Wheat is an essential food source in Tunisia, providing 54% of calories and 64% of daily protein intake. While Tunisia produces 20% of its bread wheat (BW) needs and 75% of its durum wheat (DW) needs, production is constrained by limited arable land, drought, heat stress, and diseases. Yield increases since the 1960s green revolution have come from new semi-dwarf varieties introduced from CIMMYT and ICARDA. Further increasing yields through improved varieties tolerant to stresses and better crop management will be needed to achieve food security with rising demand and limited scope for area expansion.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
Tunisia has Modern Standard Arabic as its official language while Tunisian Arabic is considered the native language. French also plays a major role in the country and Italian is understood. Islam is the dominant and official religion. Tunisia is located in Northern Africa between Algeria and Libya, with a climate ranging from temperate to desert. The economy depends on sectors like agriculture, mining, manufacturing and tourism.
This document summarizes activities of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in Tunisia. It outlines 12 main activities focused on improving agricultural sustainability, food security, and livelihoods in dryland areas. Key activities include conservation agriculture, small ruminant productivity, water and land productivity in irrigated systems, and policies on natural resources. Progress to date includes launching an innovation platform, establishing conservation agriculture and alley cropping trials, evaluating forage legumes, and assessing pasture species multiplication trials. The goal is to develop improved dryland agricultural systems and more resilient livelihoods in marginal dry areas.
Manage Vegetable Crops for a high-performance season discusses three ideas for optimizing micronutrient management in vegetable crops: 1) Using a seed-applied nutrient package to promote rapid and even emergence, 2) Applying nutrients as early as possible to feed the crop, and 3) Timing in-season applications to match the crop's nutrient needs. It highlights the importance of micronutrients like zinc, manganese, and boron and how Wolf Trax innovative nutrient products can help ensure adequate micronutrient levels through early application and flexible delivery methods.
This PowerPoint presentation provides images from various locations throughout Tunisia, highlighting the country's natural landscapes, historical sites, and cultural attractions. Some of the places featured include the towns of Tamerza, Matmata known for its cave dwellings, Sbeitla with its ruins, and Sousse on the coast. Historic sites such as the amphitheater in El Djem, Ribat of Harthema monastery, and theatre at Dougga are also briefly shown.
A Tunísia é uma república localizada no norte de África, com capital Tunes. Possui fronteiras com a Argélia e Líbia e costa no Mar Mediterrâneo. O árabe é a língua oficial e a moeda é o Dinar Tunisino. Os principais rios e montanhas são o Medjerda e Jebel ech Chambi.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
Tunisia has Modern Standard Arabic as its official language while Tunisian Arabic is considered the native language. French also plays a major role in the country and Italian is understood. Islam is the dominant and official religion. Tunisia is located in Northern Africa between Algeria and Libya, with a climate ranging from temperate to desert. The economy depends on sectors like agriculture, mining, manufacturing and tourism.
This document summarizes activities of the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in Tunisia. It outlines 12 main activities focused on improving agricultural sustainability, food security, and livelihoods in dryland areas. Key activities include conservation agriculture, small ruminant productivity, water and land productivity in irrigated systems, and policies on natural resources. Progress to date includes launching an innovation platform, establishing conservation agriculture and alley cropping trials, evaluating forage legumes, and assessing pasture species multiplication trials. The goal is to develop improved dryland agricultural systems and more resilient livelihoods in marginal dry areas.
Manage Vegetable Crops for a high-performance season discusses three ideas for optimizing micronutrient management in vegetable crops: 1) Using a seed-applied nutrient package to promote rapid and even emergence, 2) Applying nutrients as early as possible to feed the crop, and 3) Timing in-season applications to match the crop's nutrient needs. It highlights the importance of micronutrients like zinc, manganese, and boron and how Wolf Trax innovative nutrient products can help ensure adequate micronutrient levels through early application and flexible delivery methods.
This PowerPoint presentation provides images from various locations throughout Tunisia, highlighting the country's natural landscapes, historical sites, and cultural attractions. Some of the places featured include the towns of Tamerza, Matmata known for its cave dwellings, Sbeitla with its ruins, and Sousse on the coast. Historic sites such as the amphitheater in El Djem, Ribat of Harthema monastery, and theatre at Dougga are also briefly shown.
A Tunísia é uma república localizada no norte de África, com capital Tunes. Possui fronteiras com a Argélia e Líbia e costa no Mar Mediterrâneo. O árabe é a língua oficial e a moeda é o Dinar Tunisino. Os principais rios e montanhas são o Medjerda e Jebel ech Chambi.
