The document summarizes that while inventions are often attributed to solitary geniuses, in reality they are incremental works built upon previous inventions by many people over long periods of time. It uses the examples of the plow, wheel, and printing press to show how they were improved over centuries through the work of multiple anonymous and known inventors to become technologies that transformed civilization.
important Inventions that change our way of lifeRahul Verma
The document discusses the history and development of 22 important inventions: electricity, light bulb, computers, internet, email, steam engine, automobile, aircraft, mobile phone, telephone, television, robots, gaming consoles, digital camera, gun, refrigerator, ATM, radio, printing press, bar code, calculator, and microwave oven. For each invention, it provides background on key inventors and early developments that helped advance the technology.
The document describes the P-ISM (Pen Style Personal Networking Gadget Package), which was created in 2003 as a concept for a portable all-in-one computing device consisting of 5 pen-like gadgets. The pens included a CPU pen, communication pen, projector pen, virtual keyboard, and camera pen. Together these pens functioned as a portable computing system, with the projector pen displaying a virtual monitor and keyboard. While an innovative concept, the P-ISM was still in development and details of its commercialization were unclear. The technology demonstrated the possibility of miniaturized, ubiquitous computing but faced challenges such as high costs.
This technology aims to analyze lip movements and convert them into computer-generated audio that can be transmitted over a phone. The idea of silent speech originated in 1968, and in 2010 the "Silent Sound Technology" was demonstrated at a large German trade fair. Developed by scientists in Germany, it uses electromyography sensors on the face to record electric signals from facial muscles and match them to pre-recorded speech patterns, allowing silent communication. This technology could help avoid embarrassing situations when phones ring in quiet places and allow for confidential or covert communication, with potential applications in translation and for people with disabilities or in the military.
This document summarizes a student project on Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. It was submitted by 7 students to the Department of Humanities. Li-Fi uses light from LED bulbs to transmit data wirelessly, providing higher speeds than Wi-Fi. It works by varying the intensity of light from an LED to encode binary data. The project describes the architecture of a Li-Fi system including components like servers, LED bulbs, and photo detectors. It also discusses advantages like better security since light cannot pass through walls.
important Inventions that change our way of lifeRahul Verma
The document discusses the history and development of 22 important inventions: electricity, light bulb, computers, internet, email, steam engine, automobile, aircraft, mobile phone, telephone, television, robots, gaming consoles, digital camera, gun, refrigerator, ATM, radio, printing press, bar code, calculator, and microwave oven. For each invention, it provides background on key inventors and early developments that helped advance the technology.
The document describes the P-ISM (Pen Style Personal Networking Gadget Package), which was created in 2003 as a concept for a portable all-in-one computing device consisting of 5 pen-like gadgets. The pens included a CPU pen, communication pen, projector pen, virtual keyboard, and camera pen. Together these pens functioned as a portable computing system, with the projector pen displaying a virtual monitor and keyboard. While an innovative concept, the P-ISM was still in development and details of its commercialization were unclear. The technology demonstrated the possibility of miniaturized, ubiquitous computing but faced challenges such as high costs.
This technology aims to analyze lip movements and convert them into computer-generated audio that can be transmitted over a phone. The idea of silent speech originated in 1968, and in 2010 the "Silent Sound Technology" was demonstrated at a large German trade fair. Developed by scientists in Germany, it uses electromyography sensors on the face to record electric signals from facial muscles and match them to pre-recorded speech patterns, allowing silent communication. This technology could help avoid embarrassing situations when phones ring in quiet places and allow for confidential or covert communication, with potential applications in translation and for people with disabilities or in the military.
This document summarizes a student project on Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology. It was submitted by 7 students to the Department of Humanities. Li-Fi uses light from LED bulbs to transmit data wirelessly, providing higher speeds than Wi-Fi. It works by varying the intensity of light from an LED to encode binary data. The project describes the architecture of a Li-Fi system including components like servers, LED bulbs, and photo detectors. It also discusses advantages like better security since light cannot pass through walls.
Li-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data using LED light bulbs. By switching LED bulbs on and off faster than the human eye can detect, digital data can be encoded and transmitted through the light. Li-Fi provides several advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including much higher speeds, no interference with other wireless devices, and the ability to be used in places where radio signals are restricted. Researchers have achieved speeds over 500 megabytes per second in labs. Li-Fi has the potential to help solve the worldwide shortage of wireless spectrum and enable new applications for wireless connectivity through light.
The document discusses the heliodisplay, an interactive free space display technology developed by Chad Dyner that projects images into thin air using a digital projector and microscopic particles. It works by drawing air in to create a cloud of particles, then projecting an image onto the particle cloud. The document covers the history of the heliodisplay's development, its working mechanism, features like its resolution and contrast ratio, developments in different models over time, applications in advertising and military training, advantages like life-size images requiring no glasses, and disadvantages like reduced visibility in bright light.
The document discusses silent sound technology, which allows communication without speaking aloud. It originated from the idea of interpreting silent speech electronically. The technology uses electromyography to monitor muscle movements when speaking and converts them to electrical signals representing speech. Image processing also analyzes lip movements. Some applications include helping people who lost their voice and covert military communication. The technology could enable silent phone calls and transmitting PIN numbers securely. Overall, silent sound technology implements "talking without talking" and may have useful applications in the future.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on silent sound technology for voice conversion. It introduces the technology as a way for those who have lost their voice to still communicate by phone by transmitting information without using vocal cords. It discusses two main methods - electromyography and image processing. Electromyography detects electrical signals from muscle movement and converts them to speech, while image processing uses ultrasound to view tongue movement. Some advantages are helping those who lost their voice and enabling silent calls. Disadvantages include unnatural speech and high cost. Future applications could include incorporating the sensors into phones for more natural use.
silent sound technology final report(17321A0432) (1).pdfssuser476810
The document is a seminar report on silent sound technology submitted by Divya Alugubelli. It discusses the need for silent sound technology, which allows communication without noise pollution by detecting lip movements and converting them to sound signals. The report covers two main methods - electromyography and image processing. Electromyography monitors tiny muscle movements during speech and converts them to electrical pulses that can be translated to sound. Image processing techniques detect lip movements through a webcam and analyze the images. The technology has applications in helping those who have lost their voice and allows silent calling without disturbing others.
The document traces the evolution of cell phones from their origins in the 1920s using radios for police communication to the development of the first portable handheld cell phone by Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973. It describes how early cell phones were large and expensive when first available to the public in 1984. The establishment of cellular networks in the late 1960s and 1970s enabled cell phones to work by passing calls between towers. The document then outlines the progression to smaller 2G digital cell phones in the 1990s and today's feature-rich 3G smartphones.
