There are many ethical aspects which derive from the application of reproduction control in women's health. Women's health can be enhanced if women are given the opportunity to make their own reproduction choices about sex, contraception, abortion and application of reproductive technologies.
The effort to find out which one is better abortion or childbirth, relate it to Islamic teaching and conventional law. sorry for any kind of mistake/wrong.
The effort to find out which one is better abortion or childbirth, relate it to Islamic teaching and conventional law. sorry for any kind of mistake/wrong.
Explain the wider meaning of family planning.
Give contraceptive counselling.
List the efficiency, contraindications and side effects of the various contraceptive methods.
List the important health benefits of contraception.
Advise a postpartum patient on the most appropriate method of contraception.
This presentation outlines three commonly encountered scenarios and the ethical and legal issues that may affect the choice of contraceptive. Obstetricians and gynaecologists play a key role in counselling women. Decisions regarding contraceptive choices must take into account women’s preferences, cultural and religious beliefs as well as any co-existing medical issues.
Abortion should be legal but also regulatedEchi JC
Abortion has become an extremely controversial issue in many countries of the world today. For centuries, abortion was scorned or forbidden in many countries around the
world. Yet in the last half of the 20th century, abortion was not merely accepted—it was embraced!
It’s the basic right of every woman to make her own decision about whether and when to have a child—without having to put her health or her life at risk.
Abortion laws in India - A comparative analysis of India with the world (case...VehaPandya
A detailed analysis of abortion laws and practices all over the world with a key emphasis on Abortion Laws in India - supplemented with real life case studies and legal dilemmas faced by the indian judiciary.
Abortion has been one of the major controversies in our contemporary society. Some people are in support to legalization of abortion, others are yet undecided on which side to support, and the rest are in total opposition of the notion of legalizing abortion. Abortion is the termination of the pregnancy by removal of the fetus or embryo before its complete growth. The process of abortion can be induced either artificially or naturally due to ranging reasons be it positive or negative. In this research paper I will cover both sides in order to establish a conclusion as to whether abortion should be legalized or not. I will cover both the positive and negative effects to an individual or the society at large.
This syndrome affects the liver and may leads to abnormally functioning of liver, and increased liver enzymes.
The main cause may be due to cardiac failure.
Liver function test, liver ultrasound are important to role out the liver cirrhosis
In this ppt you will learn the normal anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and their relation to the soft tissue.
You will be able to describe the anatomical position.
Orthopedic surgery their diagnosis and managing the fracture is to view and interpreted the abnormality seen in the x ray film
Explain the wider meaning of family planning.
Give contraceptive counselling.
List the efficiency, contraindications and side effects of the various contraceptive methods.
List the important health benefits of contraception.
Advise a postpartum patient on the most appropriate method of contraception.
This presentation outlines three commonly encountered scenarios and the ethical and legal issues that may affect the choice of contraceptive. Obstetricians and gynaecologists play a key role in counselling women. Decisions regarding contraceptive choices must take into account women’s preferences, cultural and religious beliefs as well as any co-existing medical issues.
Abortion should be legal but also regulatedEchi JC
Abortion has become an extremely controversial issue in many countries of the world today. For centuries, abortion was scorned or forbidden in many countries around the
world. Yet in the last half of the 20th century, abortion was not merely accepted—it was embraced!
It’s the basic right of every woman to make her own decision about whether and when to have a child—without having to put her health or her life at risk.
Abortion laws in India - A comparative analysis of India with the world (case...VehaPandya
A detailed analysis of abortion laws and practices all over the world with a key emphasis on Abortion Laws in India - supplemented with real life case studies and legal dilemmas faced by the indian judiciary.
Abortion has been one of the major controversies in our contemporary society. Some people are in support to legalization of abortion, others are yet undecided on which side to support, and the rest are in total opposition of the notion of legalizing abortion. Abortion is the termination of the pregnancy by removal of the fetus or embryo before its complete growth. The process of abortion can be induced either artificially or naturally due to ranging reasons be it positive or negative. In this research paper I will cover both sides in order to establish a conclusion as to whether abortion should be legalized or not. I will cover both the positive and negative effects to an individual or the society at large.
This syndrome affects the liver and may leads to abnormally functioning of liver, and increased liver enzymes.
The main cause may be due to cardiac failure.
Liver function test, liver ultrasound are important to role out the liver cirrhosis
In this ppt you will learn the normal anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and their relation to the soft tissue.
You will be able to describe the anatomical position.
Orthopedic surgery their diagnosis and managing the fracture is to view and interpreted the abnormality seen in the x ray film
Muscle contraction is very important to do our daily activity every should understand how and what factors contribute for developing muscle contraction and relaxation.
in this presentation you will learns the neuromuscular junction and how excitation contraction coupling occurs.
