1.1. research in business
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This document provides an overview of business research, including its definition, purpose, and process. It discusses trends affecting business research and outlines the main components of the research process. These include defining the purpose, designing the study, analyzing results, and presenting conclusions. The document also categorizes the different types of research and researchers involved, from internal business researchers to specialty firms and syndicated data providers. Key terms related to business research are defined.
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![Welcome to
SCIENCE & SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH[ ]Dr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.Sc
Research in Business
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1) Problem discovery and definition involves identifying an opportunity or issue and clearly defining the research objectives.
2) Research design determines the appropriate research method such as surveys, experiments, or secondary data analysis.
3) Data gathering involves sampling, collection of primary or secondary data.
4) Data analysis and processing interprets the findings.
5) Conclusions and reporting communicates the research results and recommendations. The goal is to reduce uncertainty and focus business decision making.
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Quantitative techniques-for-management
Here are the key points about Quantitative Techniques:
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- Some important Quantitative Techniques used in business include linear programming, transportation models, assignment models, network models, inventory models, simulation, probability, decision trees, etc.
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3.... acceptance sampling
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This document summarizes the key stages of the business research process:
1) Problem discovery and definition involves identifying an opportunity or issue and clearly defining the research objectives.
2) Research design determines the appropriate research method such as surveys, experiments, or secondary data analysis.
3) Data gathering involves sampling, collection of primary or secondary data.
4) Data analysis and processing interprets the findings.
5) Conclusions and reporting communicates the research results and recommendations. The goal is to reduce uncertainty and focus business decision making.
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Using the Vogel's Approximation Method, an initial basic feasible solution is found allocating specific facilities to meet warehouse demands. The MODI method is then used to test for optimality. Some reallocations are made to improve the solution.
The optimal solution allocates production from the facilities to warehouses to meet demands at a total transportation cost of Rs. 900.
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The document discusses various aspects of research design. It defines research design and notes that it involves decisions about what, where, when, how much and by what means an inquiry will be conducted. It outlines requirements like identifying the type of research, being realistic and precise. Factors affecting research design are also discussed, like availability of data, time and resources. The main parts of research design are described as sampling design, observational design, statistical design and operational design. Different types of research designs are explained, including exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic and experimental designs. Key concepts in research design are also covered.
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1. Benchmarking involves comparing processes or methods to industry standards or best practices to identify areas for improvement.
2. The benchmarking process involves planning, data collection, analysis, and improving practices.
3. Types of benchmarking include competitive, functional, product, process, and strategic benchmarking.
4. Reasons for benchmarking include cost reduction, quality improvement, and establishing performance indicators.
5. Problems can arise if appropriate data is not collected or best practices are not
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A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
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This document provides guidance on evaluating PhD/Master's theses. It discusses conventions in academic writing and how they vary between disciplines and supervisors. The typical structure of a thesis is also outlined. The thesis examination process involves submitting the thesis to 2-3 examiners who write reports assessing whether the thesis meets the standards of the degree. Examiners consider the content and provide feedback to help improve the work. Both academic and non-academic factors influence examiners' final judgments. Specific comments on the title aim to ensure it appropriately reflects the focus and content of the study.
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This document discusses decision tree analysis as a tool for management decision making. It provides an example of a decision tree to analyze whether to invest in expensive permanent equipment or cheaper temporary tooling for a new product. The key points are:
- Decision trees depict sequential decisions and probabilities graphically to analyze options.
- An example decision tree shows options to invest or not invest in development, and potential outcomes of success or failure.
- Decision trees are read from left to right, with decision nodes as squares and chance events as circles connected by branches showing probabilities.
- The process involves identifying problems and alternatives, delineating the decision tree, specifying probabilities and outcomes, and evaluating alternatives.
X bar and R control charts
X-bar and R control charts are used to monitor the mean and variation of a process based on samples taken over time. An initial series of samples is used to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the process and establish control limits for subsequent X-bar and R charts. These control charts can then be used to monitor the process mean and variation and detect any points that are outside the control limits, indicating an out-of-control process that requires investigation. The document provides steps for constructing X-bar and R control charts using sample data and calculating control limits based on the sample mean and range.
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iabsg_dataroundtable
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Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
This document provides an introduction to research methods for business. It defines research as the process of finding solutions to problems through thorough study and analysis. There are two main types of business research: applied research which aims to solve current problems, and basic research which generates generalizable knowledge. Research helps managers make better decisions by systematically identifying issues, gathering relevant information, analyzing data, and developing evidence-based solutions. Both internal researchers and external consultants can assist managers with research, each offering their own advantages and disadvantages to consider.
