1) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250 words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and question.  Include at least 2 APA-cited references.  Risks are part of most of our everyday living activities. Most of the decisions we make in life are connected to some form of risk we take daily. In many instances, we seek to take actions that are intended to avoid high risk situations and we apply methods to reduce the risks. Risk is defined in its broader context as “threat to the security of something” Narrowing this definition closer in U.S. homeland security framework, “is a threat to the nation’s security, such as adversarial states or terrorism; or a threat to human security, such as climate change, natural disaster or pandemic” (Parasiliti, 2017).   Lewis also defines risk as an expected loss, mathematically (gamma sub (i) representing the likelihood that an asset will suffer damage x consequence (Ci) representing the damage on an asset) the product of likelihood times consequence (Lewis, n.d). After 9/11, it became obvious that the nation critical infrastructures face multiple risks from many different sources. Risks on these critical assets emerged as a result of threats from terrorist groups, rogue regimes and natural events. The Department of Homeland Security Risks Management Fundamentals (2011) states that the safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, malicious activity in cyberspace, pandemics, manmade accidents, transnational crime, and natural disasters. It is the responsibility of the DHS to manage risks that could potentially cause major disasters on the nation. Having a full knowledge of these risks and assessing and managing them so that they have no or limited consequences on the nation’s critical assets are a few essentials of the benefits of the right approaches to managing risks. Decisions by stakeholders and policymakers are taken based on the amount of risk an asset may suffer. Every critical asset has some level of risks that are often very difficult to eliminate. The DHS assesses the level of risk each infrastructure is likely to face, the consequence or damage because of the risk. The higher the risk associated to a critical assess like the George Washington bridge in New Jersey or the airline industry could render the attempt for important decision making to reduce risks. Lewis (n.d.) shows that one risk informed decision-making strategy directs us to estimate risk according to all assets and rank them from highest risk receiving the large resource allocation to the lowest and stop when funds are limited. Lastly, it can be more effective in reducing risks on critical infrastructures when decisions are made that invest in a cross section of assets than a single risk based on the asset vulnerability. This may help in reducing some level of risks at several different assets than allocating resources to a single asset. ...

1. 1) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250
words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and
question. Include at least 2 APA-cited references.
Risks are part of most of our everyday living activities. Most of
the decisions we make in life are connected to some form of
risk we take daily. In many instances, we seek to take actions
that are intended to avoid high risk situations and we apply
methods to reduce the risks. Risk is defined in its broader
context as “threat to the security of something” Narrowing this
definition closer in U.S. homeland security framework, “is a
threat to the nation’s security, such as adversarial states or
terrorism; or a threat to human security, such as climate change,
natural disaster or pandemic” (Parasiliti, 2017). Lewis also
defines risk as an expected loss, mathematically (gamma sub (i)
representing the likelihood that an asset will suffer damage x
consequence (Ci) representing the damage on an asset) the
product of likelihood times consequence (Lewis, n.d). After
9/11, it became obvious that the nation critical infrastructures
face multiple risks from many different sources. Risks on these
critical assets emerged as a result of threats from terrorist
groups, rogue regimes and natural events. The Department of
Homeland Security Risks Management Fundamentals (2011)
states that the safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are
threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism,
malicious activity in cyberspace, pandemics, manmade
accidents, transnational crime, and natural disasters. It is the
responsibility of the DHS to manage risks that could potentially
cause major disasters on the nation. Having a full knowledge of
these risks and assessing and managing them so that they have
no or limited consequences on the nation’s critical assets are a
few essentials of the benefits of the right approaches to
managing risks.
Decisions by stakeholders and policymakers are taken based on

2. the amount of risk an asset may suffer. Every critical asset has
some level of risks that are often very difficult to eliminate. The
DHS assesses the level of risk each infrastructure is likely to
face, the consequence or damage because of the risk. The higher
the risk associated to a critical assess like the George
Washington bridge in New Jersey or the airline industry could
render the attempt for important decision making to reduce
risks. Lewis (n.d.) shows that one risk informed decision-
making strategy directs us to estimate risk according to all
assets and rank them from highest risk receiving the large
resource allocation to the lowest and stop when funds are
limited. Lastly, it can be more effective in reducing risks on
critical infrastructures when decisions are made that invest in a
cross section of assets than a single risk based on the asset
vulnerability. This may help in reducing some level of risks at
several different assets than allocating resources to a single
asset. Resources are allocated across all assets to reduce risk in
those assets. So, considering a single risk can be a mistake
when other critical infrastructures are left vulnerable. Assets
should either be ranked from highest to lowest with the highest
risk assets taking the larger resource allocation or resources are
expended across all asset to reduce minimum risks.
2) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250
words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and
question. Include at least 2 APA-cited references.
When examining only one risk factor in the decision-making
process it is important to determine how serious the situation is
that you are facing, Risks that involve implement the framework
of risk management is one way in which you can determine
which process to accept. When only one risk factor may be
necessary would be when the risk is not as severe. Risks are
identified based on frequency and severity. It may not require
all factors when one of the risk factors may be the solution to
the issue.By reviewing only one risk factor, there is potential to

3. miss important information. According to “Understanding Risk:
Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society” it states, “A
recurring criticism of risk characterizations is that the
underlying analysis failed to pay adequate attention to questions
of central concern to some of the interested and affected
parties” (Stern & Fineberg, 1996, p. 6). Some of the important
questions may not be answered if they fail to review all the risk
factors. By not reviewing all the risk factors associated with a
potential threat it could lead to failure. It is also important to
not avoid any potential risk factors that may lead to the root
cause of the threat. There is a need to assess the situation to
ensure the safety of everyone who may be affected by the
potential risk.