Li-Fi Technology advantages,disadvantages,application,scopeLeo Johnson
Project Done by Nirmal Ram.
This slide gives us a pictorial idea about Li-Fi technology.
have a look.this gives us about advantages and disadvantages,application,scope for Li-Fi in future,working principle of Li-Fi .more projects coming soon.
Li-Fi is nothing but just a new wifi. it is 100 times faster than a wifi and more secure.
The document provides a history of mobile phones from 1938 to 2010, beginning with early portable radios developed for the military weighing over 25 pounds, moving to lighter handheld radios, and the first commercial mobile phone service introduced by Bell in 1946. Key developments included Motorola releasing the first handheld mobile phone in 1973, early smartphones like the IBM Simon in 1993 and Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1997, the first camera phone by Sharp in 2000, and smartphones running Android and iOS revolutionizing the industry.
Smartphones are defined as enhanced mobile phones that perform functions beyond basic telephony. The first smartphone, called the Simon, was developed by IBM in 1993 and combined phone capabilities with additional features like email, calendar, and more. Common smartphone operating systems include Symbian OS, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry OS, iPhone OS, Android, and Linux. Smartphones have various internal components like processors, memory, and batteries that allow them to run these operating systems and additional apps. Popular smartphone brands include iPhone, Android, BlackBerry, Sony Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung. The iPhone was introduced by Apple in 2007 and helped drive widespread smartphone adoption. Android was released in 2008 as an open-source platform. Smartphones have
As Digital Still Cameras (DSC) become smaller, cheaper and higher in resolution, photographs are increasingly prone to blurring from shaky hands. Optical image stabilization (OIS) is an effective solution that addresses the quality of images, and is an idea that has been around for at least 30 years. It has only recently made its way into the low-cost consumer camera market, and will soon be migrating to the higher end camera phones. This paper provides an overview of common design practices and considerations for optical image stabilization and how silicon-based MEMS dual-axis gyroscopes with their size, cost and performance advantages are enabling this vital function for image capturing devices
The telephone has evolved dramatically since Alexander Graham Bell patented the first electric telephone in 1876. Early phones required manual operation by switchboard operators to connect calls. As demand grew, automatic exchanges run by computers replaced human operators by the 1920s. Phones transitioned from wall-mounted landlines to portable cordless phones to today's smartphones that provide extensive computing capabilities beyond just voice calls. The iPhone transformed the industry with its touchscreen interface and integration of apps, internet, email and more.
The document summarizes the evolution of mobile phones from 1973 to 2014. It describes early mobile phone technology in the 1970s and the development of 1G analog networks in the 1980s. 2G digital networks launched in 1991 allowed more users and competition. 3G networks in 2001 provided higher data speeds. 4G networks from 2008 onward supported broadband speeds. Key developments included the first handheld phone in 1973, the introduction of SIM cards in 1991, and the rise of smartphones after 2007 supporting apps and Internet access. Major manufacturers shifted from Nokia to Samsung as Android and iOS gained popularity globally on smartphones. Health effects of radiation remain debated while theft reduction features were added in 2013.
The document discusses using technology in early childhood education. It outlines 5 effective ways for young children to use technology, including making and displaying graphs, exploring with digital tools, telling stories, writing and recording, and sharing and documenting learning. It also discusses how technology can support children's social/language development, physical well-being, cognition, and approach to learning. Specific examples mentioned include using Google Earth for a virtual tour to teach about different cultures, and using digital cameras to find shapes in the environment.
The document presents information about IP Telephony. It discusses that IP Telephony uses the Internet protocol to send audio, video and data in real-time between users. The H.323 standard is introduced for transmitting real-time communications over packet networks based on IP telephony. H.323 includes terminals, gateways, gatekeepers and multipoint control units. The document then explains the H.323 call establishment process and components involved.
This document discusses IBOC (In-Band On-Channel) technology, which allows digital audio broadcasting without requiring new spectrum allocations. IBOC inserts a digital sideband signal within the existing AM and FM bands. There are three modes of IBOC operation: hybrid mode, extended hybrid mode, and all-digital mode. IBOC implementation can use either low-level or high-level combining of FM and IBOC signals. Benefits of digital radio include high quality audio and added services, but adoption has been delayed by issues like interference and costs.
Carbon exists in many allotropes that can be used for electronics, such as diamond, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and lonsdaleite. Diamond chips are electronic chips manufactured using a diamond wafer that is doped to make it conductive. Carbon nanotubes have many desirable properties including strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, and can operate at higher temperatures than silicon chips. Potential applications of diamond chips and carbon nanotubes include information and communications technology, materials, biomedical devices, energy, transportation, and consumer goods. However, diamond chips are currently more expensive to produce than silicon chips due to the difficulty of doping the diamond structure.
Mobile technology in the sport industry refers to the use of mobile devices like phones and iPads to access sport media information. It has evolved from 1998 analog cell phone data to today's 4G networks. Mobile web, email, iPhone apps, Verizon V Cast, and text messaging allow fans to obtain scores, news, stats, videos and interact with their favorite sports in a portable, convenient format while professionals use the flexible communication tools to work outside the office and alert fans. The history and uses of each mobile technology are outlined for how they provide important information and entertainment to users in the sport field.
The document traces the history and development of computing devices from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses early mechanical calculators invented by Pascal and Leibniz in the 1600s. Important milestones included Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s, the use of punch cards by Herman Hollerith in 1890, and the first programmable electronic computer, ENIAC, created at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. The document then outlines the four generations of computers defined by technological advancements like transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and graphical user interfaces.
This document provides a summary of 10 of the greatest technological inventions including cellular phones, microwave ovens, GPS, personal computers, digital music, computer mice, the internet, remote controls, digital cameras, and video conferencing. It describes the development and impact of each invention, from cellular phones enabling untethered communication to video conferencing allowing face-to-face communication without physical proximity. These inventions have significantly changed the way people live and work by improving communication, access to information, transportation, food preparation, and more.
Renaissance Inventions
The Inenvention of the Wheel Essay
Essay on Innovation And Invention
Inventions Controversy
Ancient Greek Inventions Essay
Roman Inventions
Ancient Chinese Inventions. Essay
Accidental Inventions
The Invention Essay
Greatest Invention Essays
Egyptian Inventions : Ancient Egypt
The Decade of New Ideas and Inventions Essay
Opinion Essay on Inventions
Inventions Of Leonardo Da Vinci
Inventions of Nikola Tesla Essay
Inventions Of The 1700s Essay
The Invention of Modern Technology
Essay On Inventions
Li-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data using LED light bulbs. By switching LED bulbs on and off faster than the human eye can detect, digital data can be encoded and transmitted through the light. Li-Fi provides several advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including much higher speeds, no interference with other wireless devices, and the ability to be used in places where radio signals are restricted. Researchers have achieved speeds over 500 megabytes per second in labs. Li-Fi has the potential to help solve the worldwide shortage of wireless spectrum and enable new applications for wireless connectivity through light.
