Rice is one of main food crops in the worlds so knowing about how is origin may important to the people engage in the agriculture extension or advisory or education

1. Rice Origin and Distribution
Tharaka Jayasinghe
Technical Sales Executive
A Baurs & Com (Pvt) Ltd

2. Outline
 History
 World Situation
 Present Situation
 Evolutionary Path
 Oryza glaberrima
 Oryza sativa

3. HISTORY
• Found -10,000 years ago
• Rice cultivation 6500 years ago
• First sign of cultivation about 5500 years ago
in China
• Thailand around 4500 B.C
• Also appeared,
Cambodia, Vietnam and southern India
• 20 wild rice spp

4. World status
• Rice is the 2nd largest produced cereal in the
world
• Rice production is about -661.81ml MT (2008)
• Average rice yield - 4.25 MT/ha (2008)
• Production is geographically concentrated in
Western and Easter Asia with more than 90
percent of world output and consumption

5. Present Condition
• Started as wild grown crop
• Today most popular variety - Oryza type
• Only two of them offer an agriculture
interest for humans:
-Oryza sativa
- Oryza glaberrima

6. Evolutionary pathway of
cultivated rice

7. Oryza glaberrima
• Oryza glaberrima- African rice
(domesticated rice species).
• Less known than Asian rice
• Originate after Asian rice
• Oryza glaberrima -grown in Africa

8. Oryza sativa
• A common Asian rice – Most popular
• Indica
-warm,
-semitropical
-tropical climate
• Main types- 3
• wild types- 20
• First originated type

9. Rice distribution in Asia.
• Place of origin of Asian rice to be in the area
from Assam of India extending to Yunnan of
China.
• Domestication of rice in Asia may have
occurred independently at about same time
• Domesticated three types of O.sativa spp.

11. Oryza indica
 In present most distributed type
 Extended to southern part of Assam then
migrated to southern and central part of
India.
 Mostly in Bengal area :Bengal series
 First type introduced to Sri Lanka in 513B.C
 Eg: Indo-china peninsula and china

12. Oryza japonica
Formed at downstream sites of Yangtze
river.
So it is Yangtze river series.
Extended to northern part of Assam due
to temperate climate.
E.g.: Korea, Japan, Russia and Syria etc.

13. Oryza javanica
Least distributed Asian type.
Tropical and temperate characters
Mostly extended to Indonesia
,Philippines and Myanmar

15.  Japonica and Indica expanded to other Asian
countries also:
-Korea
-Japan
- Myanmar -Pakistan
-Sri Lanka
- Philippines and
-Indonesia
 The Asian rice (Oryza sativa) was adapted to
farming in the Middle East and
Mediterranean Europe around 800 B.C.

16. Rice distribution in Africa
 African rice was domesticated 2,000-3,000
years ago in the Inland delta of the Upper
Niger river now in Mali
 The Asian rice species was introduced in West
Africa at around 1500 by the Portuguese
 The upper coastal part of West Africa was
historically known as the “Rice Coast”

17. Rice distribution in Africa
1961-75
1995-00
Share of cereal intake
Source FAO, WARDA
0%- 5%
5%- 10%
10%- 30%
30%- 50%

18. Top Ten Rice Producers by Country
• Together, China and India accounted for over half of the
world’s rice supply in 2006.
1. China
2. India
3. Indonesia
4. Bangladesh
5. Vietnam
6. Thailand
7. Myanmar
8. Philippines
9. Brazil
10. Japan
182 million tons (28.8% of global rice)
136.5 million tons (21.6%)
54.4 million tons (8.6%)
43.7 million tons (6.9%)
35.8 million tons (5.7%)
29.3 million tons (4.6%)
25.2 million tons (4%)
15.3 million tons (2.4%)
11.5 million tons (1.8%)
10.7 million tons (1.7%).

19. Paddy Production Distribution
(average 1999-2003)

21. Thank you
Email:-ranila_atm@yahoo.com