This spatial analysis created six similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, soil type, population, market access, and agricultural potential. The domains showed relatively low average travel times to markets but noted constraints to input access could still limit yields. While current average yields are below 1.75 tons/ha, the analysis found a continued high potential yield gap across the regions. It identified spatial areas that would most benefit from extrapolating targeted farming technologies from the research locations.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
This document outlines plans for the Kolir Rice Project in Uganda, a commercial agriculture venture between Farland Investment Limited and local partners. The project will establish rice farming on 60,000 hectares of land in Kolir Sub County, with an initial 10,000 hectares cultivated in Phase 1. Phase 1 aims to produce 90,000 metric tons of paddy rice per year, export 43,400 metric tons of milled rice, and create jobs while developing local infrastructure and supporting small farmers. The project seeks to become East Africa's largest commercial rice grower and generate profits through efficient production and management.
This document summarizes the development of agriculture in Brazil and discusses potential impacts of climate change and policy alternatives. Key points:
1) Brazilian agriculture transformed from low production to highly productive through increased yields, new technologies, and expansion into new areas.
2) Climate change may impact crop yields and suitable land for agriculture in Brazil according to models, though effects are uncertain.
3) Brazil has implemented policies like its Agricultural and Livestock Plan to promote no-till farming, integrated systems, and degraded pasture recovery to mitigate emissions.
This document provides an overview of rice production and research in Suriname. It discusses the importance of rice as the staple food and key export, with annual production of around 250,000 tons. The country has favorable conditions for rice including fertile soils, sufficient water, and rice is grown in two seasons per year using direct seeding. The main objectives of the rice industry and research station ADRON are to increase productivity, improve quality, and reduce costs. ADRON has released several high-yielding varieties over the past few decades through pedigree breeding aimed at traits like yield, grain quality, and disease resistance.
The document discusses improving soil fertility and nutrient management in developing countries. It covers topics such as world fertilizer consumption trends from 1961-2002, the role of fertilizers in the Green Revolution, impacts of fertilizers on soil organic matter and the environment, and challenges with nutrient management in different regions of Asia and Africa. In particular, it notes that while fertilizer use has increased crop production globally, Africa has seen less progress and still struggles with widespread phosphorus and micronutrient deficiencies in many countries.
The evolution of mauritian agriculture till 1990Anusha Babooa
The evolution of Mauritian agriculture can be divided into four periods: the Portuguese/Dutch period starting in 1507, the French period beginning in 1715 which established sugarcane as the main crop, the British period from 1810-1968 which saw sugarcane production and the sugar industry greatly increase through incentives and improved technology, and the post-independence period from 1968-1990 where sugarcane/sugar remained the dominant crop/export but declined in economic importance as the country diversified into textiles, tourism, and financial services.
Presentations for CTA/WUR Inception Workshop on “Mainstreaming Tertiary Education in ACP ARD Policy Processes: Increasing Food Supply and Reducing Hunger”
A 'Plan B' for Food Security - The water variability connection, by Jan Lundq...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses critical issues around climate change, food security, and water resources in South Asia. It focuses on developing alternative strategies ("Plan B") to solely increasing food production, given uncertainties from climate change, population growth, and other factors. Specifically, it argues for reducing post-harvest losses and food waste by 50% as a more sustainable approach ("9th MDG") compared to production-focused plans. The document provides statistics and examples to support developing complementary strategies around food storage, transport, markets, and consumption patterns.
The document discusses strategies for increasing agricultural production and surplus in Ekiti State, Nigeria. It argues that investing in quality seedlings and distributing them freely to farmers could substantially increase crop yields within two farming seasons, leading to self-sufficiency and surplus. The government is encouraged to partner with the private sector to commercialize and industrialize the agricultural surplus, with the ultimate goal of a private sector-led agricultural economy.
What do women and men farmers want in their maize varietiesCIMMYT
Women farmers in Eastern Africa have different preferences than male farmers for traits in maize varieties. The document analyzes data from choice experiments conducted in Kenya to determine willingness to pay for various traits. Key findings include: Women do not prefer large grain size as much as men and value traits like storability and drought tolerance more. When socioeconomic factors are controlled for, men have a higher willingness to pay for closed tip ears. Women value drought tolerance and resistance to the striga weed twice as much as men. Men's willingness to pay for low nitrogen tolerance was much higher than women's. The top preferred traits overall were storability, drought tolerance, striga resistance, and lodging resistance.