Examination of lump , ulcer and lymph nodes are key important to diagnosis the differentiate from each one another and the extant of spread of lesion.
in this PPt you will see:
1. the location of lymph nodes.
2. characteristic when palpating.
3. adjacent lymph extension.
4. examination of lump.
5. examination of ulcer.
The term “research” refers to a class of activity designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge. Generalizable knowledge consists of theories, principles, or relationships, or the accumulation of information on which they are based, that can be corroborated by accepted scientific methods of observation and inference. In the present context, “research” includes both medical and behavioral studies pertaining to human health. Usually “research” is modified by the adjective “biomedical” to indicate its relation to health.
The term “euthanasia” is derived from Greek, literally meaning “good death”. Taken in its common usage however, euthanasia refers to the termination of a person’s life, to end their suffering, usually from an incurable or terminal condition. It is for this reason that euthanasia was also coined the name “mercy killing”.
Acts of euthanasia are further categorised as “voluntary”, “involuntary” and “non-voluntary.” Voluntary euthanasia refers to euthanasia performed at the request of the patient. Involuntary euthanasia is the term used to describe the situation where euthanasia is performed when the patient does not request it, with the intent of relieving their suffering – which, in effect, amounts to murder. Non-voluntary euthanasia relates to a situation where euthanasia is performed when the patient is incapable of consenting. The term that is relevant to the euthanasia debate is “active voluntary euthanasia”, which collectively refers to the deliberate act to end an incurable or terminally ill patient’s life, usually through the administration of lethal drugs at his or her request. The main difference between active voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide is that in assisted suicide and physician-assisted suicide, the patient performs the killing act. Assisted suicide is when a person intentionally assists a patient, at their request, to terminate his or her life. Physician-assisted suicide refers to a situation where a physician intentionally assists a patient, at their request, to end his or her life, for example, by the provision of information and drugs.
Children may be abused physically, sexually, emotionally and by omission or commission in any permutation under these headings. This is discussed in terms of the separate and overlapping responsibilities of parents, guardians, the community in which they live and the network of professional services developed to care for, protect and educate children. An attempt is made to place these issues within an ethical framework, with regard to the legislature of England and Wales. It is argued that professionals working within this field have an obligation either to keep up to date in respect of a large and growing body of research and practice knowledge or to consult 'experts' within the field when making complex and far-reaching decisions on behalf of abused children and their families. A representative, inevitably incomplete, bibliography is discussed and appended and there is brief reference to the role of expert witnesses concerning children involved in civil legal proceedings.
Organ donation is ethically and morally acceptance compared to organ harvesting which is non ethic.
donating an organs for saving a human life is ok, and acceptance but to donate your organs for economics is bad because you didn't have a grantee that your organs may save till you dying.
the most expensive organ donation is ................
It is ethically unacceptable to refuse to treat HlV or take care of HlV, positive patients simply because they are HIV-positive.
The prevention, diagnosis, and management of sexually transmitted diseases impacts individual patients and families, as well as the population as a whole. Politics, schools, the media, and public health systems all influence policies about STDs. This month's issue explores some of the ethical issues surrounding STDs, such as confidentiality, stigma, and the exchange of information between physician and patient. Though some clinicians may be uncomfortable with this topic, STDs are not rare and can impact almost any age group or segment of the population.
The good doctors is who is good in relationship to his patients what ever the reason. but do not use your relationship to date a girl in as your her doctor unless you finish that relationship as a medical doctor.
There are a law and ethics that protects the patients and the doctor relationship to prevent the damage or suit for both of them.
As there is relation b/w the patient and doctor there is also a relation b/w doctor and another doctor and this is important both of them to take a care for patient.
Any misunderstanding of both doctors should try to solve it because we do not need to harm the patient.
Malpractice should not allowed in the field of medicine because your are dealing with humans life.
The malpractice is due to lack of doctors knowledge, uninteresting the sensitive cases, not using a guidelines.
The most type and common error in malpractice is the medication error and could put the patient's life risky.
Medical record is important why because you follow up the patients and will help you to guide and known the status the patient whether he or she improving or not.
There are several types of medical record: by using paper or documented book or by using electronic such as computers and so on.
If you are recording the patient information the patient will trust you and so happy because you still remember him or her information and this is good for you.
In this PPT you will learn what is autonomy whether is important or not and so on.
Every one of us should mentally capably for thinking and decision making and that's why we are humans, but there are people who are not mentally complete and their which or needs depend on others and it's really sad.
consent and confidentiality are important and are the reason why you are a good doctors.
The confidentiality brings you a new customers who trust you because you keep their information secrets and this type of confidentiality is part of Hippocrates Oaths.
