Media Bantu Mengampu Mata Kuliah Perekonomian Internasional

1. EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL I
Pertemuan XII : Instrument kebijakan perdagangan:
Non Tariff Barriers

2. Kebijakan perdagangan NTB’s
Non-Tariff Barriers
(NTB’s)
Kuota Impor:
pembatasan kuantitas
barang yang dimpor.
Hambatan Ekspor:
Pembatasan kuantitas
barang yang akan
diekspor
Hambatan lain:
aturan konten spesifik,
pajak perbatasan,
klasifikasi administrasi

3. Efek Kuota impor
Price, P
Quantity, Q
PW
MD
XS’
t
q
Q0
XS
World Market
Pq
H
Qq
Quota
Pq
W
Sumber: Veitch (2005)

4. Pertumbuhan Permintaan & Kuota
Impor
Price, P
Quantity, Q
PW
MD
XS’
Q0
XS
World Market
Pq1
Qq
1
Quota
Pq
W MD’
E
0
tq
E
1
Qq
2
Pq2
E2
Pq3
E3
Sumber: Veitch (2005)

5. NTB’s on Industrial Country Imports
(as % of imports)
Total NTB’s
Quantitative
Restrictions
Of which
VER’s
1981 1986 1981 1986 1981 1986
Agricultural Raw
Materials 2.8 8.4 1.8 1.8 0.0 0.0
Agricultural Food 40.8 42.6 27.3 27.4 0.8 1.8
Minerals & Metals 12.7 24.7 4.5 16.8 2.1 14.4
Iron & Steel 29.0 64.2 7.8 47.3 6.6 45.2
Chemicals 13.2 12.7 8.1 7.6 0.0 0.0
Other Manufactures 18.6 20.5 11.7 12.2 9.3 9.7
All Products
(except fuel) 19.6 23.1 12.2 14.4 5.6 7.7
Source: Grilli & Sassoon, The New Protectionist Wave, 1990.
Sumber: Veitch (2005)

6. Welfare Effects of U.S. Trade Restrictions
QR = Quantitative
Restriction Welfare Gain
Industry -
Employment
Rest of
Economy -
Employment
($billions) (000 work-yrs) (000 work-yrs)
Textile & Apparel
Remove QR’s 11.92 -157.2 157.2
Capture Rents from
Foreigners 6.05 -3.1 28.4
Automobiles
Remove QR’s 7.50 -1.2 1.3
Capture Rents from
Foreigners
7.15 +1.3 37.2
Steel
Remove QR’s 0.86 -20.7 22.3
Capture Rents from
Foreigners
0.74 -0.1 3.5
Source: De Melo & Tarr, Welfare Costs of Quotas on Textile, Steel, & Apparel
Sumber: Veitch (2005)