!r fr;ime.
(d) Proclud C,1talogue: It refers to ,..1 brochure or doc u1T1cnt~ 1.vhich contains numerous
informations r?garcling _to products, category of pruducts, pric.e~. 4u.i lity c1nd quantities etc.
on the respective websites for the reference of consumers.
. ~
(.:)._
shoppi!ig_~-c~rd: ~hopµing Card is also consiclen:d <
1s il resource for trading online
successfully. fh 1s card ciln be used for the jJUl'fJOse of storinr> •ill 1t1r., . .,I 1•d d t ·n a
· I
1
- f - ,,, c , .... se ec e pro uc. s 1
sing e page or uture rclerence J.nd decisions making.
6. Modes of 1::Su~11 ,......~-
Ernerg,ng
t Gateway:Payment Getaway refersto the platform which f .1
.
1
.
ti raymen h II .
ac11tates e ectronic
(,, f f om the buyer to t e se er quickly and safely.
d transer r
fun 5
Difference Between Traditional Business and e-Business
. e the basic difference between Traditional Business and e-Bus· .
Following ar
mess.
Basis
~formation
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cost
Organization
Structure
Physical
E
xistence
Flow of
information
Business
Cycle
Coverage
Traditional Business
It is comparatively difficult
to form a traditional type of
business.
Cost for setting up and operation
of a traditional business is high.
It follows a vertical organization
structure.
It must have a physical existence.
• 4d·' -....,-
e-BUS/neSS · ·
The process of formation of an
e-Business is very simple and
easy.
The cost of establishment and
running of an e-Business is less.
It follows a horizontal form of
organization structure.
It does not require any physical
existence.
Information flow
top management to
level through middle
from It is not required in case of
lower e-Business.
level
management.
The process of business cycle is
comparatively long.
This type of business is confined
to a lim ited area.
The process of business cycle is
short.
There is no such restriction on
e-Business and it can access
from any place.
CONCEPT OF O UTSOURCING
Outsourcing may be defined as a process of assigning a part of the business activities to
some of the specialized and expert business houses. The primary objective of outsourcing is
to avail the skill, competence, professional work and expertise of the outsourcing agencies.
At present, some of the big industrial sectors are also outsourced some of their core busine~s
activities to the specialized agencies for completion of the target w ork within the time limit.
There are basically two types of outsourcing agencies operated in the society termed as BPO
(Business Process Outsourcing) and KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing).
SCOPE OF OUTSOURCING
Outsourcing contains different segments Iike Contract Manufacturing, Research, Sales and
Formalities. It is mostly used in IT sector basical ly through BPO and KPO. These concerns are
providing basic customer support voice based service. The major source of revenue of the
BPO i d
. I f d t ork and higher value
n ustry come from call centres, high and low vo ume o a a w
7. D
164 Business Studie
s-x,
work based on information. In recent times most of the big industrial houses are outsou
. , reed
their customer support service segment to the BPO and technical services to the kPo
sectors.
Need of Outsourcing
The concept of outsourcing is required due to the following reasons:
(a) Quality Customer Service: Companies are outsourced some o! their business segments
to outsourcing agencies for improving the quality products and services to the consumers. It
helps in concentrating more on the core areas of their business.
(b) Urge for Excellence: Outsourcing enables business organizations to concentrate more
on their core business segments which leads them towards excellence. It helps in increasing
the quality of their core product or service.
(c) Reducing Cost: Sometimes, companies may prefer to outsource some parts of their
business for decreasing the production and operating cost. Outsourcing helps business
concerns to reduce the cost of production and operation up to certain extent.
BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)
Business Process Outsourcing sectors are assigned different business activities to perform on
behalf of the client companies. These activities are connected with production, marketing
trading and finance etc. These organizations reduce the work burden of the client business
enterprises by sharing a portion of the total business segment. BPO concerns provide
specialized and professional services to the needy business firms. BPO services are generally
taken for advertising, distribution and transport services.
KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing)
KPO is regarded as the higher end of BPO. It provides knowledge based services to the
client organizations in a cost effective manner. These organizations are well known for
the knowledge expertise services. It is used in certain areas like research & development,
medical services and legal services etc.
Concept of Smart Card and ATMs
Smart Cards refer to a plastic card designed specifically for the purpose of digital transactions.
Such card is embedded with a microprocessor chip, electronic memory and a battery. It
may store account related information of the holder. It is a chip based card and does not
contain magnetic strip at the back like Credit Cards. ATM cards are the smart cards used for
performing different banking services. ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine card are
used for the purpose of withdrawal of cash from the machines, purchase on POS machines
at retail outlets, Online Payments etc.
UTILITIES OF ATM AND SMART CARDS
ATM and Smart Cards can be used for the following purposes:
(a) Multiple Applications: Smart cards can be used as ATM Cards, Debit Cards, Credit
Cards, Travel Cards, Passport, and Ration card, Driving License, Voter ID Cards and Identity
Cards etc.
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AfM roun1c..1 r~ for wi1hdr,1w.1 I .mrl cleµosit of c..ish. Apart from this, this card can be used to
buyproduct'> on lim•, from dq>Jrtnwntc1I stores, big tr.:iding houses and all the places where
c,1td~ :ir<' .1rcL•pl1•d for p.1ymL'lll. ATM's c m be installed anywhere like Airports, Railway
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ion-., Pdrol P111nps, Big nusirwss ,1rcL1des, markets, etc. Hence, it gives easy access to the
< u,tPrnl·r~, 1or (ihtdining r,1sh. The ATM services was provided first by the foreign banks like
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IClCI B,ink, HDFC 1
3.Jnk, SBI, UTI B.:ink etc.
Advantages of ATM's
fo the Cu~tomers
1 ATM's provicie 24 hrs. 7 days and 365 days a year service for banking transactions
1..1 Quick Jnd efficient services
) Maintains privacy in banking transaction
O Th(;-' transaction is completely secure thorough unique PIN
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Generating statement of accounts
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_ smgaccounts 111 any of the CBS connected branches
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11stant fund transfers
lo Banks
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11 a ter native option to extend bank111g hours.
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eduction in long queue at bank counters
- Reduce O ·
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perat,ng expenses.
lncre1sed k
c mar et penetration.