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Kesagani Ranga Uma Maheshwar Rao
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hear there are new techniques of circuit breaker testing
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1+1 venky
1.
* Circuit breaker testing
– New Approach Thomas Renaudin SEEEI conference
2.
Page 2© OMICRON Circuit
Breaker Testing > Circuit Breakers – Design and standards Tests on Circuit Breakers CIBANO 500
3.
Page 3© OMICRON Basically
a circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Definition of Circuit Breaker Ideal switch: closed open R = 0 Ω R = ∞Ω
4.
Page 4© OMICRON Purpose
of Circuit Breakers in Power Systems > Minimize losses in closed position > Open and close on command > Open or close a circuit to connect the power to/from the transmission line (O - break, C - make) > Open a circuit for planned maintenance (O - break) > Open a circuit at system fault to protect the system behind the circuit breaker (O break, O-C reclose, O-CO, auto-reclose) > Isolate between poles, open contacts and earth x Busbar Disconnector Circuit Breaker Power Transformer x Circuit Breaker Network
5.
Page 5© OMICRON Circuit
Breaker Components Source: ABB, [RUS07]
6.
Page 6© OMICRON A:
interrupter chamber B: insulated support column C: support structure D: central cubical E: wiring F: operating mechanism Source: Siemens Circuit Breaker Components
7.
Page 7© OMICRON Standards
– ANSI > C37.04-1999 > Standard ratings defined > C37.06-2000 > Schedule of preferred ratings > C37.09-1999 > Type tests > Routine tests > C37.081, C37.082, IEEE 693
8.
Page 8© OMICRON Standards
– IEC > IEC 62271-100, 2001 > Type, routine & field tests > Timing definitions > Guide for selection and specification > IEC 60694, 2001 > Normal service conditions > Schedule of preferred ratings > Altitude correction > IEC 60427, IEC 60815, IEC 60529, IEC 61166, IEC 61233
9.
Page 9© OMICRON IEC
- timing definition
10.
Page 10© OMICRON Circuit
Breaker Testing Circuit Breakers – Design and standards > Tests on Circuit Breakers CIBANO 500
11.
Page 11© OMICRON What
is usually needed to test breakers Timing Analyzer µΩ - Meter CB Supply > Rewiring for each test > Individual µΩ-Measurement for each interrupter > Collect data for test report
12.
Page 12© OMICRON 1.
Minimum pick-up test 2. Static resistance or contact resistance test (µOhm) 3. Timing of main and auxiliary contacts a. different operations (O, C, OC, CO, OCO, COCO, OCOCO,...) b. undervoltage test c. coil currents 4. Motor current 5. Contact travel (motion) of main contacts 6. Dynamic contact resistance (DRM) Typical tests on circuit breakers
13.
Page 13© OMICRON 1.
Minimum Pick-up Test
14.
Page 14© OMICRON 1.
Minimum Pick-up Test > Indicates the lowest voltage to operate the trip or close coil > Start at a certain voltage level > Try to operate > If not working increase voltage and try again > Ramp the voltage pulse until minimum voltage is reached with which the circuit breaker switches > Everybody has a „selfmade“ solution for this test
15.
Page 15© OMICRON 2.
Contact Resistance Test Conventional Setup
16.
Page 16© OMICRON 2.
Contact Resistance Test > Test is performed with a µOhm-Meter > A lot of different test devices on the market (weight, handling, output current and accuracy) > Inject a high current > Measurement of a small voltage in a noisy environment > Use 4-wire technique to connect
17.
Page 17© OMICRON 3a.
Timing Test > Connect to all main contacts > Connect to trip & close coil > Voltage supply required Time-consuming and error-prone Conventional Setup
18.
Page 18© OMICRON 3a.
Timing Test - Measured Values Open Time, Close Time, Contact Spread, Phase Spread, Trip-Free Time, Reclose Time
19.
Page 19© OMICRON 3b.
Timing undervoltage condition > Coils are normally driven by station battery > What happens if battery condition is not the best > Perform a test with reduced supply voltage (e.g. 80 %) > Check times for under voltage > does it work anyhow > are there any delays compared to nominal voltage? > Measure the overall times and compare to manufacturer values
20.
