This document discusses different types of historical sources that can be used to understand the past. It defines fossils and artifacts as sources that provide clues about early humans since they left little technology behind. Primary sources are accounts created by witnesses, while secondary sources are created later by non-witnesses. Photographs can provide visual historical information but must be properly contextualized to avoid misinterpretation. It profiles several war photographers like Robert Capa who documented major conflicts to convey the human experience and violence of war.

1. Using Clues
Social Studies for 8th. EBG – Teacher:
Mauricio Torres

2. Different kinds of Clues
 Since the first humans left almost no
technology behind, their remains are called
fossil remains.
 It is a part of something that was once
alive.
 As humans evolved, they developed
technology and tools. These new sources
are called artifacts.
 These are objects created by and used by
humans.

3. Sources
 Noun: person, place or thing from which
something comes or is acquired.
 For example:
 Archaeologists look at the tree rings in
order to find the age of a tree or the period
of time, something wooden was built.

4. Primary Sources
 It is an account of an event created by
someone who took part in it or witnessed the
event.
 These may include:
 Treaties, diaries, letters, laws, court
documents, etc.
 Today, an audio or video recording can
count as such.

5. Secondary Source
 It is information gathered by someone who
did not take part or witness an event.
 These may include:
 History books, articles, encyclopedias and
teachers.

6. When sources disagree
 Sometimes sources may disagree with each
other.
 In the future, a historian can say president
Correa was the best president ever; while
another one may say he was the worst
evil that could have been delivered to us.
 This happens because we may have
different sources or interpretations.

7. Case Study: Photography as a source of
historical information
 Can we use photographs as a source of
historical information?
 Yes and no.
 They can be used as a very graphical way to
show history, but they can also be taken out
of context. This can easily lead to
misinterpretation of events.

8. Robert Capa
 He was a Jewish-Hungarian combat
photographer and photojournalist who
covered five different wars:
 The Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-
Japanese War, World War II across Europe,
the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and the First
Indochina War.
 He documented the course of World War II in:
 London, North Africa, Italy, the Battle of
Normandy on Omaha Beach and the
liberation of Paris.
 His action photographs, such as those taken
during the 1944 Normandy invasion, uniquely
portray the violence of war.

9. Spanish Civil War

10. James Nachtwey
 James Nachtwey is an American
photojournalist and war photographer.
 He is best known for his work documenting
wars, civil strife and other social conflicts.
His work has appeared in Time magazine
and in international solo exhibitions.
 Influenced by images of the Vietnam War
and the Civil Rights Movement

11. Rwandan Genocide

12. Optional task: Try your own!
 At home, use whatever resources you may
have and try to recreate an iconic
photograph from history.
 Do your best, but first research the
background of each image.
 Bring it to school so we can post it!

13. Another Example

14. Ask Yourself
 Define: What is a fossil?
 Draw conclusions: How do fossils and
artifacts help teach us about history?
 Evaluate: How can photography be used to
give us information?
 Analyze: How do you feel when you look at
the picture from Rwanda? Do you think that
was the photographer’s true intention?

15. Bibliography
 Burstein, S. M., & Shek, R. (2012). World
History (Teacher´s Edition) (1st Edition ed.).
(H. McDougal, Ed.) Orlando, Florida, US.:
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing
Company.
 Images taken from www.google.com