The document summarizes the history of computers from the first generation to the current fifth generation. It describes how the earliest computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards, took up entire rooms, and were used primarily for government census work. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third and fourth generations saw the rise of integrated circuits and microprocessors, leading to personal computers. The fifth generation utilizes artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
Evolution of Computers-Jico M.Tubalado BNHSjicolado123
The document provides a history of computers from the 1800s to present day. It describes how the earliest computers in the late 1800s used punch cards to help tabulate the U.S. Census more quickly. The first generation of computers from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes and took up entire rooms. The second generation from 1956-1963 started using transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. Later generations integrated circuits, microchips, and software advances, leading to the development of personal computers and advances in processing power.
The document discusses two major digital discoveries: the microchip and the internet. It describes how Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit or microchip in 1958 at Texas Instruments, comprising a transistor and components on a slice of germanium. The microchip revolutionized electronics and is now at the heart of many devices like computers, phones, and microwaves. It also outlines how the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was established in 1958 to give the US a technological edge, and one goal was computer science. Engineers eventually connected ARPA's network to the packet radio network in 1976, allowing computers to connect through radio waves instead of phone lines, helping launch the internet.
This document provides a brief overview of some key events and innovations in computer history from 1937 to 2015. It describes the creation of some of the earliest computers like the Model K adder and Z2, the founding of Hewlett-Packard, the development of the first remote computing system at Bell Labs, and the completion of Zuse's Z3 computer. It then highlights several other milestones like the first general purpose commercial computer (Ferranti Mark I), early transistor computers, and the introduction of some pioneering personal computers and mobile devices. The document aims to give readers a high-level sense of important developments over the course of computer history.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers:
1) First generation used vacuum tubes and were room-sized, expensive to operate, and prone to failure.
2) Second generation used transistors which made computers smaller, faster, cheaper and more reliable.
3) Third generation used integrated circuits which further increased speed and efficiency by placing transistors on silicon chips. This made computers accessible to the mass market.
The document discusses the top five scientific advances of the 20th century as presented in a time capsule. #1 is the atomic bomb, developed during World War 2 to end the war. #2 is the discovery of DNA structure in 1953, which revealed how genetics works. #3 is radio, which allowed widespread communication and entertainment. #4 is airplanes, which revolutionized transportation. #5 is computers, which gradually became faster and more capable throughout the century. The order was chosen based on the impacts of the advances.
This document provides a brief overview of some key events and innovations in computer history from 1937 to 2015. It describes the creation of some of the earliest computers like the Model K adder and Z2, the founding of Hewlett-Packard, and the completion of the Complex Number Calculator which enabled remote access computing. Later developments discussed include the Ferranti Mark I as the first commercially available general-purpose computer, the introduction of early transistor computers like the NEAC 2203, and the release of early home computers like the VIC-20 and personal devices like the Apple Watch.
The document provides a timeline of important events and innovations in the history of computing from 1890 to 2019. It covers the development of early calculating machines, the invention of the computer and programming languages, advancements like the transistor and integrated circuit, the creation of the Internet and networks like ARPANET and Ethernet, the founding of influential companies like Microsoft, Apple, Google and others, and the release of pioneering technologies and devices such as the mouse, floppy disk, USB, smartphones, and quantum computing.
The document summarizes the history of computers from the first generation to the current fifth generation. It describes how the earliest computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards, took up entire rooms, and were used primarily for government census work. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. The third and fourth generations saw the rise of integrated circuits and microprocessors, leading to personal computers. The fifth generation utilizes artificial intelligence and parallel processing.
Evolution of Computers-Jico M.Tubalado BNHSjicolado123
The document provides a history of computers from the 1800s to present day. It describes how the earliest computers in the late 1800s used punch cards to help tabulate the U.S. Census more quickly. The first generation of computers from 1940-1956 used vacuum tubes and took up entire rooms. The second generation from 1956-1963 started using transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. Later generations integrated circuits, microchips, and software advances, leading to the development of personal computers and advances in processing power.
