The document discusses the historical antecedents of science and technology from ancient to modern periods. It describes key inventions from each era such as the potter's wheel, papyrus, and shadoof from ancient times. The heavy plow, gunpowder, and mechanical clock are highlighted from the Middle Ages. Important modern inventions include the compound microscope, telescope, Jacquard loom, and airplane. The document also notes important Filipino inventions like the e-jeepney, erythromycin antibiotic, and banana ketchup. Finally, it prompts the reader to imagine an invention of their own if they were an inventor.

1. Historical Antecedents OF Science AND Technology
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Historical Antecedents OF Science AND Technology
Accountancy (STI College)
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Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
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2. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ANCIENT PERIOD (3,500 BC-100BC)
-The rise of ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology. These
advances during the Ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by finding better ways of
communication, transportation, self- organization, and of living in general.
Potter’ wheel- a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay which was spun horizontally on axis.
It is believed that the Sumerians invented the potter’s wheel shortly after 3500 BC.
Papyrus- a material similar to thick paper.
is made from the pith of the papyrus plant cyperus papyrus. It is lightweight,
strong, durable, and most importantly, portable.
Before the Egyptians invented the papyrus, writing was done on stone.
Shadoof- is a hand –operated device used for lifting water. Its invention introduced the idea
of lifting things using counter weights. It was an early tool invented and used by ancient
Egyptians.
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3. Antikythera Mechanism- used to predict astronomical position and eclipses for calendar
and astrological purposes.
-it is similar to a mantle clock. It is akin to a clock in the way that the case has a circular face
and rotating hands. A knob on the side makes it possible for it to be moved forward and
backward. As this knob moves forward and backward, its mechanism allows it to display
celestial time.
- Invented by the Greeks that was discovered and retrieve from the water of Antikythera,
Greece
Aeolipile- is a steamed powered turbine which spun when the water container at its center
was heated, thus making it practically the first rudimentary steam engine.
- It is also known as the Hero’s engine.
MIDDLE AGES (5th
Century AD-395 CE)
Between the collapse of the Roma Empire in 5th
century AD and the colonial expansion of
Western Europe in late 15th
century AD, major advances in scientific and technological
development took place. These includes steady increase of new inventions, introduction
of innovations in traditional production, and emergence of scientific thinking and
method. As such, some of humanity’s most important present-day technologies could be
traced back to their historical antecedents in the Middle Ages.
Heavy Plough- most important technological inventions during the middle ages. It turned the
European agriculture and economy to its head.
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4. Gunpowder- around 850 AD, Chinese alchemist accidentally invented black powder or
gunpowder. Multiple accounts suggest that the gunpowder might have been an unintended
by product of attempts made by the Chinese to invent the elixir of life, which is why the
Chinese called It huoyao which means “fire potion”.
Paper Money- The first known versions of paper money could be traced back to the Chinese
in 17th
century AD as an offshoot of the invention of block printing, which is similar to
stamping. Before the introduction of paper money, precious metals, such as gold and silver
were used as currency.
Mechanical Clock- The development of mechanical clock paved the way for accurately
keeping track of time. The sophistication of clockwork technology of the mechanical clock
drastically changed the way days were spent and work patterns were established, particularly
in the more advanced Middle Age cities.
Spinning Wheel- a machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually
woven into cloth on a loom. Although no consensus could be made regarding the origin of the
spinning wheel it is theorized that the Indians invented spinning wheel between 6th
and 11th
century AD.
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5. MODERN AGES (1590-1929)
As the world population steadily increased, people of the Modern Age realized the utmost
importance of increasing efficiency of transportation, communication and production.
Industrialization took place with greater risk in human health, food safety and environment
which has to be addressed as scientific and technological progress unfolded at an
unimaginable speed.
Compound Microscope-it was capable of magnifying objects three times their size when
fully closed and up to ten times when extended to the maximum. Today, the compound
microscope is an important instruments in many scientific studies, such as in the area of
medicine, forensic studies, tissue analysis, atomic studies and genetics.
Invented by Hans and Zacharias Janssen (father and son)
Telescope- this invention could magnify objects 20 times larger than the Dutch perspective
glasses.
Galileo Galilei was the first who invented the first telescope perhaps the single, most
important technological invention in the study of astronomy during the Modern Ages.
Jacquard Loom – is also an important antecedent of modern computer technology as it
demonstrated the use of punched cards to instruct a machine to carry out complex task, i.e
making different textile patterns.
- It simplifies textile manufacturing. Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard.
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6. Engine Powered Airplane- Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright (brothers) are credited for
designing and successfully operating the first engine powered aircraft and flight scientifically.
They proved that aircrafts could fly without airfoil-shaped wings.
Television- the Scottish engineer John Logie Baird is largely credited for the invention of
modern television.
INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTIST
Most of the inventions appealed to the unique social and cultural context of the archipelagic
nation. Throughout the Philippine history, Filipinos are responsible for developing many
scientific and technological innovations focused on navigation, traditional shipbuilding,
textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques and even cultural inventions.
Some of the following are the most important inventions by the Filipino scientist.
Electronic Jeepney (e-jeepney)
The e-jeepney is the inventive response to criticism to the traditional jeepney that belched
smoke, directly causing air pollution which made it unsustainable and uneconomical. They
are designed to be environment friendly, eliminating noise and air pollution as they run on
electricity.
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7. Erythromycin – one of the most important medicine invention. Abelardo Aguilar invented
this antibiotic out of strain of bacterium called Streptomyces erythreus from which the drug
derived its name.
Medical Incubator-World –renowned Filipino pediatrician and national scientist, Fe del
Mundo, is credited for the invention of the incubator and jaundice relieving device. Her
incubator was particularly outstanding as it addressed the state of Philippine rural
communities that had no electricity to aid the regulation of body temperatures of newborn
babies.
Mole Remover- Rolando Dela Cruz is credited for the invention of a local mole remover that
made use of extract of cashew nuts. The indigenous formula easily caught on for its
accessibility, affordability, and painless and scar less procedure.
Banana Ketchup- Filipino food technologist Maria Orosa, is credited for the invention of
banana ketchup, a variety ketchup different from the commonly known tomato ketchup.
Reference: Quinto, E. J. M., Ph D, LPT and Nieva, A. D. MEng, ChE, RChE (2019) Science
Technology and Society C&E Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA South Triangle Quezon City
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8. ACTIVITY 2: If I were an inventor
Name: ______________________________________________ Date Submitted:________
Course & Section: ____________________
Instruction: In this section, you learned that necessity is the mother of inventions and
innovation. Inventions are not simply made, but are motivated by various social, political,
cultural and economic context. In this task, you will address this question: If you were an
inventor, what would you invent? In thinking about the invention, make sure that you come up
with one that has not been invented yet but is possible to be invented in the near future. On
the space below, sketch a draft of your invention then answer the questions that follow.
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9. QUESTONS:
1. What is your invention? What does it do?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. How is your invention similar to or different from existing tools or technologies
in terms of function?
______________________________________________________________
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3. Why is there a need for this invention? How will this invention make the world
a better place to live in?
______________________________________________________________
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10. Notes:
1. Individual activity
2. Make use of your asynchronous schedule to make this activity
3. To submit use google drive folder.
4. Deadline will be until Wed. (Sept. 16)
Thank you and God bless.
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