Transforming Maize-legume Value Chains –A Business Case for Climate-Smart Ag...CIMMYT
CIMMYT Senior Cropping Systems Agronomist Christian Thierfelder presented on climate-smart agriculture in southern Africa in a webinar titled Climate Resilient Agriculture Success Stories – Making a Case for Scale Up.
Maize for Asian tropics: Chasing the moving targetCIMMYT
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for maize research and development in the Asian tropics. It notes the highly variable climate conditions maize faces, including drought, heat stress, excess moisture, and more frequent weather extremes due to climate change. It emphasizes the need for stress-resilient maize varieties and agronomic practices that can protect yields under both optimal and stressful conditions. The document outlines CIMMYT's efforts in stress-resilient maize breeding using new tools like high-throughput phenotyping, genomics, and doubled haploid technology integrated with conventional breeding methods. Close partnerships with various Asian countries and donors are highlighted as important for making progress on this "moving target" of maize improvement for the
Tropical maize genome: what do we know so far and how to use that informationCIMMYT
The document discusses tropical maize genomics, outlining what is currently known about tropical maize genomes from projects like the maize HapMaps. It describes how genomic information can be used to unlock genetic variation in tropical maize germplasm and drive molecular breeding efforts through approaches like genome-wide association studies, marker-assisted selection, and the development of multiple panels of SNP markers. The document also explores how plant breeding will increasingly be driven by big data and artificial intelligence.
Social inclusion of young people and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)...CIMMYT
The document outlines the agenda for the 13th Asian Maize Conference held in Ludhiana, Punjab, India from 8-10 October 2018. It discusses maize production trends globally and in key countries like China, USA, and Brazil. It also summarizes maize production in Nepal, highlighting challenges like low productivity. The author presents results from an experiment comparing Nutrient Expert recommendations to farmer practices, finding a significant yield increase using the former approach. The conclusion is that Nutrient Expert can help address efficient nutrient management and increase yields and profits for farmers.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in maizeCIMMYT
This document discusses a study that identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to shoot fly in maize. The researchers studied two maize inbred lines, CM143 and CM144, and their F2:3 progenies. They measured traits related to shoot fly resistance, such as egg count, leaf injury, and dead heart percentage, in the parents and progenies over time. Phenotypic correlations between traits were calculated. The progenies were genotyped using SSR markers and a genetic linkage map was constructed. QTL analysis identified several QTL associated with traits like leaf width, length, area, injury, and stem girth on different chromosomes. The QTL explained phenotypic variances ranging from 7-
Outbreak of Fusarium ear rot on Maize in ThailandCIMMYT
This study identified Fusarium verticillioides as the main causal agent of ear rot in maize in Thailand. Over two growing seasons, the fungus was isolated from fields in six locations, where disease incidence and severity varied. Sixty inbred maize lines were evaluated for resistance to F. verticillioides under artificial inoculation. Lines Ki30, Ki45 and Ki59 showed the lowest disease severity scores. Additionally, 20 pre-commercial and 3 commercial maize hybrids were evaluated for natural infection in field trials across locations. Variation in disease incidence and severity was observed among hybrids and locations.
This spatial analysis created six similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, soil type, population, market access, and agricultural potential. The domains showed relatively low average travel times to markets but noted constraints to input access could still limit yields. While current average yields are below 1.75 tons/ha, the analysis found a continued high potential yield gap across the regions. It identified spatial areas that would most benefit from extrapolating targeted farming technologies from the research locations.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
This document outlines plans for the Kolir Rice Project in Uganda, a commercial agriculture venture between Farland Investment Limited and local partners. The project will establish rice farming on 60,000 hectares of land in Kolir Sub County, with an initial 10,000 hectares cultivated in Phase 1. Phase 1 aims to produce 90,000 metric tons of paddy rice per year, export 43,400 metric tons of milled rice, and create jobs while developing local infrastructure and supporting small farmers. The project seeks to become East Africa's largest commercial rice grower and generate profits through efficient production and management.
This document summarizes the development of agriculture in Brazil and discusses potential impacts of climate change and policy alternatives. Key points:
1) Brazilian agriculture transformed from low production to highly productive through increased yields, new technologies, and expansion into new areas.
2) Climate change may impact crop yields and suitable land for agriculture in Brazil according to models, though effects are uncertain.
3) Brazil has implemented policies like its Agricultural and Livestock Plan to promote no-till farming, integrated systems, and degraded pasture recovery to mitigate emissions.