The document discusses two major digital discoveries: the microchip and the internet. It describes how Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit or microchip in 1958 at Texas Instruments, comprising a transistor and components on a slice of germanium. The microchip revolutionized electronics and is now at the heart of many devices like computers, phones, and microwaves. It also outlines how the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was established in 1958 to give the US a technological edge, and one goal was computer science. Engineers eventually connected ARPA's network to the packet radio network in 1976, allowing computers to connect through radio waves instead of phone lines, helping launch the internet.
This document provides a brief overview of some key events and innovations in computer history from 1937 to 2015. It describes the creation of some of the earliest computers like the Model K adder and Z2, the founding of Hewlett-Packard, the development of the first remote computing system at Bell Labs, and the completion of Zuse's Z3 computer. It then highlights several other milestones like the first general purpose commercial computer (Ferranti Mark I), early transistor computers, and the introduction of some pioneering personal computers and mobile devices. The document aims to give readers a high-level sense of important developments over the course of computer history.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers:
1) First generation used vacuum tubes and were room-sized, expensive to operate, and prone to failure.
2) Second generation used transistors which made computers smaller, faster, cheaper and more reliable.
3) Third generation used integrated circuits which further increased speed and efficiency by placing transistors on silicon chips. This made computers accessible to the mass market.
The document discusses the top five scientific advances of the 20th century as presented in a time capsule. #1 is the atomic bomb, developed during World War 2 to end the war. #2 is the discovery of DNA structure in 1953, which revealed how genetics works. #3 is radio, which allowed widespread communication and entertainment. #4 is airplanes, which revolutionized transportation. #5 is computers, which gradually became faster and more capable throughout the century. The order was chosen based on the impacts of the advances.
This document provides a brief overview of some key events and innovations in computer history from 1937 to 2015. It describes the creation of some of the earliest computers like the Model K adder and Z2, the founding of Hewlett-Packard, and the completion of the Complex Number Calculator which enabled remote access computing. Later developments discussed include the Ferranti Mark I as the first commercially available general-purpose computer, the introduction of early transistor computers like the NEAC 2203, and the release of early home computers like the VIC-20 and personal devices like the Apple Watch.
The document provides a timeline of important events and innovations in the history of computing from 1890 to 2019. It covers the development of early calculating machines, the invention of the computer and programming languages, advancements like the transistor and integrated circuit, the creation of the Internet and networks like ARPANET and Ethernet, the founding of influential companies like Microsoft, Apple, Google and others, and the release of pioneering technologies and devices such as the mouse, floppy disk, USB, smartphones, and quantum computing.
1) In 1972, a major conference on computer communication was held in Washington D.C. where researchers demonstrated early applications of packet switching and email over the ARPANET network.
2) This conference helped popularize the ideas of networked computers and sparked new interest in further developing what would become the Internet.
3) Key figures in attendance included Vint Cerf, a founder of the Internet, and researchers who developed early technologies like Ethernet and the TCP/IP protocols.
The document provides a brief history of the internet from its origins in the 1960s to the early 1990s. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s to create a communication network resilient to destruction. The first use of the internet was in 1973 and it was designed to allow computers to share information. The first friendly interface, called Gopher, was developed at the University of Minnesota in 1991 to provide a simple menu system for accessing files across campus networks. The internet grew to allow many uses like email, games, movies and more by taking advantage of its ability to share information across computers.
The document is a presentation by Prof. Otto C C Lin that discusses concepts like hard power, soft power, and their application to individuals and technology entrepreneurship. It provides examples from history and Chinese philosophy to illustrate key points. The presentation emphasizes developing both hard power attributes like knowledge and excellence as well as soft power attributes like integrity, leadership, and focusing on benefiting society and mankind.
Advances in chip density led to programmable calculators like the HP-65, creating the first consumer market for logic chips. This unleashed creative forces among users and led to the rise of "hacker culture" and user groups, showing computing was becoming mainstream. Gordon Moore noted transistors on chips doubled every year, enabling the 1971 microprocessor. Hobbyists played a key role developing systems using microprocessors, inspiring innovations like floppy disks and BASIC to fit in small memory. This era brought software to the forefront over hardware as the driving force of computing.
