The document discusses wear and techniques to improve wear resistance. It defines different types of wear including adhesive, abrasive, corrosive, surface fatigue, and erosion wear. Traditional techniques to improve wear resistance such as painting, electroplating, and galvanization are described. More advanced techniques like physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, and laser coating are also summarized. The presentation provides details on each technique and their effects on wear resistance.

1. Presentation on Wear and
Improvement in Wear Resistance
1/27/2021 Shivam Pandey PGMSE/1750161
1
Submitted by
Shivam Pandey
PGMSE 1750161
Submitted to
Prof. P.K. Singh
Assoc. Prof. Amrik Singh
Subject Code- ME 826

2. Context
 Wear And Its types.
 Various techniques to improve wear resistance.
 Traditional techniques.
 Advanced techniques.
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3. Wear
Wear- progressive volume loss of material from the target
surface.
TYPES OF WEAR
 Adhesive Wear
 Abrasive Wear
 Corrosive Wear
 Surface Fatigue Wear
 Erosion wear
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4. Adhesive wear
 Adhesive wear is the only universal form of wear. It arises
from the fact that, during sliding, regions of adhesive
bonding, called junctions, from between the sliding
surfaces. If one of these junctions does not break along its
original interface, then a portion from one of the sliding
surfaces will have been transferred to the other surface. In
this way, an adhesive wear particle will have been formed.
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Adhesive Wear

5. Abrasive wear
 Abrasive wear is produced by a hard, sharp surface
sliding against a softer one and digging out a groove.
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Abrasive wear

6. Corrosive wear
 Corrosive wear arises when a sliding surface is in a
corrosive environment, and the sliding action continuously
removes the protective corrosion layer, thus exposing the
fresh surface to further corrosive attack. It occurs as a
result of chemical reaction on a wearing surface. The most
common type of corrosion is mainly due to the reaction
between metal and oxygen. These oxides are wiped away
with the flow and cause pitting of the surfaces.
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Corrosive wear

7. Surface Fatigue Wear
 Surface fatigue wear occurs as result of the formation
and growth of cracks. It is the main form of wear of
rolling devices such as ball bearings, wheels on rails, and
gears. During continued rolling, a crack forms at or just
below the surface and gradually grows, until a large
particle is lifted right out of the surface.
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Surface fatigue wear

8. Erosion wear
 Erosion wear can be defined as progressive loss of
original material from a solid surface, due to
mechanical interaction between the surface and a
fluid, a multi-component fluid or impinging liquid
or a solid particle.
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Erosion Wear

9. Types of Erosion Wear
 Solid Particle Erosion
 Slurry Erosion
 Cavitation Erosion
 Liquid Impingement Erosion
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10. Various Techniques To Improve
Wear Resistance
Traditional Advanced
 Painting
 Electroplating
 Galvanizing
 Thermal or Plasma Spray
 Physical vapor deposition
 Chemical vapor deposition
 Cryogenic treatment
 Ion implantation
 Ion beam assisted
deposition
 Ion beam mixing
 Laser coating
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11. Painting
 Painting is the practice of
applying paint, pigment,
colour or other medium to
a surface.
 The medium is commonly
applied to the base with a
brush, but other
implements, such as
knives, sponges, &
airbrushes can be used.
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Painting

12. Electroplating
 Electroplating is a process that
uses electric current to reduce
dissolved metal cations so that
they form a coherent metal
coating on an electrode.
 Electroplating is primarily used to
change the surface properties of
an object but may also be used to
build up thickness on undersized
parts or to form object by
electroforming.
 The process used is electroplating
is also called electrodeposition.
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Electroplating

13. Galvanization
 Galvanization is the process of
protective zinc coating to steel
prevent rusting.
 The most common method
galvanization, in which parts are
submerged in a bath of molten
zinc.
 Galvanizing protects in two way
 It forms a coating of corrosion
resistance zinc which prevents
corrosive substances from
reaching the more delicate part of
the metal.
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Galvanization