This document provides an overview of rice production and research in Suriname. It discusses the importance of rice as the staple food and key export, with annual production of around 250,000 tons. The country has favorable conditions for rice including fertile soils, sufficient water, and rice is grown in two seasons per year using direct seeding. The main objectives of the rice industry and research station ADRON are to increase productivity, improve quality, and reduce costs. ADRON has released several high-yielding varieties over the past few decades through pedigree breeding aimed at traits like yield, grain quality, and disease resistance.
The document discusses improving soil fertility and nutrient management in developing countries. It covers topics such as world fertilizer consumption trends from 1961-2002, the role of fertilizers in the Green Revolution, impacts of fertilizers on soil organic matter and the environment, and challenges with nutrient management in different regions of Asia and Africa. In particular, it notes that while fertilizer use has increased crop production globally, Africa has seen less progress and still struggles with widespread phosphorus and micronutrient deficiencies in many countries.
The evolution of mauritian agriculture till 1990Anusha Babooa
The evolution of Mauritian agriculture can be divided into four periods: the Portuguese/Dutch period starting in 1507, the French period beginning in 1715 which established sugarcane as the main crop, the British period from 1810-1968 which saw sugarcane production and the sugar industry greatly increase through incentives and improved technology, and the post-independence period from 1968-1990 where sugarcane/sugar remained the dominant crop/export but declined in economic importance as the country diversified into textiles, tourism, and financial services.
Presentations for CTA/WUR Inception Workshop on “Mainstreaming Tertiary Education in ACP ARD Policy Processes: Increasing Food Supply and Reducing Hunger”
A 'Plan B' for Food Security - The water variability connection, by Jan Lundq...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses critical issues around climate change, food security, and water resources in South Asia. It focuses on developing alternative strategies ("Plan B") to solely increasing food production, given uncertainties from climate change, population growth, and other factors. Specifically, it argues for reducing post-harvest losses and food waste by 50% as a more sustainable approach ("9th MDG") compared to production-focused plans. The document provides statistics and examples to support developing complementary strategies around food storage, transport, markets, and consumption patterns.
The document discusses strategies for increasing agricultural production and surplus in Ekiti State, Nigeria. It argues that investing in quality seedlings and distributing them freely to farmers could substantially increase crop yields within two farming seasons, leading to self-sufficiency and surplus. The government is encouraged to partner with the private sector to commercialize and industrialize the agricultural surplus, with the ultimate goal of a private sector-led agricultural economy.
Similar to Wheat and food security perspectives in Tunisia (13)
What do women and men farmers want in their maize varietiesCIMMYT
Women farmers in Eastern Africa have different preferences than male farmers for traits in maize varieties. The document analyzes data from choice experiments conducted in Kenya to determine willingness to pay for various traits. Key findings include: Women do not prefer large grain size as much as men and value traits like storability and drought tolerance more. When socioeconomic factors are controlled for, men have a higher willingness to pay for closed tip ears. Women value drought tolerance and resistance to the striga weed twice as much as men. Men's willingness to pay for low nitrogen tolerance was much higher than women's. The top preferred traits overall were storability, drought tolerance, striga resistance, and lodging resistance.
Transforming Maize-legume Value Chains –A Business Case for Climate-Smart Ag...CIMMYT
CIMMYT Senior Cropping Systems Agronomist Christian Thierfelder presented on climate-smart agriculture in southern Africa in a webinar titled Climate Resilient Agriculture Success Stories – Making a Case for Scale Up.
Maize for Asian tropics: Chasing the moving targetCIMMYT
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for maize research and development in the Asian tropics. It notes the highly variable climate conditions maize faces, including drought, heat stress, excess moisture, and more frequent weather extremes due to climate change. It emphasizes the need for stress-resilient maize varieties and agronomic practices that can protect yields under both optimal and stressful conditions. The document outlines CIMMYT's efforts in stress-resilient maize breeding using new tools like high-throughput phenotyping, genomics, and doubled haploid technology integrated with conventional breeding methods. Close partnerships with various Asian countries and donors are highlighted as important for making progress on this "moving target" of maize improvement for the
Tropical maize genome: what do we know so far and how to use that informationCIMMYT
The document discusses tropical maize genomics, outlining what is currently known about tropical maize genomes from projects like the maize HapMaps. It describes how genomic information can be used to unlock genetic variation in tropical maize germplasm and drive molecular breeding efforts through approaches like genome-wide association studies, marker-assisted selection, and the development of multiple panels of SNP markers. The document also explores how plant breeding will increasingly be driven by big data and artificial intelligence.