This document contains trivia questions about various topics ranging from animals, companies, technology terms, and more. It provides the question and the answer for each item.
The document provides an overview of the history of computing from the 1940s to the 1970s. It discusses key events and technologies such as the development of ENIAC, stored program computers, the birth of software and programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. It also covers the rise of IBM mainframes, the development of minicomputers by companies like DEC, and the impact of integrated circuits on computing technology.
The document summarizes the history of computers over 5 generations from the 17th century to present day. It describes the progression from early mechanical calculators and computers using punched cards, to modern computers that are now tiny microchips containing millions of transistors. Key developments included Charles Babbage's analytical engine, the first stored program computer, the invention of the vacuum tube and transistor, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and the creation of personal computers by companies like IBM and Apple. Current and future computers are exploring artificial intelligence and fifth generation technologies.
Important events in computer history (part 2)Bilal Ahmed
Introduction to computer
Important events in computer history
Introduction to computer SLIDE # 02 of BILAL TEACH
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LECTURE # 3 = https://youtu.be/fyjtzHSHVCs?list=PL5d_j41S1-UvoJF5PWVxqv73x77G1aEbP
This document contains a test with multiple choice and true/false questions about the history of computers and technology. It covers topics like early computer pioneers like Charles Babbage, the invention of components like keyboards and mice, the development of the internet, and the creation of early programming languages and networks. The test examines knowledge of computer hardware, software, networking protocols, and the people involved in important milestones in the development of digital technology.
The document provides a timeline of major events and innovations in computing history from 1937 to 2012, including the development of early calculators and computers, major advances like the introduction of the microprocessor and personal computers, and ongoing work on supercomputers. Key milestones include George Stibitz's demonstration adder in 1937, the completion of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer in 1942, the introduction of the IBM 650 in 1953, the release of the Apple iPhone in 2007, and the launch of the Raspberry Pi project in 2012.
- In the 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider wrote about his concept of an Intergalactic Network that would connect everyone globally, and the ARPANET was developed beginning in 1967 to link computers between research institutions.
- By the 1970s, the ARPANET had grown to connect over 30 institutions across industry, government, and academia.
- In the 1980s, the ARPANET transitioned to TCP/IP and was split between the public ARPANET and classified MILNET, personal computers like the Apple II expanded the consumer market, and networks like CSNET and BITNET connected additional institutions.
The document traces the history and development of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern machines. It discusses early pioneers like Charles Babbage and his analytical engine. Major milestones covered include the creation of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer; the invention of the transistor; the launch of the Altair kit computer; the release of the IBM PC; and the debut of the original Apple Macintosh. The text also outlines the five generations of computers and technologies like integrated circuits that made machines smaller, faster and more powerful over time.
This document summarizes the history and development of digital technology and computers. It discusses the evolution from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. It describes the four generations of computers and highlights some important early computers like ENIAC, UNIVAC, and IBM models. The document also summarizes the development of software including programming languages, operating systems, and application software. It provides context for how computers and technology have transformed society.
The document outlines the five generations of computers from the 17th century to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for memory. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. Integrated circuits were developed in the third generation, miniaturizing transistors onto silicon chips. Microprocessors brought the fourth generation by integrating thousands of circuits onto a single chip. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence applications like voice recognition.
This document provides an introduction to emerging technologies. It discusses what emerging technologies are, provides examples like robotics and artificial intelligence, and explores the history and key milestones of technologies including chalkboards, film projectors, computers, and the internet. The document also examines how information storage and access has evolved from physical books to digital formats that can store thousands of books in small spaces and be instantly searchable.
The first computers were human beings who performed complex calculations manually. The abacus was one of the earliest aids for mathematical computations. In the 1600s, inventors like Blaise Pascal and Charles Babbage began developing early mechanical calculators to reduce human error and speed up calculations. During World War 2, the U.S. military funded research into programmable electromechanical computers like the Harvard Mark I to compute ballistics firing tables faster than human computers could. The microelectronics revolution later allowed integrated circuits to replace wired components and enabled the mass production of computers.