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chapter-01 business research methodology
The document provides an introduction to research methods for business. It discusses what research is, the different types of business research including applied and basic research. It explains the role of managers in research and how knowledge of research can help managers make better decisions. The document also covers internal versus external researchers/consultants and the importance of ethics in business research.
chapter_1.ppt
This document provides an introduction to research methods for business. It defines research as the process of finding solutions to problems through thorough study and analysis. There are two main types of business research: applied research which aims to solve current problems, and basic research which generates generalizable knowledge. Research helps managers make better decisions by systematically identifying issues, gathering relevant information, analyzing data, and developing evidence-based solutions. Both internal researchers and external consultants can assist managers with research, each offering their own advantages and disadvantages to consider.
chapter_1.ppt
This document provides an introduction to research methods for business. It defines research as the process of finding solutions to problems through thorough study and analysis. There are two main types of business research: applied research which aims to solve current problems, and basic research which generates generalizable knowledge. Research helps managers make better decisions by systematically identifying issues, gathering relevant information, analyzing data, and developing evidence-based solutions. Both internal researchers and external consultants can assist managers with research, each offering their own advantages and disadvantages to consider.
chapter_1.ppt
The document provides an introduction to research methods for business. It discusses what research is, the different types of business research including applied and basic research. It explains the role of managers in research and how knowledge of research can help managers make better decisions. The document also covers internal versus external researchers/consultants and the importance of ethics in business research.
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Business process analysis and optimization: A pragmatic approach to business ...
Business process analysis and optimization: A pragmatic approach to business ...
Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
Chapter 1 - Research Methods for Business By Authors Uma Sekaran and Roger Bo...
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8.1. ethics and sr in ms
This document discusses ethics and social responsibility in marketing strategy. It covers dimensions of social responsibility including economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. It also discusses sustainability, marketing ethics and strategy, and challenges of being ethical. Key topics include regulating marketing ethics through codes of conduct, and incorporating ethics and social responsibility into strategic planning.
6.2. evaluating and controlling marketing activities
The document discusses evaluating and controlling marketing activities. It explains that a marketing strategy may differ from what is actually implemented. There are four possible reasons for this difference: an inappropriate strategy, inappropriate implementation, mismanaged implementation process, or changes in the internal/external environment. The document outlines a framework for marketing control that includes formal controls like input, process, and output controls, as well as informal controls like employee self-control, social control, and cultural control. Successful implementation also requires scheduling specific marketing activities and determining the sequence and timing of activities.
6.1. marketing implementation
This document discusses marketing implementation and control. It covers the link between marketing planning and implementation, noting they are interdependent and must constantly evolve. It also discusses elements of implementation like shared goals, marketing structure, resources and leadership. Approaches to implementation discussed include command, change, consensus and viewing it as organizational culture. The document emphasizes that internal marketing is key to getting employees motivated and coordinated to implement strategies for external customer satisfaction.
5.5. mlc decline stage
The document discusses marketing strategies for companies facing a declining market or product. It identifies several factors for companies to consider: potential loyal customer segments that could prolong the product's life; the product's market position and ability to attract customers from competitors; the company's low-cost structure allowing prices to remain viable. It outlines strategic options such as divesting the product, harvesting remaining profits, maintaining on a smaller scale, surviving as a niche player. Finally, it advises marketers not to give up and instead look for acquisition opportunities of competitors exiting the market.
5.4. mlc maturity stage
This document discusses marketing strategies for mature markets. It recommends that firms in mature markets focus on generating cash flow, holding market share, and stealing market share from competitors. Additional strategies include increasing a firm's share of each customer's needs, differentiating products through quality and service, maintaining a low cost position, and pursuing options to grow the market such as line extensions or expanding distribution. The key is to sustain competitive advantages, pursue growth opportunities, and maintain customer satisfaction in order to survive shakeouts within mature industries.
5.3. mlc growth stage
During the growth stage of a product, companies should leverage perceived advantages to secure a strong market position. They should establish a clear brand identity through promotional campaigns and create unique positioning through advertising that stresses benefits. Companies should also maintain quality control, maximize availability through distribution and promotion, balance price and demand, and monitor competitors. For pioneers in growth markets, strategic options include fortress defense, flanker defense, confrontation, market expansion, and contraction. Retaining current customers involves maintaining satisfaction and loyalty while discouraging switching. Challengers can use flanking attacks, frontal attacks, encirclement strategies, or leapfrogging.