The document discusses the heliodisplay, an interactive free space display technology developed by Chad Dyner that projects images into thin air using a digital projector and microscopic particles. It works by drawing air in to create a cloud of particles, then projecting an image onto the particle cloud. The document covers the history of the heliodisplay's development, its working mechanism, features like its resolution and contrast ratio, developments in different models over time, applications in advertising and military training, advantages like life-size images requiring no glasses, and disadvantages like reduced visibility in bright light.
The document discusses silent sound technology, which allows communication without speaking aloud. It originated from the idea of interpreting silent speech electronically. The technology uses electromyography to monitor muscle movements when speaking and converts them to electrical signals representing speech. Image processing also analyzes lip movements. Some applications include helping people who lost their voice and covert military communication. The technology could enable silent phone calls and transmitting PIN numbers securely. Overall, silent sound technology implements "talking without talking" and may have useful applications in the future.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on silent sound technology for voice conversion. It introduces the technology as a way for those who have lost their voice to still communicate by phone by transmitting information without using vocal cords. It discusses two main methods - electromyography and image processing. Electromyography detects electrical signals from muscle movement and converts them to speech, while image processing uses ultrasound to view tongue movement. Some advantages are helping those who lost their voice and enabling silent calls. Disadvantages include unnatural speech and high cost. Future applications could include incorporating the sensors into phones for more natural use.
silent sound technology final report(17321A0432) (1).pdfssuser476810
The document is a seminar report on silent sound technology submitted by Divya Alugubelli. It discusses the need for silent sound technology, which allows communication without noise pollution by detecting lip movements and converting them to sound signals. The report covers two main methods - electromyography and image processing. Electromyography monitors tiny muscle movements during speech and converts them to electrical pulses that can be translated to sound. Image processing techniques detect lip movements through a webcam and analyze the images. The technology has applications in helping those who have lost their voice and allows silent calling without disturbing others.
The document traces the evolution of cell phones from their origins in the 1920s using radios for police communication to the development of the first portable handheld cell phone by Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973. It describes how early cell phones were large and expensive when first available to the public in 1984. The establishment of cellular networks in the late 1960s and 1970s enabled cell phones to work by passing calls between towers. The document then outlines the progression to smaller 2G digital cell phones in the 1990s and today's feature-rich 3G smartphones.
Li-Fi Technology advantages,disadvantages,application,scopeLeo Johnson
Project Done by Nirmal Ram.
This slide gives us a pictorial idea about Li-Fi technology.
have a look.this gives us about advantages and disadvantages,application,scope for Li-Fi in future,working principle of Li-Fi .more projects coming soon.
Li-Fi is nothing but just a new wifi. it is 100 times faster than a wifi and more secure.
The document provides a history of mobile phones from 1938 to 2010, beginning with early portable radios developed for the military weighing over 25 pounds, moving to lighter handheld radios, and the first commercial mobile phone service introduced by Bell in 1946. Key developments included Motorola releasing the first handheld mobile phone in 1973, early smartphones like the IBM Simon in 1993 and Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1997, the first camera phone by Sharp in 2000, and smartphones running Android and iOS revolutionizing the industry.
Smartphones are defined as enhanced mobile phones that perform functions beyond basic telephony. The first smartphone, called the Simon, was developed by IBM in 1993 and combined phone capabilities with additional features like email, calendar, and more. Common smartphone operating systems include Symbian OS, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry OS, iPhone OS, Android, and Linux. Smartphones have various internal components like processors, memory, and batteries that allow them to run these operating systems and additional apps. Popular smartphone brands include iPhone, Android, BlackBerry, Sony Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung. The iPhone was introduced by Apple in 2007 and helped drive widespread smartphone adoption. Android was released in 2008 as an open-source platform. Smartphones have
As Digital Still Cameras (DSC) become smaller, cheaper and higher in resolution, photographs are increasingly prone to blurring from shaky hands. Optical image stabilization (OIS) is an effective solution that addresses the quality of images, and is an idea that has been around for at least 30 years. It has only recently made its way into the low-cost consumer camera market, and will soon be migrating to the higher end camera phones. This paper provides an overview of common design practices and considerations for optical image stabilization and how silicon-based MEMS dual-axis gyroscopes with their size, cost and performance advantages are enabling this vital function for image capturing devices
The telephone has evolved dramatically since Alexander Graham Bell patented the first electric telephone in 1876. Early phones required manual operation by switchboard operators to connect calls. As demand grew, automatic exchanges run by computers replaced human operators by the 1920s. Phones transitioned from wall-mounted landlines to portable cordless phones to today's smartphones that provide extensive computing capabilities beyond just voice calls. The iPhone transformed the industry with its touchscreen interface and integration of apps, internet, email and more.
The document summarizes the evolution of mobile phones from 1973 to 2014. It describes early mobile phone technology in the 1970s and the development of 1G analog networks in the 1980s. 2G digital networks launched in 1991 allowed more users and competition. 3G networks in 2001 provided higher data speeds. 4G networks from 2008 onward supported broadband speeds. Key developments included the first handheld phone in 1973, the introduction of SIM cards in 1991, and the rise of smartphones after 2007 supporting apps and Internet access. Major manufacturers shifted from Nokia to Samsung as Android and iOS gained popularity globally on smartphones. Health effects of radiation remain debated while theft reduction features were added in 2013.
The document discusses using technology in early childhood education. It outlines 5 effective ways for young children to use technology, including making and displaying graphs, exploring with digital tools, telling stories, writing and recording, and sharing and documenting learning. It also discusses how technology can support children's social/language development, physical well-being, cognition, and approach to learning. Specific examples mentioned include using Google Earth for a virtual tour to teach about different cultures, and using digital cameras to find shapes in the environment.
The document presents information about IP Telephony. It discusses that IP Telephony uses the Internet protocol to send audio, video and data in real-time between users. The H.323 standard is introduced for transmitting real-time communications over packet networks based on IP telephony. H.323 includes terminals, gateways, gatekeepers and multipoint control units. The document then explains the H.323 call establishment process and components involved.