14. Thermal Spraying
 Thermal spraying techniques are
coating processes in which melted
material are sprayed onto a surface.
 The “feedstock” is heated by electrical
(plasma or arc) or chemical process
(combustion flame).
 Thermal spraying can provide thick
coating ( 20 µm) over a large area at
high deposition rate as compared to
other coating process.
 Coating materials Alloys, Ceramics,
Plastics & Composites.
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Thermal spray

15. Plasma Spray
 They are fed in powder or
wire form, heated to a
molten or semi molten state
and accelerated towards
substrates in the form of
micrometre-size particles.
 Disadvantages of the plasma
spray process are relative
high cost and complexity of
process.
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Plasma spray

16. Physical vapor deposition
 A type of Vacuum deposition
process where a material is
vaporized in a vacuum chamber,
transported atom by atom across
the chamber to the substrate, and
condensed into a film at the
substrate’s surface.
 It is generally used to improve
hardness, wear resistance &
oxidation resistance used in
Aerospace, Automotive, Surgical,
Dies, & moulds for all manner of
material cutting tools, firearms,
optics & watches.
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Physical vapor deposition

17. Chemical vapor deposition
 Chemical vapour deposition is a
chemical process used to
produce high quality high
performance, solid materials.
 In typical CVD, the substrate is
exposed to one or more volatile
precursors, which react and
decompose on the subtract
surface to produce the desired
deposit frequently, volatile by-
products are also produced,
which are remove by gas.
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Chemical vapor deposition

18. Cryogenic Coating
 A cryogenic treatment is the process of treating
workpieces to cryogenic temperature in order to
remove residual stresses and improve wear
resistance.
 Cryogenic treatment is also sought for its ability to
improve corrosion resistance.
 Some of the benefits of cryogenic treatment
include longer part life, less failure due to cracking,
improved thermal properties, better electrical
properties including less electrical resistance,
reduced coefficient of friction, less creep and walk,
improved flatness, and easier machining.
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19. Ion Implantation
 Ion implantation is a material
engineering process by
which ions of a material are
accelerated in an electrical
field and impacted into a
solid.
 This process is used to
change the physical,
chemical, or electrical
properties of the solid.
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Ion implantation

20. Ion Beam Assisted Deposition
 In ion-assisted deposition (IAD),
the substrate is exposed to a
secondary ion beam operating at
a lower power than the sputter
gun.
 Used in industrial application
such as creating tetrahedral
amorphous carbon surface
coating on hard disk platters and
hard transition metal nitride
coating on medical implants.
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Ion beam assisted deposition

21. Ion Beam Mixing
 Ion beam mixing is the
atomic intermixing &
alloying that can occur at
the interface separating
two different materials
during ion irradiation
 It applied as a process for
adhering two
multilayers, especially, a
substrate & deposited
surface layer.
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Ion beam mixing

22. Laser Treatment
 Laser coating, also refers as
“laser cladding” or “laser
spraying” , is an advanced
coating technology for
improving surface properties of
various components &
equipment.
 Laser coating are used to provide
surface resistance against
abrasive, erosive & adhesive
wear, wet corrosion, high temp.
Oxidation & corrosion.
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Laser Treatment

23. References
 Surface engineering ppt Parala Maharaja Engineering college.
 T. Kumar, P. Jambulingam, M. Gopal, and A. Rajadurai,
‘‘Surface hardening of AISI 304, 316, 304L and 316L SS using
cyanide free salt bath nitriding process’’, International
Symposium of Research Students on Materials Science and
Engineering Chennai, India, (2004), pp. 653-661.
 Florez, ‘‘Erosion corrosion wear of Cr/CrN multilayer coating
deposited on AISI-304 stainless steel using the unbalanced
magnetron (UBM) sputtering system’’, Wear 290-291, (2012),
pp. 149-153.
 Dong, Lin, Xiao, “Deep cryogenic treatment of high-speed steel
and its mechanism”. Heat Treatment of Metals. Volume .No. 3,
(1998), pp. 55–59.
 Yun, Xiaoping, Hongshen, “Deep cryogenic treatment of high-
speed steel and its mechanism”. Heat Treat. Met. (1998), pp.
55–59.
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24. Thank you
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Shivam Pandey PGMSE/1750161