11. Climate Change: What does it mean and what must be done?
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In this lecture, we wrap up module two on climate science by taking a step back to see the problem in broad terms. We must decarbonize and we are not doing that yet...
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Within each theme, we provide one-page summaries of three of the key documents, as well as profiling four key websites and listing additional resources. A web-link is provided for every document and web sites referenced in order to allow readers to follow up with the full reports and websites in their own time.
The four broad themes are:
The Science of Climate Change;
The Economics and Technology of Climate Change;
Policy Responses to Climate Change; and
Business Responses to Climate Change.
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Basic Issues in climate science
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It finds that human activity, including emissions from energy production, agriculture and other sources, are extremely likely the dominant cause of global warming since the mid-20th century. Impacts from climate change are already occurring on every continent and risks include food and water shortages, increased poverty, and coastal flooding. Limiting global temperature rise to 2°C requires substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 along with adaptation measures, but the window for action is closing as over half of the carbon budget for staying below 2°C has already been used. Delaying mitigation will increase challenges and risks of impacts from climate change.
Highlight of the IPCC Work and Process and Findings from the IPCC Special Rep...
1. The IPCC report summarizes the key findings from the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C regarding the impacts of limiting average global temperature increases to 1.5°C compared to 2°C.
2. Limiting warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C could reduce the number of people affected by climate change impacts and reduce risks to biodiversity, food security, and economic growth.
3. Urgent and unprecedented global actions are needed to limit warming to 1.5°C, including substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and carbon removal from the atmosphere. Every bit of additional warming will raise the risk of severe consequences.
carbon-bubble
This document discusses the concept of a "carbon bubble" where fossil fuel companies may be overvalued because climate policies have not accounted for the need to limit carbon emissions to avoid dangerous global warming. The document estimates that to have a 50% chance of staying below 2°C of warming, only around 270-350 gigatons of carbon can still be emitted, yet worldwide fossil fuel reserves approved for development total around 760 gigatons. If strong climate policies are adopted, most reserved fossil fuels would be "stranded assets" that cannot be burned, potentially popping this carbon bubble and lowering stock prices in high-carbon industries.
Decc the carbon-plan
This document outlines the UK government's approach to tackling climate change through reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It identifies three critical areas for change: electricity generation, heating homes and businesses, and powering vehicles. The government is taking a whole-economy approach guided by principles of fairness, sustainability, facilitation, and international cooperation. The top priorities are developing EU leadership, building the case for global action with key partners, supporting developing countries, and ensuring progress in international climate negotiations.
Climate change for dummies
This document provides an overview of climate change by discussing:
1. The correlation between CO2 levels and global temperatures over hundreds of thousands of years.
2. How human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased CO2 levels rapidly since the industrial era.
3. The likely effects of increased CO2 and temperatures, such as ocean acidification, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather.
4. International agreements to limit greenhouse gas emissions and actions being taken like carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes.
5. The opportunities to transition to renewable energy but also the political threats if countries do not cooperate to meaningfully address climate change.
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Thesis Paper
1) The document discusses the carbon bubble - the risk that fossil fuel assets could lose value if the world moves to limit global warming to below 2°C. There is a risk of major financial losses for companies and investors holding stranded assets that cannot be burned under climate targets.
2) It notes that if we use all known fossil fuel reserves, warming would exceed 2°C, which would have disastrous consequences. But quickly transitioning away from fossil fuels without support for companies could also destabilize markets.
3) Carefully managing the transition through policies that provide a clear framework for phasing out fossil fuels while supporting workers and communities could help avoid an economically disastrous bursting of the carbon bubble.
Tibor Farago, Honorary professor at St. Istvan University/ former Hungarian c...
Tibor Farago, Honorary professor at St. Istvan University/ former Hungarian c...European Journalism Centre
This document discusses several key issues regarding the science-policy interface on climate change:
1) While climate change is unprecedented in scale, there are precedents from other environmental issues that can provide lessons for addressing it.
2) There is already a high level of scientific certainty about many aspects of climate change like human-caused greenhouse gas emissions and warming temperatures to inform policy action.
3) Climate change is a major policy concern because of its impacts across key economic sectors and implications for global development.Climate Change. Policy paths and Carbon Tracker action. April 2014
Overview on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Main policy dynamics from macro to domestic level. Focus on Carbon Tracker action and message.