This document provides an introduction to computers presented by Engr. Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal. It covers the history of computers from early mechanical devices like the abacus and slide rule to the first general purpose computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC. It then discusses the five generations of computers and how each generation became smaller, faster, and more efficient through innovations like the transistor, integrated circuit, and microprocessor. The document also outlines computer hardware components, input/output devices, and different types of computer memory. It concludes by discussing applications of computers in fields like medicine, physiotherapy and the ongoing competition between computers and humans.
A comprehensive look at the history and development of the computer. Links to YouTube videos that can enhance student learning or expand the depth and time spent on the topic are included.
The document discusses the history of innovation in accessibility technologies from the 19th century to today. It describes many important early innovations including the Braille writing system, the telephone, radio, and assistive devices that led to technologies like headphones, speech recognition software, and screen readers. The document argues that accommodating disabilities has often spurred innovations that became mainstream technologies widely used by all.
1) In 1972, a major conference on computer communication was held in Washington D.C. where researchers demonstrated early applications of packet switching and email over the ARPANET network.
2) This conference helped popularize the ideas of networked computers and sparked new interest in further developing what would become the Internet.
3) Key figures in attendance included Vint Cerf, a founder of the Internet, and researchers who developed early technologies like Ethernet and the TCP/IP protocols.
The document provides a brief history of the internet from its origins in the 1960s to the early 1990s. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s to create a communication network resilient to destruction. The first use of the internet was in 1973 and it was designed to allow computers to share information. The first friendly interface, called Gopher, was developed at the University of Minnesota in 1991 to provide a simple menu system for accessing files across campus networks. The internet grew to allow many uses like email, games, movies and more by taking advantage of its ability to share information across computers.
The document is a presentation by Prof. Otto C C Lin that discusses concepts like hard power, soft power, and their application to individuals and technology entrepreneurship. It provides examples from history and Chinese philosophy to illustrate key points. The presentation emphasizes developing both hard power attributes like knowledge and excellence as well as soft power attributes like integrity, leadership, and focusing on benefiting society and mankind.
Advances in chip density led to programmable calculators like the HP-65, creating the first consumer market for logic chips. This unleashed creative forces among users and led to the rise of "hacker culture" and user groups, showing computing was becoming mainstream. Gordon Moore noted transistors on chips doubled every year, enabling the 1971 microprocessor. Hobbyists played a key role developing systems using microprocessors, inspiring innovations like floppy disks and BASIC to fit in small memory. This era brought software to the forefront over hardware as the driving force of computing.
This document contains trivia questions about various topics ranging from animals, companies, technology terms, and more. It provides the question and the answer for each item.
The document provides an overview of the history of computing from the 1940s to the 1970s. It discusses key events and technologies such as the development of ENIAC, stored program computers, the birth of software and programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. It also covers the rise of IBM mainframes, the development of minicomputers by companies like DEC, and the impact of integrated circuits on computing technology.
The document summarizes the history of computers over 5 generations from the 17th century to present day. It describes the progression from early mechanical calculators and computers using punched cards, to modern computers that are now tiny microchips containing millions of transistors. Key developments included Charles Babbage's analytical engine, the first stored program computer, the invention of the vacuum tube and transistor, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and the creation of personal computers by companies like IBM and Apple. Current and future computers are exploring artificial intelligence and fifth generation technologies.
Important events in computer history (part 2)Bilal Ahmed
Introduction to computer
Important events in computer history
Introduction to computer SLIDE # 02 of BILAL TEACH
If you want FREE Educational Videos Subscribe Our Channel. Here we will post FREE Educational, knowledge based video for everyone.
Stay tuned for FREE Educational Videos
LECTURE # 3 = https://youtu.be/fyjtzHSHVCs?list=PL5d_j41S1-UvoJF5PWVxqv73x77G1aEbP
This document contains a test with multiple choice and true/false questions about the history of computers and technology. It covers topics like early computer pioneers like Charles Babbage, the invention of components like keyboards and mice, the development of the internet, and the creation of early programming languages and networks. The test examines knowledge of computer hardware, software, networking protocols, and the people involved in important milestones in the development of digital technology.