This document discusses IBOC (In-Band On-Channel) technology, which allows digital audio broadcasting without requiring new spectrum allocations. IBOC inserts a digital sideband signal within the existing AM and FM bands. There are three modes of IBOC operation: hybrid mode, extended hybrid mode, and all-digital mode. IBOC implementation can use either low-level or high-level combining of FM and IBOC signals. Benefits of digital radio include high quality audio and added services, but adoption has been delayed by issues like interference and costs.
Carbon exists in many allotropes that can be used for electronics, such as diamond, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and lonsdaleite. Diamond chips are electronic chips manufactured using a diamond wafer that is doped to make it conductive. Carbon nanotubes have many desirable properties including strength, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity, and can operate at higher temperatures than silicon chips. Potential applications of diamond chips and carbon nanotubes include information and communications technology, materials, biomedical devices, energy, transportation, and consumer goods. However, diamond chips are currently more expensive to produce than silicon chips due to the difficulty of doping the diamond structure.
Mobile technology in the sport industry refers to the use of mobile devices like phones and iPads to access sport media information. It has evolved from 1998 analog cell phone data to today's 4G networks. Mobile web, email, iPhone apps, Verizon V Cast, and text messaging allow fans to obtain scores, news, stats, videos and interact with their favorite sports in a portable, convenient format while professionals use the flexible communication tools to work outside the office and alert fans. The history and uses of each mobile technology are outlined for how they provide important information and entertainment to users in the sport field.
The document traces the history and development of computing devices from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses early mechanical calculators invented by Pascal and Leibniz in the 1600s. Important milestones included Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1830s, the use of punch cards by Herman Hollerith in 1890, and the first programmable electronic computer, ENIAC, created at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. The document then outlines the four generations of computers defined by technological advancements like transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and graphical user interfaces.
This document provides a summary of 10 of the greatest technological inventions including cellular phones, microwave ovens, GPS, personal computers, digital music, computer mice, the internet, remote controls, digital cameras, and video conferencing. It describes the development and impact of each invention, from cellular phones enabling untethered communication to video conferencing allowing face-to-face communication without physical proximity. These inventions have significantly changed the way people live and work by improving communication, access to information, transportation, food preparation, and more.
Renaissance Inventions
The Inenvention of the Wheel Essay
Essay on Innovation And Invention
Inventions Controversy
Ancient Greek Inventions Essay
Roman Inventions
Ancient Chinese Inventions. Essay
Accidental Inventions
The Invention Essay
Greatest Invention Essays
Egyptian Inventions : Ancient Egypt
The Decade of New Ideas and Inventions Essay
Opinion Essay on Inventions
Inventions Of Leonardo Da Vinci
Inventions of Nikola Tesla Essay
Inventions Of The 1700s Essay
The Invention of Modern Technology
Essay On Inventions
Human civilization needs a lift: we need a new energy plan, a new food plan, a new health plan, a new knowledge plan and a new space plan. At road:infinity we create idea capital for hyper-visionary ventures.
This document discusses the importance of science and invention. It notes that science has become the most important factor in economic development worldwide. Scientific progress benefits society by increasing well-being and advancing education. However, science can be used for both peaceful and military purposes. The document also provides examples of important inventions like the wheel, penicillin, paper, and the steam engine. It presents questions about whether inventions are helpful or harmful and what motivates people to invent. Students will work on a project to research famous scientists and inventions. They will create websites, stories, and multimedia presentations to share what they learn.
Erik Duval gave a presentation on developing more powerful tools for science using a "snowflake effect" approach to deal with an abundance of information. He discussed examples of music recommendation systems that use collaborative filtering. Duval proposed a similar system called "Shazam for conferences" to help researchers find relevant information. He highlighted ongoing research projects on technology enhanced learning and called for participants to help develop new tools by sharing their web feeds and research.
Circular Economy - And Open Source + Hacking As Paths To It Lars Zimmermann
A presentation with an introduction to Circular Economy highlighting Open Source and Hacking as promising methodologies to make progress with it. / by Lars Zimmermann http://larszimmermann.de
This document summarizes several key inventions from ancient Greece and discusses people's awareness of their Greek origins. It notes that watermills, alarm clocks, automatic doors, central heating, cranes, maps, showers, vending machines, fire extinguishers, odometers, and chewing gum can be traced back to ancient Greece. It then discusses a survey that found over 60% of respondents believe they use inventions from ancient Greece in their daily lives.
Lavajet and Vedeo - The Origins of RecyclingMarco Vedeo
Recycling has been practiced for centuries, dating back to 400BC when Greek philosopher Plato advocated for it. Due to scarce resources in ancient and medieval times, people would find multiple uses for materials before discarding them. This practice of reuse was also important during World War II when civilian populations had to make do with few resources. Today, recycling has become more complex with advanced technology, and waste management companies must continue to evolve their facilities and processes to maximize the use of resources. Lavajet, led by President Vedeo, is a global waste management company that promotes recycling through various services.
World Wide Partners - Mini DIG Day - Defining InnovationEngauge
The document discusses elements that contribute to innovation clusters throughout history. It notes that exposure to new ideas, cultures, and technologies allows for more innovation as people can be exposed to new thinking. Education also plays a role, as innovative cultures developed new forms of teaching and learning. Institutions that encourage risk-taking foster more innovation as well. Multiple discoveries are often made independently and simultaneously due to these conditions that drive progress. Overall, the document argues that innovation is inevitable when these elements of exposure, education, and risk-taking are present.
Coda: The sting in the tail - Meetup session 23William Hall
This is the last of 23 presentations in a series introducing and outlining my hypertext book project, "Application Holy Wars or a New Reformation - A Fugue on the Theory of Knowledge". The project explores the interactions of technology and cognition in the extraordinary evolutionary history of the human species.
A coda is a generally short and more or less independent passage added to the end of a composition so as to reinforce the sense of conclusion. Here I consider the question raised in the title of this Meetup series - what does the understanding of the roles of cognitive technologies developed in this book tell us about the future of humanity? I see three possible scenarios, only one of which is moderately benign.
Which of these will come to pass depends critically on how successful we are at understanding who we are and applying the tremendous body of knowledge we have assembled over our history.