Topics that are included in here:
1. Definition of ethics.
2. Types of ethics.
3. Ethics Vs Law.
4. The Hippocrates Oath.
it better to think as Consequentialism that it good for you and your job as a healthcare.
Have you ever heard the basic principles of Ethics and their importance let check today from this ppt.
Every patient customer should be informed that your clinic or hospital has what we call the quality assurance program.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. WHAT IS ABORTION:
• ……. The word abortion comes from the Latin
abortio, which means to abort, miscarry, deliver
prematurely. The Latin word abortus means
"miscarriage, premature, untimely birth".
• In medicine abortion means ending a pregnancy
prematurely.
• An abortion is when the pregnancy is ended so that
it does not result in the birth of a child.
• Sometimes this is called 'termination of
pregnancy'.
3. ABORTION IN INDIAN LAW:
• Abortion in India is legal only up to twenty weeks of
pregnancy under specific conditions and situations
which are broadly defined as:
If a woman is married, her own written consent is
sufficient. Her husband’s consent is not required
If a woman is unmarried and over 18, she can provide
her own written consent.
If a woman is unmarried and under 18, she must
provide written consent from her guardian.
If a woman is mentally unstable, she must provide
written consent from her guardian.
4. Abortion as per the Indian MTP Act The
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act:
• Clearly mentions the conditions under which only a
pregnancy can be ended.
1. A pregnancy may be terminated by a
registered medical practitioner.
2. A pregnancy occurring as a result of
rape.
3. Failure of contraceptive device used
by a couple.
5. ABORTION IN USA LAW:
• In consultation with their physician, women have a
constitutionally protected right to have an abortion
in the early stages of pregnancy.
• Abortion has been legal in the USA since 1973, but
may be restricted by any of the 56 states to varying
degrees.
• Approximately 3700 abortions are conducted daily
in the United States.
6. • An adult woman has an unrestricted access to
abortion through the end of the first trimester.
• First-trimester abortions are clearly unrestricted.
Women do not need the approval or consent of
anyone else to obtain a first-trimester abortion.
• In the second trimester the decision is still between
a woman and her physician, but the ease of access
to a second trimester abortion is less clear.
• States may place regulations on free access to a
second trimester abortion.
• Third-trimester abortions are not freely available,
because the fetus is potentially viable.
• Third-trimester abortions are clearly restricted.
• consent by the father for an abortion is not
required; the fetus is considered as a part of the
woman’s body.
7.
8. REASONS FOR GIVEN ABORTION:
• Concern for/ responsibility to other individuals.
• Not wanting their lives changed by the birth of a
baby.
• Yong or unmarried.
• Unplanned or unwanted.
• Relationship problem.
• Mother health risk.
• Pregnancy is the result of crime.
• Unacceptable quality of life.
9. • Procedure Abortions must be performed by a doctor
with one of the following qualifications:
• A registered medical practitioner who has performed at
least 25 medically assisted terminations of pregnancy.
• A surgeon who has six months’ experience in obstetrics
and gynaecology.
• A person who has a diploma or degree in obstetrics and
gynaecology.
• A doctor who was registered before the 1971 Medical
Termination of Pregnancy Act and who has three years’
experience in obstetrics and gynaecology.
• A doctor who registered after 1971 and has been
practising in obstetrics and gynaecology for at least a
year.
10. Abortion Health Risks and
Side:
A. Pain and/or cramping.
B. Nausea.
C. Vomiting.
D. Diarrhea.
E. Reaction to anesthetic.
F. Death.
11. • Short-Term Problems
Post- Abortion:
1. Infection.
2. Heavy Bleeding.
3. Retained Tissue.
4. Puncture of the
uterus.
5. Sterility.
• Long-Term Problems
Post-Abortion:
1. Future Fertility.
2. Psychological and
Emotional.
3. The Abortion-Breast
Cancer Connection.
12. THE ARGUMENTS FOR AND
AGAINST ABORTION:
• PRO-LIFE ARGUMENT: This is defined as the
responsibility or obligation of the government to
preserve all human life regardless of intent, viability
or quality of life concerns.
• PRO-CHOICE ARGUMENT: This is the belief that
women have the rights to choose to abort the baby.
13. WOMEN RIGHTS:
1. A women has a right to make decision that
involve her body.
2. If the pregnancy was the result of hard cases like
rape, incest etc.
3. Major issues for abortion-right to life, right to
liberty, right to security.
4. Involve risk to life.
5. Child will be disabled and low quality of life.
14. CHILD RIGHTS:
1. The fetus is a human being with fundamental
right to life.