5.2. mlc introduction stage
The document discusses marketing strategies during the introduction stage of a new product. It outlines six key strategies: 1) Attracting customers through advertising, PR, and publicity; 2) Inducing customers to try the product through samples and pricing incentives; 3) Engaging in customer education; 4) Strengthening distribution channel relationships; 5) Building availability through trade promotion; 6) Setting pricing objectives to balance investment and market realities. It also categorizes new products based on their newness and discusses advantages of pioneering vs following strategies.
5.1. mlc development stage
The document discusses the product life cycle and market life cycle. It focuses on the development stage of these cycles. During the development stage of the product life cycle, a firm experiences no sales revenue and a net cash outflow as they develop new products and incur expenses. For the market life cycle, the development stage involves conceptualizing a new product based on customer needs and benefits, analyzing feasibility, and test marketing before full launch. The goal is to identify customer needs correctly and develop strong products to set up success entering the introduction stage. Over 80% of new products fail, so effective development is crucial.
4.5. market positioning
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4.4. market differentiating
The document discusses differentiation and positioning strategies. It defines differentiation as creating differences in a firm's product that set it apart from competitors through distinct features, services, or characteristics. Positioning refers to creating a mental image of the product and its benefits in the minds of customers. While differentiation is based on the actual product, positioning depends on customers' perceptions of the product's real or perceived advantages relative to others. The document also notes that differentiation can be achieved through product descriptors or customer support services.
4.3. market branding
This document discusses branding strategies and key branding concepts. It covers basic branding decisions around product identification, comparison shopping, and risk reduction. Branding can enhance self-image and product loyalty. The document also discusses strategic brand alliances and how branding builds brand value through recognition, preference, and insistence. Customers who are brand insistent will go out of their way to find and purchase their favorite brand.
4.2. market targeting
The document discusses various targeting strategies for companies including single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, market specialization, niche-market strategy, mass-market strategy, growth-market strategy, and global market segmentation. The strategies allow companies to focus their marketing efforts on specific customer segments or markets to attract customers.
4.1. market segmentation
This document discusses market segmentation and targeting. It defines market segmentation as dividing a market into distinct groups of customers with distinct needs, characteristics, and behaviors. The key benefits of segmentation are identifying new product opportunities, designing effective marketing programs for groups, and improving resource allocation. However, segmentation risks missing customers that don't fit segments and misjudging target markets. The document outlines traditional and individualized segmentation approaches and criteria for successful segmentation like identifiable segments that are substantial, accessible, and responsive. It also discusses defining segments using demographic, geographic, behavioral, and other descriptors for both consumer and business markets.
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3.2. measuring market opportunities
There are four key types of systematic market knowledge systems that provide essential information for assessing markets and industries: internal records, marketing databases, competitive intelligence systems, and client contact systems. Additionally, targeted marketing research can provide insights into particular marketing challenges. Sales forecasts can be generated using either a top-down or bottom-up approach, and utilizing both concurrently is recommended as each has different strengths and insights that provide greater confidence if the results are similar. The six evidence-based forecasting methods outlined are statistical, observation, surveys, analogy, judgment, and market tests.
3.1. understanding market opportunities test
The document discusses conducting a situation analysis for marketing strategy. It covers:
1) A situation analysis describes current and future issues and trends affecting the internal, customer, and external environments. This gives an organization a "big picture" of how to deliver value.
2) Issues to consider include objectives, resources, customers, competition, economic conditions, regulations and more.
3) Conducting an analysis requires evaluating data, not just collecting it. The benefits of analysis must outweigh the costs. It is a challenging exercise.
4) A SWOT analysis is an effective tool to structure the assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It helps uncover competitive advantages to leverage in strategy.
Cost based pricing
This document discusses cost-based pricing strategies and compares traditional costing approaches to activity-based costing. Traditional costing allocates overhead expenses arbitrarily, which can reduce customer value. Activity-based costing links resource expenses to the variety and complexity of goods and services, yielding more accurate cost information. However, when setting prices, customers care more about the value of the product to themselves rather than the production costs to the firm.
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Topic7.1c compensation how_to_createa_market-competitive_payplannew
This document discusses how to create a market-competitive pay plan. It outlines a 5-step process for establishing pay rates: 1) conducting a salary survey, 2) evaluating jobs, 3) grouping similar jobs into pay grades, 4) pricing each pay grade, and 5) fine-tuning pay rates. It also covers topics like competency-based pay, executive compensation, the gender pay gap, and using HRIS systems to automate compensation administration. The overall goal is to develop a pay structure that attracts and retains employees while remaining fiscally responsible.