Ancient Chinese Inventions. Essay
The Inenvention of the Wheel Essay
Greatest Invention Essays
Timekeeping is the Greatest Invention Essay
A Smart Phone Is The Best Invention Ever
Essay on Innovation And Invention
Opinion Essay on Inventions
The Greatest Invention Of My Lifetime
Most Influential Invention In History
Car Is The Greatest Invention
The Worlds Best Invention Of The Steam Engine
The Invention Essay
Essay On Inventions
Hein-Rich Spencers Greatest Invention
The document discusses the historical antecedents of science and technology from ancient to modern periods. It describes key inventions from each era such as the potter's wheel, papyrus, and shadoof from ancient times. The heavy plow, gunpowder, and mechanical clock are highlighted from the Middle Ages. Important modern inventions include the compound microscope, telescope, Jacquard loom, and airplane. The document also notes important Filipino inventions like the e-jeepney, erythromycin antibiotic, and banana ketchup. Finally, it prompts the reader to imagine an invention of their own if they were an inventor.
The document discusses inventions from ancient Egypt. It notes that Egyptians made important contributions to paper/writing, timekeeping, and agriculture. They invented hieroglyphics around 3300-3200 BC, which were some of the earliest forms of writing. Hieroglyphics used about 700 symbols divided into phonograms representing sounds and ideograms representing ideas/objects. Egyptians also invented sundials for telling time and developed irrigation techniques using shaduf tools to water crops. Overall, the document outlines several key inventions from ancient Egypt that have shaped modern society.
The Next Evolution - Accelerating Toward AbundanceDavid Kish
The following presentation is a heuristic for predicting the future of business and society. It presents the relationship between general purpose technology and human values. It also explores the role that value systems are playing in emerging business innovations and predicts a path forward for business leaders.
Archaeology involves carefully digging up and studying artifacts and remains to piece together clues about past civilizations. Over time, soil erosion and other natural and human processes have buried evidence of ancient human activity deeper underground. By combining small finds with other evidence, archaeologists work to solve the puzzle of past human life, though their work preserves only a fraction of what once existed.
1. The document discusses the origin of the universe according to the Big Bang theory. It states that the universe started between 10-20 billion years ago in a hot, super-dense state and then exploded, with the size of the universe being no more than a pea fraction of a second after the Big Bang.
2. It then moves on to discuss the concept of space tourism, describing a proposed space hotel in orbit that would allow guests to float around and enjoy luxury accommodations with views of Earth. However, it notes that space travel is still not a realistic option for most people.
3. Finally, it briefly touches on the SETI project which uses volunteers and their home computers to search for signals
Archaeology involves carefully digging up and studying artifacts and remains to piece together clues about past civilizations. Over time, soil erosion and other factors cause ground levels to rise, preserving evidence underground that can provide insights if excavated properly. While archaeologists only find a small fraction of available evidence, combining discoveries with previous findings helps them solve the puzzle of past human life and culture.
Similar to 10 inventions that changed the world (20)
Mother's Day is celebrated annually on the second Sunday of May in the United States. It originated as a day to appreciate mothers and honor motherhood. People commonly express their gratitude by giving mothers gifts, flowers, cards or spending time with them. Several individuals campaigned for its official recognition in the early 1900s, and it is now a holiday where families celebrate mothers.
The document lists lessons the author learned from their mother. Some of the key lessons included appreciating a job well done by not making more work for the mother, practicing religion by praying stains would come out of carpets, and exhibiting flexibility by looking at dirt on the back of one's neck. The mother also taught lessons about stamina, weather, behavior modification, logic, and the circle of life.
The Queen has two birthdays - her actual birthday on April 21st and her official birthday, which is celebrated on the second Saturday of June. Traditionally, British sovereigns have held official celebrations on dates other than their actual birthday, especially if their birthday fell in winter. For example, King Edward VII's official birthday was celebrated in May or June despite his actual birthday being in November. On the Queen's official birthday, the Trooping the Colour parade is held in London, which involves marching soldiers, bands, and a flag procession watched by thousands. The Queen typically spends her actual birthday privately while public celebrations include gun salutes in London parks and at the Tower of London.
St. Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17th to honor St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. It is celebrated in Ireland and by people around the world of Irish descent with parades, wearing of green clothing and shamrocks, music and dancing. St. Patrick is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland in the 5th century and driving out snakes, which were seen as symbols of paganism. The day is a celebration of Irish culture and heritage that has spread globally from its origins in Ireland.
The document discusses different film genres and their subgenres. It provides descriptions of primary genres like action, adventure, comedy, crime, drama, and others. For each genre, it lists characteristic elements and examples of common subgenres within that category. The document serves as a reference for understanding the conventions and classifications of different types of films.
April Fool's Day originated in France when some people continued using the old calendar and celebrated New Year's Day on April 1, earning them the name "April fools." The tradition of playing tricks on April 1 then spread from France to other countries. Common April Fool's jokes include calling the zoo about speaking to a lion or putting salt in the sugar bowl. While most jokes are lighthearted, some prefer crueler practical jokes. On this day of humor, television and newspapers also report fictional stories to fool people.
Independence Day celebrates the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776, when the 13 colonies declared independence from British rule. Traditions include parades, outdoor meals with friends and family, games, and fireworks displays in the evening. The holiday commemorates the founding of the United States and the democratic values of equality and freedom.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
10 inventions that changed the world
1.
2. If you think that the world's greatest
inventions came from the fevered minds of
solitary geniuses, think again. As you scan
this list of the 10 inventions that changed the
world, note how many of them perfected
workable designs.
invention – изобретение
fever – лихорадка
mind – разум
solitary – одинокий
note – замечать, обращать
внимание
perfect - совершенствовать
workable – работоспособный,
выполнимый, использующийся
3. When you imagine inventors, you probably
picture a lone genius in a laboratory
concocting brilliant devices, experimenting
and redesigning until some concept or
contraption works perfectly. At that point, the
new invention is unveiled to the world, a
stunning piece of new technology that
instantly changes everything.
inventor - изобретатель
lone - одинокий
concoct – состряпать, придумать
redesign – реконструкция, переделка
until – до, (здесь в зн. пока не)
contraption – хитроумное изобретение
at that point – на том этапе, в тот
момент
unveil - раскрывать
stun - шокировать
instantly – немедленно, тот час
4. Well, you've got part of it right. There's
certainly a lot of redesigning and
experimenting when it comes to inventions,
but it takes a lot longer than you think. It also
takes far more people than that lone genius.
part – часть
certainly – конечно,
непременно
long - долгий
also - также
far more – гораздо больше
5. As you'll see when you read about these 10
world-changing inventions, no invention is
created in a vacuum. Every single one was
built on previous inventions created by other
inventors years, decades or even centuries
before.
create – создавать, творить
single – каждый, единственный
build (built) - строить
previous - предыдущий
decade - десятилетие
even - даже
century - век
6. Every invention has problems, and it might
not be until some other inventor comes along
that they get solved. To confuse things
further, it usually isn't the original inventor
who gets all the credit, but rather the inventor
who made the one crucial improvement that
makes us all want one.