2. Every child is wanted child.
3. The unborn child has the right not to be killed.
15. Conclusion:
• Abortion is ethical and also unethical.
• Abortion is not legal nor illegal.
• It is not a relief as most of them feel so.
•But it is still a debatable
issue.
18. • Contraception stems from two words—contra, or
against, and conception, meaning the union of the
male sperm and the female ovum.
• Therefore, contraception is any action taken to
prevent pregnancy from occurring.
• Abstinence from sexual intercourse and non-coital
sex are also means of avoiding pregnancy.
19. TYPES
• Hormonal Methods – includes control pills, Depo
Provera injections and Norplant.
• Barrier Methods – includes condom, diaphragm,
and cervical cap.
• Spermicides – it contains nonoxynyl.
• Intrauterine Devices – also known as IUD.
• Tubal Sterilization.
• Vasectomy.
• Emergency Contraception.
20. • UK has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates
in Europe
• Teenage pregnancy has an association with infant
mortality, poor access to education, poverty, poor
maternal emotional health.
• Women currently have access to wide range of
contraception choices
• Effective contraception reduces the number of
unsafe abortions and to plan the size of their family
and space their pregnancy.
21. Clinical assessment of women
seeking contraception:
• Detailed menstrual & sexual history:
• In menstrual history:
• The pattern & duration of bleeding.
• Desire for regular cycle.
• Cervical screening.
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding prior to IUC or HC.
• Sexual history:
• Women under age 25 years.
• Have new sexual partner.
• High risk for STI.
22. • Past history
• Contraceptive history.
• Gynae & Obs.
• Breastfeeding & plan for future pregnancy.
• Any medical condition.
• Family & drug history.
• Detailed discussion regarding contraception its
efficacy, risks, benefits and attitude of her partner.
• Influence of lifestyle, social, cultural or religious
factors on contraception.
23. Clinical examination:
• Blood pressure measurement.
• Weight and calculation of body mass index (BMI).
• Routine screening for STIs is not required unless
women are symptomatic.
• Symptomatic women and high risk women should
be offered screening.
24. • It is important to bear in mind that the Catholic
Church has, as a tradition, condemned
contraception.
• In addition, several states still have laws that
prohibit selling contraceptives to minors.
• However, many people do not consider
contraception and sterilization to be moral issues.
25. • Contraception is a form of abortion.
• Some birth control techniques can operate by
preventing the implantation and development of a
fertilised egg.
• Those opposed to such methods say that this
amounts to an abortion, and that if abortion is
wrong then those forms of contraception must also
be wrong.
• The forms of contraception included in this
objection are:
• Some birth control pills; most modern birth control
pills _ the "morning-after" pill.
26.
27. OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS:
• All major denominations in America support the
morality of contraception as a personal and family
decision—one that helps to ensure responsible
parenthood and healthy families.
• Episcopal Church approved contraception for
purposes of family planning.
• United Methodist Church says that “each couple
has the right and the duty prayerfully and
responsibly to control conception according to their
circumstances.”
28. • Evangelical Lutheran Church of America supports
the use of safe, effective birth control methods and
believes that they encourage “responsible
procreation.”
• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints supports
all methods of contraception except surgical
sterilization.
• **Other Christian denominations that support
contraception include the United Church of Christ,
Unitarian Universalists, Mennonite Church USA,
and Church of the Brethren.
30. • Is the process of medically altering reproductive
organs so as to terminate the ability to produce
offspring.
• It may be the result of surgical intervention such as a
vasectomy (surgical removal or tying of the vas
deferens to prevent the passage of sperm) in the male
or a tubal ligation (tying the fallopian tubes) in the
female.
• While sterilization is usually considered an elective or
voluntary procedure, it can also be therapeutic,
incidental, or an involuntary action.
31. • Sterilization can be incidental if the procedure is
performed for another purpose, such as in the case
of a hysterectomy for uterine carcinoma.
• It can also be a side effect of treatments such as
chemotherapy.
32. • Voluntary Sterilization: Voluntary or elective
sterilization of competent persons presents few
legal problems— although there are religions that
oppose sterilization.
• Therapeutic sterilization is sought if the mother’s
health is in danger.
• Genetic reasons.
• Sign a special consent thirty days prior to having
the procedure.
33. • Eugenic (involuntary) sterilization, considered to
be unethical by most people, is the sterilization of
certain categories of persons, such as those who
are insane, cognitively impaired, or epileptic, in
order to assure that they won’t pass on the
defective gene to their children.
• Some states still authorize the involuntary
sterilization of wards of the state who are
genetically impaired.
• The procedure must be proven to the courts to be
in the best interests of the mentally disabled
person.
• Recent research demonstrates that most forms of
cognitive impairment are not hereditary.