43. CUNINGHAM / UNIVERSAL-
PERMANANT
8 9
CI CI
7
LI
10
LI
6
C
11
C
12
1PM
5
1PM
4
2PM
13
2PM
RU LU
RL LL
14 15 16
1M 2M 3M
3
1M
2
2M
1
3M
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
44. TEMPORARY DENTITION
CI CI
CI CI
LI
LI
LI
LI
C
C
C
C
1M
1M
1M
1M
2M
2M
2M
2M
RU LU
RL LL
E
D
C
B
A
P
Q
R
S
T
F G H I J
K
L
M
N
O
45. NAVY- PERMANANT
8 9
CI CI
7
LI
10
LI
6
C
11
C
12
1PM
5
1PM
4
2PM
13
2PM
RU LU
RL LL
14 15 16
1M 2M 3M
3
1M
2
2M
1
3M
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
46. TEMPORARY DENTITION
CI CI
CI CI
LI
LI
LI
LI
C
C
C
C
1M
1M
1M
1M
2M
2M
2M
2M
RU LU
RL LL
E
D
C
B
A
O
N
M
L
K
F G H I J
T
S
R
Q
P
47. • Most Common Points for Comparison Include
1. The no. of teeth – Missing, impacted,
supernumerary
2. Restorations & Prosthesis – Tooth no., surfaces
involved, dental materials used - type of material,
no. of replaced teeth.
3. Dental Caries – Surface & configuration
4. Malposition & Rotation
5. Anomalous tooth formation – extra cusps, peg-
shaped incisors, fused teeth – imp. Characteristics
48. 6. Root canal therapy – Type of filling material used,
imperfections of the canal
7. Bone pattern – Medullary bone, max. sinus
configurations
8. Occlusion – Overbite, overjet
9. Oral Pathology – enamel hypoplasia, drug induced gingival
hyperplasia etc.
10. Occupational Changes & Socioeconomic Pattern of the
Dentition
- Notching of the incisal edges of the incisors –
hair dressers, carpenters, shoe-makers, tailors, electrician, etc
- Generalised attrition of teeth – workers in sand blasters
- Socioeconomic status – multiple crowns, gold
restoration, RCT, Fixed partial dentures etc.
50. • TEETH LOST BEFORE AND AFTER DEATH
If margins of empty sockets are unresorbed and
sharp means lost after death
51. • DETERMINATION OF RACE
CHINESE:
1.Wide arch
2.Enamel extension
between roots of molars
3.Five cusped third molars
EUROPEANS:
1. Narrow arch & crowding
SOUTH AFRICANS: Tall pulp chambers
52. MONGOLOID:
1.Occlusal enamel pearls in
premolars
2.Missing mand. incisors
3.Shovel-shaped incisors
AMERICAN INDIANS:
1. Marked attrition
2. Shovel-shaped
incisors
3. Large teeth
53. Metric [ Tooth size ]
Measurements
Non Metric [ Tooth Shape ]
Presence or absence of a particular
feature eg:- Cusp of carabelli- EXTRA
CUSP-MAXILLARY MOLAR
Influenced by local environmental
factors eg:-
missing lat. Incisors causes
compensatory increase in central
incisors,
Lack of space result in compression
of third molars.
heritable, more dependable
BROADLY CATEGORIZED AS
54. SEX DIFFERENCES IN TOOTH SIZE
Generally teeth are smaller in females
Teeth – used for differentiating sex by measuring
mesiodistal & buccolingual dimensions
Canines – show max. sex difference
Mandibular Canines show greatest dimensional
difference, being larger in males
55. AGE ESTIMATION IN IN ADULT
• Gustafson’s method
• Boyde’s method
• Stacks method
57. • INCISORS – MOST SUITABLE
• MOLAR – NOT SUITABLE
1 TOOTH
EXTRACT
WASH
2 3% H2O2 RESIN GROUND
3 1MM-
TRANSPARENCY
100 MICRO
METER
ALREADY PLOTTED REGRESSION CHART
58. AGE ESTIMATION IN PRENATAL, NEONATAL
AND EARLY POST NATAL CHILD
1. Primary tooth germ begins to form at seven
weeks in utero(IU) & enamel formation of all
deciduous teeth complete by first year.
2. Permanent tooth germ begins to form at 3.5 to 4
months IU
3. Prenatal age estimation uses histological
techniques, enables observation of tooth
mineralization upto 12 weeks before it is apparent
on radiographs
63. IDENTIFICATION IN MASS DISASTERS
• Disasters: refers to natural calamities such as
earthquakes, floods and tsunami and accidental
or man-made events such as airplane crashes or
terrorist attacks-that result in multiple human
fatalities. Such incidents require identification of
the postmortem remains due to severe
mutilation
64. Almost 50% of identifications in
disasters are from dental evidence.