Social inclusion of young people and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)...CIMMYT
The document outlines the agenda for the 13th Asian Maize Conference held in Ludhiana, Punjab, India from 8-10 October 2018. It discusses maize production trends globally and in key countries like China, USA, and Brazil. It also summarizes maize production in Nepal, highlighting challenges like low productivity. The author presents results from an experiment comparing Nutrient Expert recommendations to farmer practices, finding a significant yield increase using the former approach. The conclusion is that Nutrient Expert can help address efficient nutrient management and increase yields and profits for farmers.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in maizeCIMMYT
This document discusses a study that identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to shoot fly in maize. The researchers studied two maize inbred lines, CM143 and CM144, and their F2:3 progenies. They measured traits related to shoot fly resistance, such as egg count, leaf injury, and dead heart percentage, in the parents and progenies over time. Phenotypic correlations between traits were calculated. The progenies were genotyped using SSR markers and a genetic linkage map was constructed. QTL analysis identified several QTL associated with traits like leaf width, length, area, injury, and stem girth on different chromosomes. The QTL explained phenotypic variances ranging from 7-
Outbreak of Fusarium ear rot on Maize in ThailandCIMMYT
This study identified Fusarium verticillioides as the main causal agent of ear rot in maize in Thailand. Over two growing seasons, the fungus was isolated from fields in six locations, where disease incidence and severity varied. Sixty inbred maize lines were evaluated for resistance to F. verticillioides under artificial inoculation. Lines Ki30, Ki45 and Ki59 showed the lowest disease severity scores. Additionally, 20 pre-commercial and 3 commercial maize hybrids were evaluated for natural infection in field trials across locations. Variation in disease incidence and severity was observed among hybrids and locations.
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical & Physiological Responses of Maize Genoty...CIMMYT
This study compared the biochemical and physiological responses of six maize genotypes under waterlogging stress conditions. The genotypes differed in their canopy cover, chlorophyll content, membrane damage, and antioxidant enzyme activity when exposed to waterlogging over six days. CML 54 x CML 487, BIL 219 and CML 487 showed the best performance under stress, with higher antioxidant enzyme activities and less membrane damage and chlorophyll loss. CML 54 and CML 486 were the most susceptible. The tolerant genotypes will be targets for future breeding programs to develop waterlogging tolerance in maize.
1. CIMMYT genotyped its entire maize germplasm bank collection of 28,000 accessions to better understand genetic diversity and identify alleles of breeding value.
2. Genomic and environmental data is being used to conduct genome-wide association studies and environmental GWAS to find genetic variations associated with traits like drought tolerance.
3. Selected accessions are undergoing pre-breeding to transfer useful alleles to elite lines and develop populations with improved stress resistance and other traits for breeders.
4. Products like catalogues of tolerant accessions are being made available to breeders, researchers, and genebanks to facilitate use of genetic resources.
This document summarizes the objectives and methodology of a study evaluating the effects of char, a byproduct of coal burning, in nitrogen management of maize soils in a semi-arid region. The study aims to: 1) Measure nitrogen losses from loam and sandy loam soils amended with various rates of char, 2) Evaluate the effect of char on maize fertilized with urea and manure in fields, and 3) Test sensors to estimate maize nitrogen status throughout growth stages. The results are expected to optimize nitrogen fertilizer use, increase nitrogen use efficiency and maize yields, and provide a tool to help small-holder farmers.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
1. Wheat and food security
perspectives in Tunisia
M.S Gharbi* & H. Ben Salah
Field Crop Laboratory, National Institute Of Agriculture Research, Tunisia
*gahrbi.wheatpro@gmail.com
INRAT
2. Wheat is an essential food source
- 54 % calories
- 64% daily protein intake
3. General data
Population: 11 millions
Arable land: 4.5 millions ha
Area grown to cereals: 1.5 million ha
Among the highest per capita wheat consumption
rate: ~200 kg
Tunisia produces: 20% BW needs
75 % DW needs
5. Relative importance of major cereal crops
All cereals 1.5 millions Ha
(30 % of the arable land)
BA
0.55 m ha DW
(37%) 0.8 m ha
BW (53%)
0.14 m ha
(10%)
8. Link to the Green revolution
First Mexican BW introductions 1965 through FAO.
3rd ISWYN in 1966.
Dr. N. Borlaug visits: 1966 and 1968.
First CIMMYT semi-dwarf BWs in large scale cultivation
40% yield increase compaired to traditional varieties.