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This document discusses various job evaluation methods including ranking, classification, point method, and factor comparison. It provides examples of how each method works and the general steps involved. Key factors that are evaluated include skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. Legal considerations for compensation are also reviewed, such as the Equal Pay Act and other anti-discrimination laws. The overall process of job evaluation is outlined as identifying the need, choosing a committee, performing the evaluation, and getting employee cooperation.
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1.1. research in business
- 1. Welcome to SCIENCE & SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH[ ]Dr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.Sc Research in Business http://www.adventuregirl.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/responsible-travel-belize-eco-
- 2. FIRST LET’S WE SEE ABOUT The Learning Objectives
- 3. What business research is and how it differs from business decision support systems and business intelligence systems. Trends affecting business research and the emerging hierarchy of business research and research that falls short of professional quallity The nature of the research process http://cdn2.cloudpro.co.uk/sites/cloudprod7/files/pointing.jpg
- 5. It’s because Business research provides information to guide business decisions http://www.ikeepsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/whispering.jpg
- 6. Just like this …
- 7. RESEARCH SHOULD HELP Respond to Change !
- 8. “Enterprises have long recognized the need to better sense and respond to business change. What’s different today is that ubiquitous access to information and real-time communications have fostered an ‘always on’ business culture where decision making has become a ‘just-in time process. - Business Performance Management Forum
- 9. THE DEFINITION OF Business Research “
- 10. “A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating relevant business data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance
- 11. RESEARCH SHOULD REDUCE RISK The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level of risk of a marketing decision “
- 12. Just like this …
- 13. WHAT’S CHANGING IN BUSINESS That Influences Research ?
- 14. 1-14 Critical Scrutiny of Business Computing Power & Speed Battle for Analytical Talent Factors Information Overload Shifting Global Economics Government Intervention Technological Connectivity New Research Perspectives As Shown in the diagram below …
- 15. BUSINESS PLANNING Drives Business Research
- 16. 1-16 Organizational Mission Business Goals Business Strategies Business Tactics As Shown in the diagram below …
- 18. 1-18 Business Intelligence Government/ Regulatory Economic Competitive Demographic Technological Cultural/ Social As Shown in the diagram below …
- 19. HIERARCHY OF Business Decision Makers
- 20. 1-20 Visionari es Intuitive Decision Makers Standardized Decision Makers Visionaries As Shown in the diagram below …
- 21. MINUTE MAIN and Business Research
- 22. 1-22 As Shown in the explanation below …
- 23. FOR Example
- 24. P&G has a world-class research department http://img01.thedrum.com/s3fs-public/news/tmp/56002/pg.jpg
- 26. 1-26 Characteristics Data collection/ transmission Data interpretation Models Decision support systems Data management As Shown in the diagram below …
- 29. 1-29 Clearly defined purpose Detailed research process Thoroughly planned design High ethical standards Limitations addressed Adequate analysis Unambiguous presentation Conclusions justified Credentials As Shown in the diagram below …
- 30. There are Two Categories of Research Applied, and Basic (Pure) http://thesaxenaclinic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/nei-guan-is-approximately-two-finger-widths-above-the-wrist-crease.jpg
- 31. And 4 Types of Studies Reporting, Descriptive, Explanatory, and Predictive http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_SNKY08oGP_w/TKAjZk50t_I/AAAAAAAAEmQ/JaHpoqjOzSo/s1600/Johnnie+9.26.10+4+Fingers.jpg
- 32. AND THEN, WHO CONDUCT Business Research ?
- 33. 1-33 As Shown in the diagram below … Business Researchers Internal Research Departement
- 34. AND HERE ARE Some Syndicate Data Providers
- 35. • AC Nielsen • Scarborough • Millward Brown • Nielsen Media Research • Roper ASW • CSA TMO • Yahoo! • ORC International • DoubleClick • Nielsen/NetRatings • Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch • J.D. Power Associates • MediaMark • Simmon (SMRB) • BRMB • Information Resources Inc. 1-35 As Shown in the tabel below …
- 36. AND FEWS OF Specialty Business Research Firms
- 37. 1-37 Methodology Process Industry Participant group Geographic Region As Shown in the diagram below …
- 38. For Communication Agencies Understanding the image below … 1-38 Direct Business Public Relations AdvertisingSales Promotion
- 39. 1-39 NHRA CASRO MRA ESOMAR BRA AMA WAOBRP MPA NAB And For Trade Associations Understanding the diagram below …
- 40. 1-40 Last is Key Terms Remembering the Words beside … • Custom Researcher • Full-service researcher • Specialty researcher • Syndicated data provider • Omnibus researcher • Omnibus study http://www.memrise.com/s3_proxy/?f=uploads/mems/3432650000130607200152.jpeg