may (might) – мочь, иметь возможность
along – вместе, вдоль, попутно
get (got) - получать
solve – решать, разрешать
confuse – путать, сбивать с толку
further – дальше, затем, далее
credit - честь
rather - скорее
crucial – решающий, ключевой
improvement – улучшение
9. Compared to some of the gleaming electronic
inventions that fill our lives today, the plow
doesn't seem very exciting. It's a simple
cutting tool used to carve a furrow into the
soil, churning it up to expose nutrients and
prepare it for planting. Yet the plow is
probably the one invention that made all
others possible.
compare - сравнивать
gleaming - блестящий
fill - наполнять
excite - волновать
cut - резать
tool - инструмент
carve - резать
furrow - борозда
soil - почва
churn up - разворотить
expose – подвергать
(действию)
nutrient – питательное
вещество
prepare - готовить
plant - сажать
yet - ещё
probably - вероятно
possible - возможный
10. No one knows who invented the plow, or
exactly when it came to be. It probably
developed independently in a number of
regions, and there is evidence of its use in
prehistoric eras. Prior to the plow, humans
were subsistence farmers or
hunter/gatherers.
invent - изобретать
exactly - точно
come (came, come) - приходить
develop – разрабатывать
independently – независимо, самостоятельно
evidence – доказательство, факт
era – эра, эпоха, период
prior – прежний, до
subsistence – существование, пропитание
hunter - охотник
gatherer - собиратель
11. Their lives were devoted solely to finding
enough food to survive from one season to
the next. Growing food added some
stability to life, but doing it by hand was
labor intensive and took a long time. The
plow changed all that.
devote - посвящать
solely - исключительно
find (found) - находить
enough - достаточно
survive - выживать
grow – расти, выращивать
add – прибавлять, добавлять
labor - труд
12. Plows made the work easier and faster.
Improvements in the plow's design made
farming so efficient that people could
harvest far more food than they needed to
survive. They could trade the surplus for
goods or services.
efficient – эффективный, действенный
harvest – собирать урожай, пожинать плоды
trade - обменивать
surplus – избыток, излишек
service - услуга
13. And if you could get food by trading, then you
could devote your day-to-day existence to
something other than growing food, such as
producing the goods and services that were
suddenly in demand.
existence – существование
produce – производить, продукт
suddenly – внезапно, вдруг
demand – требовать, спрашивать;
спрос
14. The ability to trade and store materials drove
the invention of written language, number
systems, fortifications and militaries. As
populations gathered to engage in these
activities, cities grew. It's not a stretch to say
that the plow is responsible for the creation of
human civilization.
ability – способность
store – запас, склад
drive (drove, driven) – везти,
вести
write (wrote, written) - писать
fortification - укрепление
military – войска, военная сила
population - население
gather – собирать, собираться
engage – участвовать, вступать
stretch - растягивать
responsible – ответственный,
надёжный
16. The wheel is another invention so ancient
that we have no way of knowing who first
developed it. The oldest wheel and axle
mechanism we've found was near Ljubljana,
Slovenia, and dates to roughly 3100 B.C.
ancient - древний
axle – ось
find (found) - находить
near - рядом
date - датироваться
roughly - грубо
17. The wheel made the transportation of goods
much faster and more efficient, especially
when affixed to horse-drawn chariots and
carts. However, if it had been used only for
transportation, the wheel wouldn't have been
as much of a world-changer as it was. In fact,
a lack of quality roads limited its usefulness in
this regard for thousands of years.
affix - прикреплять
horse-drawn – запряжённый лошадьми
chariot - колесница
cart - телега
however - однако
lack - недостаток
quality - качество
road - дорога
usefulness - польза
regard - рассматривать
thousand – тысяча
18. A wheel can be used for a lot of things other
than sticking them on a cart to carry grain,
though. Tens of thousands of other inventions
require wheels to function, from water wheels
that power mills to gears and cogs that
allowed even ancient cultures to create
complex machines.
stick – втыкать, прицеплять
grain - зерно
though - хотя
require – требовать, нуждаться
mill - мельница
gear - механизм
cog – зубец (колеса)
allow – позволять, разрешать
ancient - древний
19. Cranks and pulleys need wheels to work. A
huge amount of modern technology still
depends on the wheel, like centrifuges used
in chemistry and medical research, electric
motors and combustion engines, jet engines,
power plants and countless others.
crank - рукоятка
pulley – ролик, шкив
huge - огромный
amount - количество
depend - зависеть
research - исследование
combustion - сгорание
engine - двигатель
jet – реактивный самолёт
countless - бесчисленный
21. Like many of the inventions on this list, the
man we believe invented the printing press
(Johann Gutenberg in the 1430s) actually
improved on pre-existing technologies and
made them useful and efficient enough to
become popular.
actually – на самом деле
improve - улучшать
pre-existing – уже существовавшие
useful - полезный
efficient - эффективный
enough - достаточно
22. The world already had paper and block
printing - the Chinese had them as early as
the 11th century - but the complexity of their
language limited popularity. Marco Polo
brought the idea to Europe in 1295.
complexity - сложность
bring (brought) - приносить
23. Gutenberg combined the idea of block
printing with a screw press (used for olive oil
and wine production). He also developed
metal printing blocks that were far more
durable and easier to make than the hand-
carved wooden letters in use previously.
Finally, his advances in ink and paper
production helped revolutionize the whole
process of mass printing.
screw - винт
develop - разрабатывать
durable – прочный, надёжный
hand-carved – ручная резка
wooden - деревянный
previously - ранее
advance - продвижение
revolutionize – полностью изменять
24. The printing press allowed enormous
quantities of information to be recorded and
spread throughout the world. Books had
previously been items only the extremely rich
could afford, but mass production brought the
price down tremendously.
enormous – обширный, огромный
quantity - количество
record - записывать
spread - распространять
throughout - повсюду
item - предмет
extremely – чрезвычайно, крайне
rich – состоятельный, богатый
afford – позволять себе
tremendously – чрезвычайно, крайне
25. The printing press is probably responsible for
many other inventions, but in a more subtle
way than the wheel. The diffusion of
knowledge it created gave billions of humans
the education they needed to create their own
inventions in the centuries since.
responsible - ответственный
subtle – хитроумный, искусный
diffusion - распространение
give (gave, given) - давать
education - образование
27. Refrigerators cool things down by taking
advantage of the way substances absorb and
unload heat as their pressure points and
phases of matter change (usually from gas to
liquid and back).
