This document discusses microwave sensors and their applications. Microwave sensors use electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range to sense targets and environments. They have advantages like all-weather operation and the ability to penetrate materials. The document describes different types of microwave sensors like Doppler radar sensors, continuous wave radar sensors, and imaging radar sensors. It also discusses applications in areas such as weather forecasting, automotive systems, medical imaging, and more. Finally, it covers future trends in microwave sensor technology such as miniaturization and higher frequencies.
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
Introduction to the Basic Principles of Positioning Technology lansitec
Nowadays, one parameter is missing from many scenarios, car rental, assets in warehouses, packages and containers in logistics, hospital personnel, and people who are injured but cannot be reached in an accident.
This parameter connects and automates many processes that fell apart before, improves efficiency and safety, and lowers the cost of the total flow, which in turn improves the competitiveness of the organization, customer satisfaction, and the comfort of employees. It can be widely used in industry, agriculture, logistics, consumer electronics, and aerospace.
For More:
https://www.lansitec.com/whitepapers/lansitec-whitepaper-introduction-to-the-basic-principles-of-positioning-technology/
passive and active remote sensing systems, characteristics and operationsNzar Braim
passive and active remote sensing systems,
characteristics and operations
The development of remote sensing technologies increases the potential to support more
precise, efficient, and ecologically-sensitive approaches to forest resource management. One of
the primary requirements of precision forest management is accurate and detailed 3D spatial
data relating to the type and condition of forest stands and characteristics of the underlying
terrain surface.
LIDAR is an acronym for light detection and ranging. It is an optical remote sensing technology used to examine the surface of the earth, often using pulses from a laser.
Actual radar systems are built with high-power transmitters and receivers, huge antennae, complex processing systems using digital signal processors and large displays.
The system can monitor an area of limited range and alerts authorities with a buzzer as an alarm. For this purpose we use a microcontroller circuit that is connected to an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor for monitoring.
This microcontroller based ultrasonic radar circuit demonstrates the working of a radar system. It uses ultrasonic waves to detect an object and measure its distance and displays the same on a 16*2 LCD screen.
Due to the increasing number of private cars in today's society, there are a lot of
safety problems in car reversing. This paper proposes a research program of ultrasonic
ranging car reversing radar system with higher accuracy and better warning effect. According
to the principle of ultrasonic ranging, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is selected as
the core circuit, and the anti-interference error processing is adopted in the processing of the
single-chip microcomputer to solve the multiple measurement, the transmission time interval
and the dead zone measurement problem of the ultrasonic ranging. Car reversing radar
system based on ultrasonic ranging adopt transmitting and receiving circuit, will determine
the time difference in the single chip microcomputer. the results are sent to the digital display
circuit and voice broadcast circuit. Finally, it is verified by experiments that after ultrasonic
error measurement adopts error processing, under the complicated environmental conditions,
the accuracy of ranging is higher, the number of false alarms is reduced, and the device has
high reliability and practicability.
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
Introduction to the Basic Principles of Positioning Technology lansitec
Nowadays, one parameter is missing from many scenarios, car rental, assets in warehouses, packages and containers in logistics, hospital personnel, and people who are injured but cannot be reached in an accident.
This parameter connects and automates many processes that fell apart before, improves efficiency and safety, and lowers the cost of the total flow, which in turn improves the competitiveness of the organization, customer satisfaction, and the comfort of employees. It can be widely used in industry, agriculture, logistics, consumer electronics, and aerospace.
For More:
https://www.lansitec.com/whitepapers/lansitec-whitepaper-introduction-to-the-basic-principles-of-positioning-technology/
passive and active remote sensing systems, characteristics and operationsNzar Braim
passive and active remote sensing systems,
characteristics and operations
The development of remote sensing technologies increases the potential to support more
precise, efficient, and ecologically-sensitive approaches to forest resource management. One of
the primary requirements of precision forest management is accurate and detailed 3D spatial
data relating to the type and condition of forest stands and characteristics of the underlying
terrain surface.
LIDAR is an acronym for light detection and ranging. It is an optical remote sensing technology used to examine the surface of the earth, often using pulses from a laser.
Actual radar systems are built with high-power transmitters and receivers, huge antennae, complex processing systems using digital signal processors and large displays.
The system can monitor an area of limited range and alerts authorities with a buzzer as an alarm. For this purpose we use a microcontroller circuit that is connected to an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor for monitoring.
This microcontroller based ultrasonic radar circuit demonstrates the working of a radar system. It uses ultrasonic waves to detect an object and measure its distance and displays the same on a 16*2 LCD screen.
Due to the increasing number of private cars in today's society, there are a lot of
safety problems in car reversing. This paper proposes a research program of ultrasonic
ranging car reversing radar system with higher accuracy and better warning effect. According
to the principle of ultrasonic ranging, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is selected as
the core circuit, and the anti-interference error processing is adopted in the processing of the
single-chip microcomputer to solve the multiple measurement, the transmission time interval
and the dead zone measurement problem of the ultrasonic ranging. Car reversing radar
system based on ultrasonic ranging adopt transmitting and receiving circuit, will determine
the time difference in the single chip microcomputer. the results are sent to the digital display
circuit and voice broadcast circuit. Finally, it is verified by experiments that after ultrasonic
error measurement adopts error processing, under the complicated environmental conditions,
the accuracy of ranging is higher, the number of false alarms is reduced, and the device has
high reliability and practicability.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. Military Institute of Science and
Technology
Microwave Theory and Techniques
EECE 6502
2. Microwave Sensors: Advancing Technology
for Enhanced Sensing and Automation
Instructor:
Lt. Col. Md. Aminul Islam, PhD,
EME
Instructor Class ‘A’ (Associate
Professor)
Department of EECE
Military Institute of Science and
Technology
Presenter:
H.M. Maruf Rahman Shuvo
Student ID: 0423160001
Department of EECE
MSc. in EECE
Military Institute of Science and
Technology
3. Overview of Microwave Sensors
Microwave Sensors: A class of remote sensing devices that
utilize electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range
for various applications.