The document provides a timeline of major events and innovations in computing history from 1937 to 2012, including the development of early calculators and computers, major advances like the introduction of the microprocessor and personal computers, and ongoing work on supercomputers. Key milestones include George Stibitz's demonstration adder in 1937, the completion of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer in 1942, the introduction of the IBM 650 in 1953, the release of the Apple iPhone in 2007, and the launch of the Raspberry Pi project in 2012.
- In the 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider wrote about his concept of an Intergalactic Network that would connect everyone globally, and the ARPANET was developed beginning in 1967 to link computers between research institutions.
- By the 1970s, the ARPANET had grown to connect over 30 institutions across industry, government, and academia.
- In the 1980s, the ARPANET transitioned to TCP/IP and was split between the public ARPANET and classified MILNET, personal computers like the Apple II expanded the consumer market, and networks like CSNET and BITNET connected additional institutions.
The document traces the history and development of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern machines. It discusses early pioneers like Charles Babbage and his analytical engine. Major milestones covered include the creation of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer; the invention of the transistor; the launch of the Altair kit computer; the release of the IBM PC; and the debut of the original Apple Macintosh. The text also outlines the five generations of computers and technologies like integrated circuits that made machines smaller, faster and more powerful over time.
This document summarizes the history and development of digital technology and computers. It discusses the evolution from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits. It describes the four generations of computers and highlights some important early computers like ENIAC, UNIVAC, and IBM models. The document also summarizes the development of software including programming languages, operating systems, and application software. It provides context for how computers and technology have transformed society.
The document outlines the five generations of computers from the 17th century to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for memory. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. Integrated circuits were developed in the third generation, miniaturizing transistors onto silicon chips. Microprocessors brought the fourth generation by integrating thousands of circuits onto a single chip. The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence applications like voice recognition.
This document provides an introduction to emerging technologies. It discusses what emerging technologies are, provides examples like robotics and artificial intelligence, and explores the history and key milestones of technologies including chalkboards, film projectors, computers, and the internet. The document also examines how information storage and access has evolved from physical books to digital formats that can store thousands of books in small spaces and be instantly searchable.
The first computers were human beings who performed complex calculations manually. The abacus was one of the earliest aids for mathematical computations. In the 1600s, inventors like Blaise Pascal and Charles Babbage began developing early mechanical calculators to reduce human error and speed up calculations. During World War 2, the U.S. military funded research into programmable electromechanical computers like the Harvard Mark I to compute ballistics firing tables faster than human computers could. The microelectronics revolution later allowed integrated circuits to replace wired components and enabled the mass production of computers.
This document provides an introduction to computers presented by Engr. Taimoor Muzaffar Gondal. It covers the history of computers from early mechanical devices like the abacus and slide rule to the first general purpose computers like ENIAC and UNIVAC. It then discusses the five generations of computers and how each generation became smaller, faster, and more efficient through innovations like the transistor, integrated circuit, and microprocessor. The document also outlines computer hardware components, input/output devices, and different types of computer memory. It concludes by discussing applications of computers in fields like medicine, physiotherapy and the ongoing competition between computers and humans.
A comprehensive look at the history and development of the computer. Links to YouTube videos that can enhance student learning or expand the depth and time spent on the topic are included.
The document discusses the history of innovation in accessibility technologies from the 19th century to today. It describes many important early innovations including the Braille writing system, the telephone, radio, and assistive devices that led to technologies like headphones, speech recognition software, and screen readers. The document argues that accommodating disabilities has often spurred innovations that became mainstream technologies widely used by all.
The invention of modern technology has greatly impacted communication by making it faster, more accessible, and easier between people through the internet, mobile devices, and smartphones. Distance is no longer a barrier to communication as people can now connect across oceans through phone calls, video chats, texts, and online messages. As technology has advanced, it has allowed for improved forms of communication like video calling on smartphones. The development of new software has further increased communication abilities.
