1) Several studies have traced the recruitment of monocytes into atherosclerotic plaques using labeling techniques. Gerrity et al labeled monocytes with FITC and found them adhered to thickened arterial sites. 2) Patel et al labeled macrophages with fluorescent microspheres and found them adhering to plaques in mice. Antibodies against ICAM-1 and integrin reduced monocyte homing. 3) Steinberg et al used a genetic marker to label donor monocytes, finding over 600 donor cells per million in early fatty streaks and over 3,800 in more advanced plaques.