How Microwave Sensors Work:
Microwave Sensors work through the interaction of microwave
radiation with the target or environment. A transmitter generates
gigahertz frequency microwave signals and sends them out. These
signals can penetrate materials like plastics, glass, and fabrics.
When they encounter an object or boundary, they interact, causing
reflection, refraction, diffraction, or absorption. The receiver
captures the modified signals, extracting valuable information
about the target's properties or environmental conditions.
4. Key Characteristics:
• Non-Contact Sensing
• All-Weather Operation
• High Penetration Capability
• Fast Response Time
• High Accuracy and Precision
Types of Microwave sensors:
i. Doppler Radar Sensors
ii. Continuous Wave Radar Sensors
iii. Imaging Radar Sensors
5. Doppler Radar Sensor
RCWL-9196
Principle of Operation:
The Doppler radar sensor operates based on
the "Doppler Effect”. When the sensor
emits microwave signals towards a moving
target, the frequency of the reflected waves
changes based on the target's velocity. If the
target is moving towards the sensor, the
frequency of the reflected waves increases
(higher pitch).If the target is moving away
from the sensor, the frequency of the
reflected waves decreases (lower pitch).By
analyzing these frequency shifts, the sensor
can determine the target's speed and
direction of movement.
Applications:
• Traffic Speed
Measurement
• Weather Radar
• Sports and Health
care
• Security and
Surveillance
• Automotive Safety
6. Continuous Wave Radar Sensors
Principle of Operation:
Continuous Wave (CW) radar sensors
emit a continuous microwave signal
without interruption. The sensor
simultaneously transmits and receives
signals, measuring the frequency
difference between the transmitted and
received waves. When the signal
encounters a target, it reflects back to
the sensor, resulting in a frequency shift
known as the Doppler Effect. By
analyzing this frequency shift, the CW
radar can determine the target's velocity
and direction of movement.
AWR-1843
Applications:
• Speed Measurement
• Motion Detection
• Level Measurement
• Altimetry
• FMCW Radar
7. Imaging Radar Sensors
Principle of Operation:
Imaging Radar systems use the principles
of radar technology to capture and process
reflected signals from objects in the radar's
field of view. Unlike traditional radar that
provides range and velocity information,
imaging radar collects data from multiple
angles to create detailed images of the
target area. The radar's antenna emits
electromagnetic waves, which bounce off
objects and return as echoes to the sensor.
By analyzing the time delay, amplitude, and
phase of these echoes, the imaging radar
system constructs high-resolution images.
Applications:
• Earth Observation
• Weather Radar
• Synthetic Aperture
Radar
• Planetary Exploration
8. Applications of Microwave Sensors
• Motion Detection and Security Systems
• Automotive Collision Avoidance Systems
• Weather Forecasting and Monitoring
• Industrial Level Measurement and Control
• Medical Imaging Applications
• Air Traffic Control and Navigation
• Ground Penetrating Radar
• Remote Sensing and Earth Observation
• Satellite Communication
• Aerospace and Defense
• Traffic Speed Measurement
• Short-range Wireless Communication
9. Advantages of Microwave Sensors:
• All-weather Operation
• Not-contact Sensing
• High Accuracy and Precision
• Wide area coverage
• Immune to dust, smoke and most environmental factors
Limitations of Microwave Sensors:
• Vulnerable to interface
• Limited resolution for some applications
• Power consumption
10. Comparison with other sensing
Technologies
1. Microwave Sensors:
- All-weather operation
- Longer range
- Penetrate obstacles
2. Infrared Sensors:
- Limited by environmental factors
- Shorter range
- Higher resolution for motion and temperature
3. Ultrasonic Sensors:
- Non-contact
- Best for indoor distance measurement
11. 4. LiDAR Sensors:
- High-resolution imaging
- Affected by fog and dust
5. Optical Sensors:
- Require line-of-sight
- High-resolution imaging
6. Passive Sensors:
- Rely on natural radiation
- Used in Earth observation and astronomy
12. Future Trends in Microwave Sensor
Technology
1. Miniaturization and Integration
2. Enhanced Signal Processing
3. Higher Frequencies and Bandwidths
4. 5G and Beyond
5. Advanced Imaging Techniques
6. Cognitive Radar
7. Improved Energy Efficiency
8. Quantum Radar
9. Environmental Sensing
10.Space Applications
13. Conclusion
In conclusion, the future of microwave sensors holds great
promise. Advancements in miniaturization, signal processing,
higher frequencies, and integration with 5G and cognitive radar
will lead to more intelligent and versatile sensors. Quantum radar
and improved energy efficiency will further enhance their
capabilities. Microwave sensors are set to revolutionize industries,
from environmental monitoring to space exploration and
autonomous systems, offering transformative applications and
pushing the boundaries of sensing technology.