advantage - преимущество, выгода
substance - вещество
absorb – впитывать
unload - разгружать
heat – тепло, жара
pressure - давление
matter – вещество, материал
liquid - жидкость
28. It's difficult to pinpoint a single inventor of the
refrigerator, because the concept was widely
known and gradually improved over the course
of about 200 years.
pinpoint – точно определять, указывать
widely - широко
gradually - постепенно
29. Some credit Oliver Evans' 1805 unproduced
design of a vapor-compression unit, while
others point to Carl von Linde's 1876 design
as the actual precursor of the modern
refrigerator in your kitchen. Dozens of
inventors, including Albert Einstein, would
refine or improve refrigerator designs over the
decades.
vapor-compression – пара-сжатие (компрессор)
precursor - предшественник
including - включая
refine – усовершенствовать, улучшать
decade - десятилетие
30. In the early 20th century, harvested natural
ice was still common, but large industries
such as breweries were beginning to use ice-
making machines. Harvested ice for industrial
use was rare by World War I. However, it
wasn't until the development of safer
refrigerant chemicals in the 1920s that home
refrigerators became the norm.
harvest – собирать урожай
brewery - пивоварня
rare - редкий
safe - безопасный
31. The ability to keep food cold for prolonged
periods (and even during shipping, once
refrigerated trucks were developed)
drastically changed the food production
industry and the eating habits of people
around the world.
ability - способность
prolong - продлевать
during – во время
ship – перевозить
drastically – радикально,
решительно, резко
habit - привычка
32. Now, we have easy access to fresh meats
and dairy products even in the hottest
summer months, and we're no longer tied to
the expense of harvesting and shipping
natural ice - which never could have kept
pace with the world's growing population in
any case.
access - доступ
tie - связывать
expense – расход, трата
pace – темп, скорость
34. Maybe it's cheating to lump the telegraph,
telephone, radio and television into one
'invention,' but the development of
communication technology has been a
continuum of increased utility and flexibility
since Samuel Morse invented the electric
telegraph in 1836 (building on the prior work
of others, of course).
cheat - обманывать
lump - смешивать
continuum - диапазон
increase - повышение
utility - польза
flexibility - гибкость
prior – прежний, веский
35. The telephone simply refined the idea by
allowing actual voice communications to be
sent over copper wires, instead of just beeps
that spelled out the plain text in Morse code.
These communication methods were point-to-
point, and required an extensive
infrastructure of wires to function.
refine – усовершенствовать, улучшать
allow - позволять
copper - медный
wire – провод, проволока
instead of - вместо
beep – сигнал, гудок
require – требовать, нуждаться
36. Transmitting signals wirelessly using
electromagnetic waves was a concept
worked on by many inventors around the
world, but Guglielmo Marconi and Nikola
Tesla popularized it in the early 20th century.
Eventually, sound could be transmitted
wirelessly, while engineers gradually
perfected the transmission of images.
wave - волна
eventually – в конце концов, в итоге
37. Radio and television were new landmarks in
communications because they allowed a
single broadcaster to send messages to
thousands or even millions of recipients as
long as they were equipped with receivers.
landmark - ориентир, веха
broadcaster - диктор
recipient – получатель, адресат
equip – оборудовать, снаряжать
receiver – телефонная трубка,
радиоприёмник
38. These developments in communications
technology effectively shrank the world. In the
span of about 120 years, we went from a
world where it might take weeks to hear news
from across the country to one where we can
watch events occurring on the other side of
the globe as they happen.
shrank - сжимать
span – промежуток времени
occur - происходить
39. The advent of mass communications put
more information within our grasp and altered
how we interact with each other.
advent – появление, прибытие
within – в пределах
grasp – понимание, охватить
alter - изменять
interact - взаимодействовать
41. Prior to the invention of the steam engine,
most products were made by hand. Water
wheels and draft animals provided the only
'industrial' power available, which clearly had
its limits. The Industrial Revolution, which is
perhaps the greatest change over the shortest
period of time in the history of civilization, was
carried forward by the steam engine.
draft – набросок, черновик
provide - предоставлять
available – доступный
perhaps – возможно, может быть
short (shorter, shortest) - короткий
carry forward – (продвигать дело)
42. The concept of using steam to power
machines had been around for thousands of
years, but Thomas Newcomen's creation in
1712 was the first to harness that power for
useful work (pumping water out of mines, for
the most part).
harness - использовать
mine - шахта
43. In 1769, James Watt modified a Newcomen
engine by adding a separate condenser,
which vastly increased the steam engine's
power and made it a far more practical way to
do work.
add – добавлять, прибавлять
separate – разделять, самостоятельный
condenser - конденсатор
vastly - значительно
44. He also developed a way for the engine to
produce rotary motion, which may be just as
important as the efficiency gains. Thus, Watt
is often considered the inventor of the steam
engine.
rotary - вращательный
efficiency – эффективность,
действенность
gain – механизм
thus – таким образом
consider - считаться,
рассматриваться
45. Newcomen's and Watt's engines actually
used the vacuum of condensing steam to
drive the pistons, not the pressure of steam
expansion. This made the engines bulky. It
was the high-pressure steam engine
developed by Richard Trevithick and others
that allowed for steam engines small enough
to power a train.
condensed - сжатый
piston - поршень
expansion – пространство,
расширение
bulky – огромный, большой
46. Not only did steam engines power factories
that made the rapid production of goods
possible, they powered the trains and
steamships that carried those goods across
the globe.
factory - завод
rapid – быстрый, скорый
steamship - пароход
those - те
across - через
globe – земной шар
47. While the steam engine has been eclipsed by
electric and internal combustion engines in
the areas of transport and factory power,
they're still incredibly important. Most power
plants in the world actually generate electricity
using steam turbines, whether the steam is
heated by burning coal, natural gas or a
nuclear reactor.
eclipse – затмевать, потускнение
internal - внутренний
combustion - сгорание
area - область
incredibly – очень, невероятно
generate - производить
whether – ли, либо
heat – тепло, нагревание
nuclear - ядерный
49. If the steam engine mobilized industry, the
automobile mobilized people. While ideas for
personal vehicles had been around for years,
Karl Benz's 1885 Motorwagen, powered by
an internal combustion engine of his own
design, is widely considered the first
automobile.
while – пока, несмотря на, в
то время как, когда
vehicle - транспорт
50. Henry Ford's improvements in the production
process - and effective marketing - brought
the price and the desire for owning an auto
into the reach of most Americans. Europe
soon followed.
desire - желание
own – свой, иметь
soon - скоро
51. The automobile's effect on commerce, society
and culture is hard to overestimate. Most of
us can jump in our car and go wherever we
want whenever we want, effectively
expanding the size of any community to the
distance we're willing to drive to shop or visit
friends.