The first CPU chip, the Intel 4004, was released in 1971. It had a clock speed of 740KHz and was capable of executing up to 92,600 instructions per second. The first computer mouse was invented in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart. The first hard disk drive was the IBM Model 350, which was part of the IBM 305 RAMAC computer delivered in 1956 and had a storage capacity of 4.4 MB. The first laser printer was invented by Gary Starkweather at Xerox in 1969.
The history of computer development occurred in generations, with each generation experiencing major technological advancements. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, filling entire rooms. The second generation introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and programming languages. They were smaller using transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits and silicon chips, making computers smaller, faster, and more efficient while allowing interaction through keyboards and monitors.
The document traces the evolution of computers through 5 generations from the 1940s to present day:
1) First generation computers (1940s-1950s) were room-sized machines that used vacuum tubes and were very expensive to operate.
2) Second generation computers (1950s-1960s) were smaller and used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Magnetic core memory replaced drums.
3) Third generation computers (1960s) were smaller still with integrated circuits and stored-program architecture. Popular personal computers emerged like the Apple II.
4) Fourth generation computers (1970s-1980s) used microprocessors and had GUI interfaces. The personal computer revolution took off with machines like the IBM PC and Apple
Different Types and Forms of InnovationMotaz Agamawi
The document discusses four different types of innovation:
1) Radical component: The USB flash drive, invented in 2000 by Trek Technology and IBM, which had a major impact by making file sharing easier.
2) Radical system: Xerography (photocopying), invented in 1938 by Chester Carlson. Commercialization in the 1960s by Xerox had a huge societal and economic impact by creating an entirely new market.
3) Incremental: Voice over IP (VoIP), developed gradually since the 1970s, with major commercialization in the 2000s. It provides more flexible and lower-cost telephone service.
4) Next generation: Wireless electricity transfer, theor
This document provides a timeline of important events and inventions related to computing and technology from around 600 BC up to 2000 AD. Some of the key events included the development of the abacus in China, Benjamin Franklin capturing lightning, Alessandro Volta inventing the battery, the development of the photocopying machine and FM radio, the creation of early electronic computers in the 1940s, Alan Turing's work on artificial intelligence in the 1950s, the creation of structured programming languages like ALGOL in the 1960s, the founding of AAAI and development of remote login technologies in the 1980s, and the first global New Year's Eve TV broadcast in 1999/2000.
The internet began in the 1950s as a US government network called ARPANET to enable communication in case of nuclear war. In the 1960s, scientists developed packet switching and email, allowing computers to communicate. In the 1970s, protocols like TCP/IP were developed to connect different networks, and the term "internet" was coined. The 1980s saw widespread adoption among researchers, and domains and browsers launched in the 1990s, making the internet publicly accessible. The web, e-commerce, social media, and mobile use transformed the internet in the 2000s into a global communication platform.
This document provides a brief history of computers from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses early counting devices like the abacus and programmable clocks from the 13th century. Mechanical calculators and looms controlled by punch cards were invented in the 1600s-1800s. Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine helped speed up the 1880 US Census. Vacuum tubes and transistors allowed computers to become smaller and more powerful in the mid-20th century. Personal computers in the 1970s brought computers into homes and launched companies like Microsoft and Apple.
Chapter 10 of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet. It began as a US military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and expanded to connect universities. The first email program and domain name system were introduced in the 1970s. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1991 using HTTP and browsers. The number of Internet users exploded from the mid-1990s onward, reaching billions by the 2010s. Web 2.0 democratized the Internet through user-generated content and social media. The document outlines future challenges like cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things.
Design and development of a web-based data visualization software for politic...Alexandros Britzolakis
Presenting a tool for identifying political popularity over Twitter. AthPPA (which stands for Athena Political Popularity Analysis) is a tool for identifying how popular a political leader is over Twitter. For the purposes of this dissertation the Twitter accounts of the most prominent Greek political leaders have been identified. Structured data such as likes, re-tweets, text-length per tweet as well as the number of subscribers per account have been visualized. Furthermore, sentiment analysis is calculated and visualized using spaCy module and a sentiment lexicon which contains a set of emotion based labeled words.