Tunisia-USAID-FF-CIMMYT ‘’Projet Blé’’ 1968-1972.
(BW + DW)
CIMMYT DW& BW germplasm without interruption since 1966.
ICARDA starting from 1980
10. D . W. KARIM RAZZAK KHIAR OMRABI NASR MAALI SALIM
ORIGIN CIMMYT TUNISIA CIMMYT ICARDA ICARDA/TU TUNISIA TUNISIA
RELEASED 1980 1987 1992 1996 2004 2007 2009
EIGHT YEARS (2004-2011) AVERAGE YIELD in Beja
YIELD (%Kar) 4.31 4.21 4.33 4.66 5.01 5.45 5.47
(100) (98) (100.5) (108) (116.3) (126.5) (126.8)
THE PLANT
EARLINESS EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY
HIGHT SHORT SHORT SHORT MID TALL MID TALL MID TALL SHORT
THE GRAIN
SP. WEIGHT HIGH HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH HIGH
PROTEIN.C MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM
YELLOW .I LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGHT LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM
GLUTEN LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH
RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE TO STRESSES
SEPTORIA SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE RESISTANT INTERMEDIATE RESISTANT
L. RUST SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE SUCEPTIBLE INTERMEDIATE RESISTANT
Y.RUST RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT SUCEPTIBLE RESISTANT INTERMEDIATE RESISTANT
DROUGHT SUCEPTIBLE TOLERANT SUCEPTIBLE TOLERANT SUCEPTIBLE TOLERANT SUCEPTIBLE
11. Bread Wheat
SALAMMBO BYRSA VAGA UTIQUE HAIDRA TAHENT
CIMMYT CIMMYT CIMMYT CIMMYT TUNISIA CIMMYT
ORIGIN
RELEASED 1980 1987 1992 1996 2004 2009
FOUR YEARS (2006-2007-2010-2011) AVERAGE YIELD in Beja
YIELD (%Utique) 43.5 - - 53.1 52.8 54.5
(82%) (100 %) (99.5%) (105.6%)
THE PLANT
EARLINESS EARLY MID LATE EARLY EARLY EARLY EARLY
HIGHT SEMI DWARF SEMI DWARF SEMI DWARF SEMI DWARF SEMI DWARF SEMI DWARF
THE GRAIN
Gluten Strength MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH
RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE TO STRESSES
SEPTORIA RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT
L. RUST RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT SUCEPTIBLE RESISTANT
Y.RUST RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT RESISTANT
DROUGHT TOLERANT SUCEPTIBLE TOLERANT TOLERANT TOLERANT TOLERANT
14. Constraints to wheat production (1)
Limited area
No possibility for area expansion
Abiotic constraints: Mostly semi arid area
Drought ( rainfall amount /distribution)
and terminal heat stress are major yield limiting factors
15. Constraints to wheat production (2)
Biotic constraints:
Foliar diseases
(Septoria, Leaf rust, Yellow rust, Tan spot)
Crown and root diseases
(Fusarium sps, nemathodes…)
Insects (Hessian fly)
16. Constraints to wheat production (3)
Under optimum crop management mainly nitrogen fertilizer and
weed control
Limited water resources for irrigation
17. Wheat research
Wheat research dates back to the end of the 19th
century.
95 % of the wheat area is grown to semi-dwarf
high yielding varieties.
Strong collaboration with international centers
(CIMMYT & ICARDA).
18. Research topics
Breeding: Strong Durum and Bread Wheat
breeding programs (Yield potential, disease
resistance, drought & heat tolerance, quality).
Use of molecular biology tools (Marker Assisted
Selection, Double Haploid production…)
Crop management: Fertilizer & water use
efficiency, disease and weed control, conservation
agriculture.
Conservation of biodiversity:
New Gene bank
19. PROSPECTS AND NEEDED ACTIONS FOR
ACHIVING FOOD SECURITY (1)
Increasing demand for wheat grain
Limited scope for area increase
Increasing yield is therefore a must to Tunisian cereal
sector
Significant yield gap still exist in all production
environments.
Improved crop management is the main source of yield
and production gains.
20. PROSPECTS AND NEEDED ACTIONS FOR
ACHIVING FOOD SECURITY (2)
Breeding new high yielding varieties with
improved drought and heat tolerance will help
valorize better input use
Adoption of new production technologies
such as conservation agriculture will surely
help preserve natural and input resources.
Use of new biotechnology tools (Marker
Assisted Selection, Double Haploid etc…) can
accelerate new germplasm development.