Page 20© OMICRON 3c.
Coil Current > Important tool in circuit breaker analysis > Detect potential problems in actuating coils > Reveal information on power supply > Comparison is best method of analysis
21.
Page 21© OMICRON 4.
Motor Current > Connect source to charging motor or use current clamp > Check charging times and charging currents > Compare with previous measurements
22.
Page 22 5. Contact
Travel Page 22© OMICRON Functional Breaker Model
23.
Page 23© OMICRON 5.
Contact Travel - Travel Measurement to find out: > Mechanical defects of the cinematic chain > Overall mechanical performance > Slow operation due to jammed mechanism > Deterioration of mechanical damping > Contact wear > Arcing contact length (in combination with DRM)
24.
Page 24© OMICRON 6.
Dynamic Resistance Measurement (DRM) > Recording the contact resistance during breaker operation (resistance over time) > Combination of contact resistance, timing and travel measurements 1.Inject high current 2.Start recording A & V 3.Operate Circuit Breaker 4.Calculate Resistance
25.
Page 25 6. Dynamic
Resistance Measurement (DRM) Use DRM to find out > Problems with contact fingers > Lubrication problems > The arcing contact length Page 25© OMICRON
26.
Page 26 6. DRM
Diagnosis: arcing contact length Page 26© OMICRON motion dynamic resistance coil current arcing contact length main contact ms
27.
Page 27© OMICRON Circuit
Breaker Testing Circuit Breakers – Design and standards Tests on Circuit Breakers > CIBANO 500
28.
Page 28© OMICRON Conventional
Setup for Circuit Breaker Testing > Rewiring between micro- ohm measurement and timing tests > Lots of cables > Time-consuming and error-prone > Long test cables create inductive loops which catch interferences > External supply or station battery required Mirco-ohm measurement Timing Tests
29.
Page 29© OMICRON CIBANO
500 – 3-in-1 Test System > Timing analyzer > Possible operations: O, C, CO, OC, O-CO, CO-CO, O-CO-CO > Motion measurement is possible in parrallel > Micro-ohm meter > Static AND dynamic contact resistance test > Powerful coil and motor stabilized supply > Coil/motor current analysis > Undervoltage condition test > Minimum pick-up test > Tests are possible without station battery
30.
Page 30© OMICRON CIBANO
500 – one system for all types of breakers > Medium-voltage circuit breakers > High-voltage circuit breakers (Live Tank) > High-voltage circuit breakers (Dead Tank)
31.
Page 31© OMICRON Unique
connection concept CIBANO 500 CB TN3 CB MC2
32.
Page 32© OMICRON Modular
concept for simplified testing – Main Contact Module CB MC2 > 2 high-current outputs and 2 sensitive voltage measurement channels > Keeps high-current cables as short as possible > minimizing the weight of the necessary cables > A digitized measuring signal is produced directly at the interrupter keeping analog cables as short as possible > very low noise interference > Only one connection cable to the main unit > fast set-up and reduced risk of wiring errors > Both sides grounded test possible
33.
Page 33© OMICRON Unique
connection concept
34.
Page 34© OMICRON Unique
connection concept
35.
Page 35© OMICRON Modular
concept for simplified testing – Transducer Node CB TN3 > Accessory for motion/contact travel test > 3 analog and digital channels for data acquisition of linear or rotational motion sensors > Interference-free digital transmission of results via one cable
36.
Page 36© OMICRON Powerful
software support > Primary Test Manager software supports all tests > One combined test report for all tests
37.
Page 37© OMICRON Benefits
of all-in-one OMICRON approach > 3-in-1 system combines: > timing analyzer > micro-ohmmeter > powerful AC/DC supply > One wiring for all test: all-in-one / all-in-once > One system for medium- and high-voltage circuit breakers > Immunity to interference due to short test cables > One combined report for all tests > Light-weight test system for on-site testing (20 kg / 44.1 lbs)
38.
Page 38© OMICRON
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