10 innovations you thought were new (by @creaxnv)CREAX
New innovations are not always as groundbreaking as you might think. Very often innovation is simply the result of continuous evolution and not that radical at all. We listed 10 innovations and show that some of them date back to more than 100 years ago.
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The document provides a detailed overview of the history of computers from their earliest origins in the 1930s to their emergence as household devices in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some of the key events and developments discussed include the creation of the first programmable computer by Konrad Zuse in 1936, the introduction of the transistor in the late 1940s, the development of integrated circuits and microprocessors in the 1950s and 1960s, and the launch of early personal computers from companies like Apple and Microsoft in the 1970s-1980s that helped drive adoption of computers in homes.
The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present day:
1) First generation used vacuum tubes and were room-sized machines. Programming was done through machine language and punch cards. Examples include UNIVAC and ENIAC.
2) Second generation saw the introduction of transistors, making computers smaller and more efficient. Assembly languages were also developed.
3) Third generation used integrated circuits, allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously through operating systems. Computers became accessible to the mass market.
4) Fourth generation used microprocessors, putting entire computers on a single chip. Personal computers and networks became widespread.
5) Fifth generation, still in development, focuses on artificial
This document provides information on several notable developments in science and technology during the 20th century, including:
1. The airplane was invented by the Wright brothers in 1903, paving the way for commercial passenger airlines.
2. Computers evolved from early concepts in the 1930s to the first programmable electronic computer in the 1940s and the first mainstream personal computer in the 1970s.
3. Fiber optic technology was developed in the 1970s, enabling high-speed internet connections around the world.
IntroductionAs students and apprentices, each of the five future p.docxmariuse18nolet
Introduction
As students and apprentices, each of the five future partners in Teklogix had given some thought to starting their own technology company. And why not? While most people remember the 1960’s as an era of free thinking in the social and political domains, it was also a time of tremendous change and opportunity in the digital world. The 1960’s brought the introduction of the mini-computer, the concept of worldwide digital communications, and a reduction in cost /performance ratios within the industry that continue to this day. While the founders’ initial objectives differed considerably from their company’s ultimate place in the digital world, they did hold true to the name Teklogix; a fusion of two Greek roots, loosely referring to the art of building logic.
The vision of wireless communications in the industrial and commercial world came to these men through observing the needs of mechanized material handling equipment operators and associated mobile workers. While much had been done in the world of real time data capture in the 1970’s, nothing was available for the mobile worker; specifically those employed in the physical movement of goods within warehouses and shipping terminals. And while terminal equipment had been developed for batch applications, real time data capture and response were left to batch data entry and the latent printing of instructional information. Teklogix saw a need to capture such data in real time and provide instantaneous instructional information to increase productivity. And the rest, they might say, is history.
No story about Teklogix would be complete without reference to the Ferranti Company, headquartered in England. Teklogix’ five partners had met while working at FerrantiInternational's Canadian division, Ferranti-Packard Electronics (FP). In the 1950’s Ferranti-Packard had, amongst other things:
· Bounced digital data off of meteorites as a prelude to current satellite communications techniques.
· Developed and produced a bar code based order entry system for Spiegel Inc. of Chicago.
· Developed and produced one of the first automated cheque readers.
· Developed and produced the first Air Canada reservation system called RESERVEC I.
· Developed and manufactured what is believed to be the first fully solid state commercial computer system in the world: the FP 6000. This was to be sold in 1963 to ICL of England and became the ICL 1900 and its ancestral linage now resides in the Fujitsu organization.
And Ferranti-Packard had become one of the two major suppliers of drum memory systems of the time.Setting the Stage for the Technological Revolution
After WWII, the Canadian Government had made it a policy to fund the development of technology oriented organizations in order to deploy the large numbers of ex-servicemen and the related military workforce into commercial enterprises. It was a traditional guns-to-butter economic policy shift with an attempt to rationalize the 20th century meaning of “but.