Introduction to Climate Science
The document summarizes key findings from the IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report. It finds that human activity, including emissions from energy production, agriculture and other sources, is extremely likely the dominant cause of global warming since the mid-20th century. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will lead to further warming and changes in the climate system such as sea level rise and loss of Arctic sea ice. Limiting global temperature increase to 2°C will require substantial reductions in emissions by 2050 through policy measures and technological changes. Delaying mitigation actions will make limiting warming to 2°C significantly more difficult.
The EU 2 degree target - Dr Frank McGovern, EPA - EPA Climate Change Conferen...
The EU 2 degree target - Dr Frank McGovern, EPA - EPA Climate Change Conferen...Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland
The document summarizes the history and science behind the 2 degree climate change target. It discusses how the target originated from the UNFCCC in 1992 and was later adopted by the EU in 1997. Current climate science as assessed by the IPCC indicates the world is already at 0.74C of warming and that limiting warming to 2C would require keeping CO2 levels below 450ppm. While the target is easy to communicate, it may not fully account for issues like sea level rise and regional impacts. Achieving the target will require coordinated global policy and emissions reductions across all sectors.COP21 and The Decarbonisation of Societies: Can it be Pulled Off in this Cent...
COP21 and The Decarbonisation of Societies: Can it be Pulled Off in this Cent...Business, Management and Economics Research
Ecology versus economic growth? There is not general solution to this dilemma or trade-off (de
Bruyn, 2012; Eriksson, 2013; Managi, 2015). Following the COP21 Agreement objectives and their decentralised
implementation over this century, the countries of the world, guided by international governance, must learn how
to invest in projects that both foster growth and innovation as well as environmental sustainability and
decarbonisation. It will be far more difficult, not to say much uncertain, whether the COP21 approach can work.Similar to 11. Climate Change: What does it mean and what must be done? (20)
COP21 POLICIES AND ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE: Political Economy of Hawking’s Irre...
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Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate Risk
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Highlight of the IPCC Work and Process and Findings from the IPCC Special Rep...
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The EU 2 degree target - Dr Frank McGovern, EPA - EPA Climate Change Conferen...
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COP21 and The Decarbonisation of Societies: Can it be Pulled Off in this Cent...
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19. Climate Change: Climate change and capitalism
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18. Climate Change: We are Fine
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11. Climate Change: What does it mean and what must be done?
- 1. 11. What Does it Mean and What Must be Done? Adam Briggle (he/him/his) UNT Philosophy 4250 Climate Change adam.briggle@unt.edu
- 2. Outline • Objectives: To wrap up module 2 with a big picture take-away from climate science. To understand the IPCC 1.5 oC report and set it in context. • A problem orientation • On “dangerous interference” = temperature targets and carbon budgets • We are way off target… • So, what should we do?
- 3. A problem formulation from the UNFCCC Goal: The “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference* with the climate system.” Trends: The Keeling curve and CO2 emissions Conditioning factors: i. Direct = fossil fuel consumption and industrial agriculture/deforestation ii.Indirect = a production/consumption/growth way of being in the world Projections: Current policies are likely insufficient and we may have already lost our chance to achieve the 1.5 oC target Alternatives: *Lots of debate. Basically, we need to decarbonize energy and agriculture systems rapidly. But can a massive “energy transition” happen fast?
- 4. What qualifies as “dangerous anthropogenic interference”? a. The IPCC puts this in terms of temperature increases above pre-industrial levels. b. The risks increase as temperatures rise (and half of a degree can be a big difference, thus the shift after Paris). c. Temperature targets come with corresponding carbon budgets, with net zero carbon dioxide emissions dates (like 2050 in the IPCC report). d. So, we can understand the goal in terms of keeping fossil fuels in the ground (putting a lid on the bucket) or in terms of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) or “negative emissions” (a hole in the bottom of the bucket). Or, we can use sulfate aerosols to reflect solar radiation to buy us time for the energy transition!
- 5. So, how should we proceed? • We are not on the right trajectory…how can we turn it around? • Time to look at climate science in the context of politics
- 6. “Remember that thing Jyn Erso said about hope!” -- Ackbar, rebel leader and disco king