commerce - торговля
overestimate - переоценивать
wherever – куда, везде
expand – расширять, увеличивать
52. Our cities are largely designed and built
around automobile access, with paved roads
and parking lots taking up huge amounts of
space and a big chunk of our governments'
budgets. The auto industry has fueled
enormous economic growth worldwide, but
it's also generated a lot of pollution.
pave – мостить, выкладывать
chunk – часть, кусок
fuel – горючее (здесь: питать)
enormous – громадный, гигантский
growth – рост, развитие
worldwide – всемирный, мировой,
во всем мире
pollution - загрязнение
54. If there's a common theme to this list, it's that
no major invention came from a single stroke
of genius from a single inventor. Every
invention is built by incrementally improving
earlier designs, and the person usually
associated with an invention is the first
person to make it commercially viable.
major – главный, крупный
incrementally - постепенно, шаг
за шагом
viable – пригодный,
жизнеспособный
55. Such is the case with the light bulb. We
immediately think of Thomas Edison as the
electric light bulb's inventor, but dozens of
people were working on similar ideas in the
1870s, when Edison developed his
incandescent bulb. Joseph Swan did similar
work in Britain at the time, and eventually the
two merged their ideas into a single company,
Ediswan.
case - случай
immediately - немедленно
dozen - дюжина
similar – подобный, похожий
incandescent - блестящий
eventually – в итоге, в конце
концов
merge - соединять
56. The bulb itself works by transmitting electricity
through a wire with high resistance known as
a filament. The waste energy created by the
resistance is expelled as heat and light. The
glass bulb encases the filament in a vacuum
or in inert gas, preventing combustion.
itself – самостоятельно
transmit – передавать, посылать
through – сквозь, через
wire - проволока
resistance - сопротивление
filament – нить накаливания,
волокно
waste – потеря, трата
expel – исключать,
выгонять, выделять
heat – жар, тепло
encase - заключать
prevent - предотвращать
combustion - сгорание
57. You might think the light bulb changed the
world by allowing people to work at night or in
dark places (it did, to some extent), but we
already had relatively cheap and efficient gas
lamps and other light sources at the time.
extent – степень, мера
relatively – относительно,
сравнительно
cheap - дешёвый
efficient - эффективный
source - источник
58. It was actually the infrastructure that was built
to provide electricity to every home and
business that changed the world. Today, our
world is filled with powered devices than we
can plug in pretty much anywhere. We have
the light bulb to thank for it.
provide - предоставлять
fill - наполнять
device – устройство, средство
plug - подключить
anywhere – куда-либо, куда угодно
60. A computer is a machine that takes
information in, is able to manipulate it in some
way, and outputs new information. There is
no single inventor of the modern computer,
although the ideas of British mathematician
Alan Turing are considered eminently
influential in the field of computing.
be able – быть способным
output – результат, выводить
although - хотя
consider - рассматривать
eminently - больше всего,
исключительно
influential – влиятельный, важный
field – поле, область
compute - вычисление
61. Mechanical computing devices were in
existence in the 1800s (there were even rare
devices that could be considered computers
in ancient eras), but electronic computers
were invented in the 20th century.
existence - существование
even - даже
rare - редкий
ancient - древний
62. Computers are able to make complicated
mathematical calculations at an incredible
rate of speed. When they operate under the
instructions of skilled programmers,
computers can accomplish amazing feats.
complicate - усложнять
incredible – невероятный, потрясающий
rate - уровень
skill – техника, умение
accomplish – достигать
amazing - поразительный
feat – мастерство, подвиг
63. Some high-performance military aircraft
wouldn't be able to fly without constant
computerized adjustments to flight control
surfaces.
military - военный
aircraft - самолёт
constant - постоянный
adjustment - регулировка
flight - полёт
surface - поверхность
64. Computers performed the sequencing of the
human genome, let us put spacecraft into
orbit, control medical testing equipment, and
create the complex visual imagery used in
films and video games.
sequence - последовательность
human – человек, человеческий
spacecraft – космический корабль
equipment - оборудование
imagery – образность, изображение
65. If we only examine these grandiose uses of
computers, we overlook how much we rely on
them from day to day. Computers let us store
vast amounts of information and retrieve a
given piece of it almost instantly. Many of the
things we take for granted in the world
wouldn't function without computers, from
cars to power plants to phones.
examine – рассматривать, исследовать
overlook – заметить, обозревать
rely – полагаться, надеяться
store – склад, хранилище
vast – обширный, громадный
amount – количество, величина
retrieve
almost - почти
grant - предоставлять
67. The Internet, a network of computers
covering the entire planet, allows people to
access almost any information located
anywhere in the world at any time. Its effects
on business, communication, economy,
entertainment and even politics are profound.
The Internet may not have changed the world
as much as the plow, but it's probably on par
with the steam engine or automobile.
entire – весь, целый, полный
locate – размещать, находиться
entertainment - развлечение
68. DARPA (Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency), the research and
development arm of the U.S. military, created
ARPANET in the late 1960s. This network of
computer-to-computer connections was
intended for military and academic research.
defense – защита, оборона
advanced – продвинутый
intend - намереваться
research - исследование
69. Other computer networks began to cross the
globe in the next few years, and by the late
1970s computer scientists had created a
single protocol, TCP/IP, that would allow
computers on any network to communicate
with computers on other networks. This was,
essentially, the birth of the Internet, but it took
10 or so years for various other networks in
the world to adopt the new protocol, making
the Internet truly global.
by the late – к концу
communicate – сообщать, взаимодействовать
essentially – фактически, по существу
birth - рождение
various – различный, разный
adopt - принимать
truly – точно, верное, поистине
70. The Internet is such a powerful invention that
we've probably only begun to see the effects
it will have on the world. The ability to diffuse
and recombine information with such
efficiency could accelerate the rate at which
further world-changing inventions are
created.
probably - возможно
diffuse - распространять
recombine - воссоединяться
accelerate – ускорять
further – дальше
71. At the same time, some fear that our ability to
communicate, work, play and do business via
the Internet breaks down our ties to local
communities and causes us to become
socially isolated. Like any invention, the good
or ill it accomplishes will come from how we
choose to use it.
fear - страх
ability - способность
via - через
tie – связь
cause - причина, дело
isolate – изолировать, отделять
accomplish – совершать, выполнять
choose - выбирать
72. Thank you for attention!
The presentation performed
by Tatiana Evmenchikova
All information is there
http://www.geniusstuff.com/blog/list/10-
inventions-changed-world/