The document summarizes key events and technological advancements in the history of computing from 1950 to 1975. It describes the first commercially produced computer, the ERA 1101, in 1950. It discusses the introduction of the IBM 701 computer in 1953 and the TX-0 built at MIT in 1956. The SAGE air defense system linked radar stations across North America in 1958. IBM dominated the computer market in 1961. In 1964, IBM introduced the System/360, a family of compatible computers. The ILLIAC IV parallel processing computer was built for the Department of Defense in 1967. The first personal computer, the Kenbak-1, was advertised in 1971. The TV Typewriter provided alphanumeric display on televisions in 1973.
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10 Technologies That Have Changed The Practice Of Law
1. computerized
legal research
1983
6
TECHNOLOGIES
practice of law
10
T H A T H A V E C H A N G E D T H E
5 word
processing
1980
1
typewriters
1867
The first
standard
typewriter
weighed
15-25 lbs.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xerox_914.jpg
copiers 19602
THE XEROX 914
MODEL WEIGHED
650-POUNDS.
3 facsimilie
machines
1964
Took 6
minutes to
fax one sheet
of paper.
desktop
computers
1977
4
The first
computer
from Tandy
Corp. cost
$600.
source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPerfect#mediaviewer/File:Wordperfect-5.1-dos.png
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandy_Corporation
#mediaviewer/File:Tandy_1400_LT.jpg
internet
mid-1990s
8 It took the radio
38 years, the
television 13
years, and the
World Wide Web 4
years to reach 50
million users.
source: flickr.com @lino1959
source: http://www.investorsinpeople.co.uk/
resources/ideas/engaging-communication
7
laptops
1986
The first IBM
laptop weighed
12 lbs., cost
$1,995, and had
256K Random
Access Memory. source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/9/9a/Ibm-convertible.jpg/280px-Ibm-convertible.jpg
9
mobile revolution
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax#mediaviewer/File:Dacom_DFC-10.jpg
WordPerect was
first released
in 1980.
both lexis and
westlaw
became
accessible via
PCs in 1983.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry#mediaviewer/
File:Collection_of_old_phones_and_PDA-BlackBerry.jpg
1999
Blackberry got
its name from
the keypad
which looked
like the seeds
of a fruit.
All
advertisements
for the
iPhone show a
time of 9:42.
2007
SOURCES:
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/typewriter.aspx
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Xerox_Corp.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax | http://www.statisticbrain.com/internet-statistics/
http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/computer.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPerfect | http://www.esoftload.info/blackberry-unknown-facts-and-fun-information
http://hightechhistory.com/2009/04/02/this-day-april-3-1986-ibm-introduces-the-first-laptop-computer/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet | http://www.omgfacts.com/lists/27/6-Little-Known-Facts-About-IPhones/6
http://www.lawsitesblog.com/2010/02/chronology-of-legal-technology-1842.html
https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/
Amazon EC2, a service
that provides resizable
computing capacity in
the cloud, was released
in beta in 2006.
The first blackberry email pager.
The first smartphone, the iPhone.
Mechanized the
writing process and
greatly increased
transcription speed.
Eliminated carbon
copies, saving time
and reducing
printing costs.
Increased
communication
speed and reduced
mailing costs
substantially.
Revolutionized
information and
knowledge
management
and data storage.
Made typewriters
obsolete and
greatly decreased
the time needed to
create and revise
documents, saving
time and money.
Increased research
speed and
efficiency while
eliminating the
need to maintain
costly law libraries.
Lawyers were no
longer chained to
their desks and
could work
from anywhere.
Revolutionized
communication,
interaction, and the
way that business
was conducted.
Smartphones and tablets made
a truly mobile office possible,
allowing lawyers to access
case-related information from
anywhere at anytime.
Cloud computing greatly increased computing
power and efficiency while reducing computing
costs, making the mobile revolution possible
and leveling the playing field, allowing solo and
small law firms to compete with larger firms in
ways never before seen.
cloud computing
revolution 2006
10